1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsDiscovering useful words and expressionsEXAMPLE:n.adj.convenienceconvenient;independence independent1 In groups make word pairs with 2 the same suffix.Add more of your own.n.adj.cubebasefancymercystaincarecautionpoisioncubicbasicfancifulmercifulstainlesscarelesscautiou
2、spoisonousv.n.expectrelaxproducereduceidentifysatisfyexpectationrelaxationproductionreductionidentificationsatisfactionadj.v.stronglongfreezingdisappointingstrengthenlengthenfreezedisappoint2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning.Rewrite the sentence when necessary.1.The
3、 greengrocer at the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach.2.If you want to apply for a credit card,you must provide officially acceptable identification.most convenientvalid3.You need to approach that animal with great care as it may bite.4.She accepts everything during meetings and do
4、es not contribute to discussions at all.5.I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night,but there was no reply.Later I found I dialed the wrong number.cautionis passivecall/ring him up6.I dont think of my hometown very much,only sometimes.7.Luckily the rainfall stop
5、ped suddenly before I left.8.In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.now and thenabruptlydistinguish3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below.file abruptly valid product seize perfume criterion set aboutWhen I first app
6、lied for a patent I was very puzzled by the _.I had produced a new type of lily.I was amazed when my application was _ refused.The patent officer dealing with my _ explained to me that a new plant variety is not a _ invention as it is a result of adjusting growth scientifically.criteriaabruptlyfilev
7、alidHowever,she suggested that I should produce a _ from my new lily.With her encouragement,I decided to _ the opportunity to make a real invention,so I _ my studies on developing my _,for which I hope I will succeed in applying for a patent.set aboutseizeperfumeproductGrammar动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-
8、ed形式作宾语补足语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：一、动词-ed形式作定语spoken English 英语口语iced beer 冰冻啤酒cooked food 熟食fried chips 炸土豆条但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiled water(开水);fallen leaves(落叶)the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。The tall man
9、 is a returned student高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。My parents are both retired teachers我的父母都是退休教师。(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。The excited people rushed into building.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is lost)e.g.The books left are for my st
10、udents(2)后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。剩下的书是给我的学生的。动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Is there anything planned for tonight?(=that has been planned for tonight)今晚有什么活动吗?The meeting,attended by a lot of people,was a success这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=which was attended by a lot of people)He looked w
11、orried after reading the letter看完信后,他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it,we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：I was very pleased at the news听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite de
12、lighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。She found the door broken in when she came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-e
13、d形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。People found the girl beaten black and blue人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(宾语补足语)The girl was found beaten black and blue(主语补足语)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,conside
14、r等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weight taken off her mind她觉得心里轻松了些。They considered the matter settled他们认为这问题解决了。I have my hair cut once a month我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands
15、pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发?“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：(请人)把某事做完。He had his hat blown away on his wayhome在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被
16、偷了。遭遇某种意外情况。I have had all my spelling mistakescorrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan savedthis year他今年已存了1000元。完成某事(自己也可能参与)。(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want,wish,expect,order等He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV se
17、rial plays continued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。Answer key for exercise 2 on page 241.We need another copy of the _ agreement.2.He seemed _ by the failure of his patent.3.She tried to make her
18、self _ while giving her talk.4.I was _ to see our team _ by a weaker team.5.My mother appeared _ with the lanterns she had made.signeddisappointedunderstoodembarrassedbeatenpleasedAnswer key for exercise 3 on page 24If you want to be an inventor,you must have a plan _ to solve a particular problem.T
19、his is not as easy as it sounds.Many ideas,_ after weeks of research,may not prove successful.Many unsuccessful approaches are _,and only the most creative and successful ones are _.designeddevelopedrejectedwelcomedEach idea _ by you will need to be _ until it leads you closer to a new invention.Onc
20、e this hard work has been completed and the patent committee has approved your design,you will find your new invention _ on all sides.testedimprovedadoptedAnswer key for exercise 4 on page 241.We saw _ on TV yesterday.2.He left the car lights on overnight and in the morning she couldnt get _.3.Cathe
21、rine wants _ in the gallery.4.Youd better have _ before I get home from work.Its in a mess.the play performedthe car startedher paintings displayedyour courtryard tidied5.I felt _ forward when the bus stopped.6.I wont have _ with useless discussion.7.I cannot bear the smell of _ on the barbecue.8.The host found _ to the party were late because of traffic jams.myself thrownmy time taken upburnt sausagesome guests invited1.Finish the exercises on grammar in 2.this unit.3.2.Preview the reading materials in 4.Using Language.Homework
