1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsSection Using Language教 材 语 篇 细 研 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELLAlexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland，but when he was young his family moved to Boston，USA.His mother was almost entirely deaf，so Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in d
2、eaf education.This interest led him to invent the microphone.He found that by pressing his lips against his mothers forehead(额头)，he could make his mother understand what he was saying.He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was：“Leave the beaten track(被踩出来的路)occasion
3、ally and dive into(一心投入)the woods.Every time you do you will be certain to findsomething that you have never seen before.Follow it up，explore allaround it，and before you know it，you will have something worththinking about to occupy your mind.All really big discoveries are theresult of thought.”亚历山大格
4、雷厄姆贝尔亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔 1847 年出生于苏格兰，但在他还小的时候，他家就搬到了美国的波士顿。他的母亲几乎全聋了，因此他有志于帮助聋人交流，并从事聋人教育事业。这一爱好促使他发明了麦克风。他发现他把嘴唇放到母亲的额头上，就可以使母亲听懂他所说的话。他认为一个人应当具有好奇心，他最著名的一句话是：“偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”助读讲解 every time 是名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于 whenever，意为“每次”。t
5、hat you have never seen before 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 something。before you know it可翻译成“不知不觉地”。It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic(充满活力的)spirit that led to his most famous inventionthe telephone in 1876.Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a mul
6、tiple telegraph.This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots(点；小圆点)tapped(轻敲)out along a wire(电线)in a particular order)But only one message could go at a time.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.He designed a ma
7、chine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time.But he found the problem difficult to solve.One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw(稻草；麦秆)joined to a deaf mans ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass，Bell noticed
8、 that when he spoke into the ear，the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.If sound waves could be reproduce in a moving electrical current(电流)，they could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph，Bell had invented the first telephone！正是这种对问题的探索和
9、富有活力的精神促成了他最著名的发明1876 年的电话。贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。这种原始的电报用莫尔斯电码长距离传送信息(莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连串点、划)。但是这样一次只能发一个信息。贝尔想改进电报通讯方式，以便同时能发出好几个信息。他设计了一种机器，以使声波分成不同的音调，从而有可能在同一时间里进行不同的通话。但是他发现这个问题很难解决。有一天做实验，他把一根干草的一端和一个耳聋的人的耳鼓膜连接起来，另一端连接了一块被烟熏过的玻璃。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波画在玻璃上。突然间他灵机一动，灵感来了。如果声波
10、能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。在探求改进电报的过程中，贝尔发明了第一台电话机！助读讲解 what he was trying to design 是 what 引导的主语从句。that would separate是 that 引导的定语从句，对 a machine加以修饰和限制。difficult to solve 是形容词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句 that/which is difficult to solve。to solve 是动词不定式，用主动形式表达被动意义。Bell was fully aware of the importance o
11、f his invention and wrote to his father：“The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to housesjust like water or gasand friends will talk to each other withoutleaving home.”The patent was given in 1876，but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his
12、assistant Watson.The words have now become famous：“Mr Watsoncome hereI want to see you.”Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopter(直升飞机)designs and flying machines.While searching for a kitestrong enough to c
13、arry a man into the air，Bell experimented putting triangles(三 角 形)together and discovered the tetrahedron(四 面体)shape.Being very stable(稳定的)，it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy-five.Although
14、he is most often associated(联系)with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuingsearcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.贝尔完全意识到这项发明的重要性，他写信对他的父亲说：“这样的一天即将到来。到那时，电报线将会铺到各家各户，就像水和煤气通到各家各户一样。朋友之间不必离开家就可以彼此通话了。”这项专利是 1876 年授予的，但是直到 5 天以后贝尔才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话
15、。他说的话现在已成名言了：“华生先生到这儿来我想见到你。”亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔是个闲不住的人，他对许多其他领域的发明都感兴趣。他试验直升飞机和设计飞行器。他寻找一种强度足以把人带上天空的风筝，他又试着把三角形拼装在一起，因而发现了四面体。这种四面体非常稳定，被证明是在桥梁设计中的无价之宝。贝尔的一生都在发明创造。他 11 岁时就有了第一项发明，而他的最后一项发明则是在他 75 岁高龄的时候。虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。助读讲解 when 引导定语从句，修饰 the day。is coming 是现在进行时表将来。Whil
16、e searching for a kite是时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：While he was searching for a kite。continuing 是现在分词作定语，意为“持续的，永不停息的”。第一步 速读了解文章主题和段落大意.速读 P2526 教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)1It was his interest in problems and his hard work that led to his most famous invention.()2During the design of a multiple telegraph，Bell invented t
