1、The object(宾语)1.宾语是及物动词后的一个成分,表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。可作宾语的有:1)名词、代词、数词、名词形容词 a.They collected seeds from trees.b.Would you like something to eat?c.They fired one-third of their works.d.We should respect the old.动词不定式作宾语e.g.I expected to spend the holidays in France.He refused to accept any physical limitati
2、on.-ing 形式作宾语e.g.I love going on walks and looking at plants.They enjoyed sharing their work experiences.从句做宾语e.g.Do you think advertisements affect your life in any way?We seldom realize that many plants come from countries far away.2)Two objects通常为“间接宾语+直接宾语”e.g.He doesnt own me anything.She asked
3、 me whether I had been there before.I warned you he would be late.Give me it./Give it to me.They told us where to shop cheaply.间接宾语后移,间接宾语用 to或for引出:e.g.They give it to John.He sold his old car to one of his neighbours.I have bought some chocolate for you.Give the dictionary to me,please.用 to 侧重指动作的
4、方向,表示朝着、向着、对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。需借助 to 的:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,return,send,show,teach,tell,ask,leave,mail,throw,take,write 等。需借助 for 的:build,buy,call,change,cook,choose,do,draw,envy,fetch,find,forgive,gain,get,make,order,play(演奏),sing,save,spare,win 等。常跟双宾语的动词分类
5、总结：e.g.Our teacher explains to us the difficult points in the unit.We disclosed to them the secret of our invention.They expressed to their teacher their conviction that the experiment was true.The guide is describing the scenic spots to the tourists.Some verbs have to be used as set phrases when fo
6、llowed by two objects.e.g.He played me a trick.He played a trick on me.Wont you play some folk songs for us?有时为了形成对照或是为了突出重点,“介词+间接宾语”也可移到主语的前面去;e.g.To his daughter he sent a cheque of$50 but to his sun he sent only a cheap pen.如果“介词+间接宾语”比直接宾语短,也可以直接放在谓语动词后;e.g.He give to his friends much of the ti
7、me he should have given to his wife and children.一些句子中,“间接宾语+直接宾语”不能变为“直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”;e.g.He give the door a hard kick.I never give the matter a thought.She give him a warm smile.This heroic deed cost him his life.下面我们结合近几年的高考题将宾语考点归纳如下：一、不定式或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语【考点透视1】动词refuse,agree,fail,promise,afford,hope
8、,choose,manage,decide,determine,offer,plan,want,pretend,wish,threaten 等后常接不定式作宾语。【考例1】She skipped school,and refused to communicate.【考例2】The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放)by 80 percent by 2050,part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016.【考点透视2】“疑问词+不定式”通
9、常放在tell,show,teach,learn,know,wonder,discuss,remember,suggest,forget,find out,figure out 等动词(短语)之后作宾语。【考例1】“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”【考例2】After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women Dont Get Fat,decided to write about the
10、importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.二、动词-ing形式作宾语【考点透视1】后接动词-ing形式作宾语的(短语)动词有mind,enjoy,escape,practise,postpone,suggest,avoid,admit,allow,advise,finish,imagine,deny,mention,keep on,cant stand,cant help,feel like,give up,put off 等。【考例1】He also admitted that he
11、 had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.【考例2】“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.【考点透视2】在某些含有to 的短语中,to 是介词,后接动词-ing 形式作宾语。这类短语有:object to,look forward to,get down to,be accustomed to等。【考例1】I was looking forward to having five days off f
12、rom duty.【考例2】“Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,”he added,.注意：有些动词后接动词-ing 形式和不定式作宾语时意义不同。如：remember to do sth.记住要去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事regret to do sth.很遗憾去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事try to do sth.努力去做某事try
13、 doing sth.试着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事三、从句作宾语【考点透视】宾语从句要用陈述语序；宾语从句可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。主要考查其引导词。【考例1】Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however【考例2】I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.A.that B.where C.what D.why【考例3】It is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why