17、he telephone occasionally.()3Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he was an inventor all his life.()4Bell sent his first telephone message before he got his patent.()答案 14 FTTF.速读 P2526 教材课文，选择最佳答案 What is the main idea of the passage?AAlexander Graham Bells life.BAlexander Graham Bells l
18、ife and inventions.CAlexander Graham Bells inventions.DHow Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.答案 B 第二步 细读把控文章关键信息 细读 P2526 教材课文，选择最佳答案 1 Alexander Graham Bell invented the microphone because Ahe was interested in the microphone Bhe liked inventing anything he liked Che wanted to help deaf
19、people like his mother to communicate with others Dhe had nothing to do but kill the time 2What was not included in Alexander Bells experiment mentioned in the passage?AA straw.BA microphone.CSmoked glass.DA deaf mans ear drum.3From the whole passage we can see that Alexander Graham Bell was a(n)per
20、son.ApoorBcreative Crich Dkind 答案 13 CBB 第三步 研读能力升华 接轨高考 根据 P2526 教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family 1.(move)to Boston，USA.His mother was almost 2.(entire)deaf.After that，he became interested in 3._(help)deaf people communi
21、cate and in deaf education.He found movedentirelyhelpingthat by pressing his 4.(lip)against his mothers forehead，he could make his mother understand 5.he was saying.It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit 6.led to his inventions.Whats 7.，he was in 8.(true)a continuing searcher.H
22、e improved the quality of everybodys life 9.finding many 10._(practice)solutions.lipswhatthatmoretruthbypractical语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1The factory cannot maintain(目前的)levels of production.2We need someone(有活力的)and forward-looking.3We must be(实际的)and work out the cost before we make a d
23、ecision.currentdynamicpractical4A government is essential to economic growth.5I dont want to myself with them any more.6I couldnt listening to your explanation for being late for the meeting once again.stableassociatebear.拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence n天真；清白 2vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴associa
24、tion n联合；联想；社团；协会 3adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practically adv.几乎；差不多；讲究实际地practice n实践；实施 innocentassociatepractical.补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 1dive 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 2set (to do)开始(做)3ring 回复电话 4hang 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 5 order 次序颠倒；发生故障 6get 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 intooutbackonout ofthrough.选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 1Please You werent in
25、when Jack called you.2He worked hard and the exam.3He met some bad friends and crime.4My computer is and I have to have it repaired.ring backgot throughdived intoout of order背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过
26、的东西。名词短语 every time 作连词，引导时间状语从句。_，he looks happy.每次我遇见他，他都是一副幸福的样子。Every time I meet withhim 2.Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。本句为“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”结构。_，and youll s
27、ucceed in time.努力学习，你终有一天会成功。Work hard 3.The patent was given in 1876，but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.这项专利是 1876 年授予的，但是直到 5 天以后贝尔才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。“not until”的强调句式“It was not until that”意为：“直到才”。_I realized the enormity of the ta
28、sk.直到我接受了这个岗位，我才意识到任务的艰巨性。It wasnt until after I hadaccepted the position that 核 心 要 点 探 究 bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担(教材 P24)I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的焦味。(1)cant bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事 cant bear sb./sb.s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keep sth.in mind 记住 bea
29、r/keep in mind that记住 He cant bear to leave and cried all the way to the airport.他忍受不了离别之苦，去机场的路上一直在哭。We should always bear/keep in mind that many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving.我们应该牢记，很多事故都是由酒后驾驶造成的。He cant bear(laugh)at.他不能容忍被嘲笑。being laughed 名师点津 (1)bear 作“忍受”讲时，常与 can，could 连用，用于疑问句或
30、否定句中，近义词有 tolerate，stand，endure，put up with 等。(2)borne 与 born 是 bear 的过去分词。表“出生”时用 born，且仅用于被动语态；表“生育”时用 borne。dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入；跳水(头朝下)(教材 P25)Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。写出下列句中 dive into 的汉语意思 She dived into a pool._ He dived into his pocket and prod
31、uced a packet of cigarettes._ As soon as he undertook this task，he dived into his work._ 跳水迅速把手伸入一心投入(1)dive vi.潜水；跳水；急剧下降；(头朝下)跳入水中 dive for/after 扑向；冲向 dive in 热切地开始(2)dive n.冲，扑；暴跌；俯冲；跳水 putin a dive 使大跌(3)diver n.潜水员，潜水者 The news put shares in a dive.这条新闻使得股票大跌。Harvey dived with several question
32、s.哈维急切地问了几个问题。in associate vt.联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴(教材 P26)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(1)associatewith把与联系起
33、来 be associated with与有关 associate with sb.与某人交往/共事(2)association n.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with与合作/合伙 To some people，happiness is(associate)with money.对于一些人来说，幸福是与钱联系在一起的。I dont associate him energetic sports.我不把他和剧烈的体育运动联系在一起。We are working in(associate)with a local company to raise money for
34、 the homeless.我们正在联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。associatedwithassociationhang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住(教材 P26)Hang on，please.请别挂断。hang on to 抓住 hang up 挂断电话 hang around 闲逛；逗留 hang back(from sth.)犹豫；畏缩 Dont hang back in the face of difficulties.不要因为困难而却步。Walking here after drinking is dangerous.Dont hang 酒后在这儿闲逛很危险，别闲逛了
35、。The little girl hung on her mothers hand while they crossed the street.过马路的时候，小姑娘紧紧抓住她妈妈的手。toaroundSomeone called me up but hung before I could answer it.有人给我打电话，但是我还没来得及接就挂断了。up out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障(教材 P26)Im sorry，but this phone is out of order.对不起，这个电话坏了。(1)in order 整齐；状况良好；适宜；按顺序(2)由 out of 构
36、成的其他短语：out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险 out of place 不合适的；不在适当位置上 out of question 毫无疑问 out of reach 够不着；力所不能及的 out of sight 看不见；在视野之外 out of touch 失去联系 When the boy returned from the race，he was already out of breath.那个男孩跑步回来时，已经上气不接下气了。Ill make sure that everything is ord
37、er when the guests arrive.客人到来时，我会确保一切都摆放整齐。Im out touch with most of the friends of my school days.我和学生时代大部分的朋友们都失去联系了。inofget through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；用完；通过(教材 P26)I cant get through.我没法打通电话。写出下列句中 get through 的汉语意思 I couldnt get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and th
38、en._ Im afraid your daughter failed to get through her midterm exams._ The boy got through all his money in one week and had to ask his parent for some more._ 打通电话通过用完get across 被理解；被传达；把讲清楚 get away with 做(坏事)而未受惩罚 get down to doing sth.着手；开始(认真)做某事(to 为介词)get over 克服 get in 收获；收割 How can I get it
39、across to you people how important this is?我怎么做才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性呢？Its time I got down to (think)about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。thinking(教材 P25)Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你
40、的头脑。【要点提炼】此句属于“祈使句and陈述句”句型。(1)“祈使句and陈述句”句型中的祈使句有时也可用条件状语从句或非谓语动词改写。(2)名词词组and陈述句(名词词组中通常含有 more，another，further，earlier 等词)(3)祈使句or陈述句(or 表示“否则、要不然”，or 可用 or else或 otherwise 替换)，相当于 Ifnot主句。Listen carefully，and youll understand it.If you listen carefully，youll understand it.Listening carefully，you
41、ll understand it.仔细听，你就会明白。It is really very dangerous.，and the child will fall into the well.真危险，再多迈一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。Take my advice，you will regret.听我的建议，要不然你会后悔的。orOne more step名师点津 以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。(教材 P25)The patent was given in 1876，but it was not untilfive days later that Bell sent his fir
42、st telephone message to his assistant Watson.这项专利是 1876 年授予的，但是直到 5 天以后贝尔才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。【要 点 提 炼】句 中 it is/was not until that 为notuntil句型的强调结构，意为“直到才”。(1)notuntil(“直到才”)用于强调句型时，not和 until 要放在一起。(2)在 notuntil句型结构中，可以把 not until 提到句首，主句用倒装语序。It was not until rain stopped that I went home.直到雨停了我才回家。Ba
43、ch died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫死于 1750 年，但直到 19 世纪初他的音乐才能才得到完全认可。Not until then I realize the value of friends.直到那时，我才意识到朋友的重要性。didthat随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空 1There are many serious health problems which are(associate)with smoking.2It
44、is so(freeze)cold that we have to stay at home.3The thief dived the womans pocket and stole the wallet，disappearing into the crowd.4I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt get to you.associatedfreezingintothrough5Hang!Ill be back in two seconds.6Give up smoking，you may die of lung
45、cancer.7John rang up just now，and he wanted you to ring him 8It was not until then he realized the importance of the problem.9He is always too busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents(occasion)onor/otherwisebackthatoccasionally10I cant bear(keep)waiting，so I hope you can
46、 come on time.being kept.完成句子 1Whisky Scotland.人们常把威士忌同苏格兰联系起来。2As soon as he undertook the task，他一承担了这项任务，就立刻埋头工作。3that Bethune left the battle hospital.直到做完最后一个手术，白求恩才离开战地医院。is often associated withhe dived into his workIt was not until the last operation was finished4Im afraid that the machine and it needs repairing.恐怕机器出了故障需要维修。5，and your efforts will surely pay off sooner or later.努力学习吧，你的努力迟早会有回报的。Study hardis out of order点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 Thank you for watching!
