1、Copernicus Revolutionary TheoryPre-reading1 Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?What do you know about him?尼古拉哥白尼1473年出生于波兰。40岁时，哥白尼提出了日心说，并经过长年的观察和计算完成他的伟大著作天球运行论。1533年，60岁的哥白尼在罗马做了一系列的讲演，但直到他临近古稀之年才终于决定将它出版。1543年5月24日去世的那一天才收到出版商寄来的一部他写的书。哥白尼的“日心说”沉重地打击了教会的宇宙观，这是唯物主义和唯心主义斗争的伟大胜利。2 What do you know about so
2、lar system?While-readingSkimming1 What made Coprenicus frightened and confused?(B)A The fact that the earth was the center of the solar system.B The conclusion that the sun was the center of the solar system.C The fact that the earth runs around the sun.D The fact that God made the world.2 why didnt
3、 Copernicus publish his theory immediately?Because (D)A he didnt think it complete.B he was afraid of being attacked by the Christ church.C his friends forbade him to do so.D no one supported his ideas.3 When did copernicus publish his theory?(C)A After his death.B Before he told his friends about i
4、t.C As he lay dying in 1543.D Copernicus theory was never published.4 what is the Christian churchs attitude towards Copernicus theory?(D)A The church objected to his theory.B The church was in favor of his theory.C The church paid much attention to the theory.D The church thought highly of his theo
5、ry.ScanningGods ideaThe_was the center of the solar systemThe problems astronomers noticedSome _ in the sky seemed to stop,move_and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared_at times and less bright at others,Copernicus decisionHe had thought long and hard about these problems and decided to find th
6、e_His findingOnly if you put the sun there did the _of the other planets in the sky make_His friends attitudeHis friends were_about the new theory and encouraged him to publish his ideas,but Copernicus was_The result Although his theory was _by the Christian church,it was finally accepted.Post-readi
7、ng If you were Copernicus,would you have hidden your theory for so many years?Why?Past paticiple（非谓语之一）1)在句中的位置：a.a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面过去分词作定语the affected peoplea a brokenbroken heart heartaa lost lost dog dog a a risenrisen sun suna a brokenbroken glass glass受感染的人一颗破碎的心一颗破碎的心丧家之犬丧家之犬已升起的太阳已升
8、起的太阳被打破的玻璃杯被打破的玻璃杯b.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。People exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year=people who was exposed to cholera=the book which was recommended by Jack=the machines which were produced last year2)所表示的时间过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。The
9、letter The letter postedposted yesterday will soon reach him.yesterday will soon reach him.Have you read the books Have you read the books writtenwritten by the young by the young writerwriter？3)语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.The
10、bike The bike which was stolenwhich was stolen belongs to Jack.belongs to Jack.2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about 2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.environment protection.The lecture The lecture which was given by Professor Zhangwhich was given by Pr
11、ofessor Zhang is is about the environment protection.about the environment protection.4）意义不及物动词的过去分词，表示动作已近完成 fallen leaves the risen sun及物动词的过去分词表示被动 an honoured guest deeply moved people及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成 a lost animal一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：1 语态:主动和被动2时间关系：正
12、在进行和已经完成 the the changingchanging world world the the changedchanged world world boilingboiling water water boiledboiled water water a a developingdeveloping country country a a developeddeveloped country country（正在变化的）（变化了的）（正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）1.Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?2.The woman _
13、(sell)vegetables has gone.3.The wheat is watered by water _(bring)from a pond.4.He is a leader_(respect)by the people.Attention：过去分词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Nothing reported(in the newspaper)interested him.Is there anything unsolved?There is noti
14、ng changed here since I left this town.3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussedII.过去分词做表语（predicative）1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，放在系动词之后，其作用相当于adj.说明的是主语的状态All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is
15、 well written.常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别ing作表语与-ed作表语有何区别？The result of the test is disappointing.I feel disappointed with the result of the test.The story is very inte
16、restingHe is interested in the book.What a surprising result!I am surprised at what he said.注意过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.Compete the sentences using the right form of the Compete the sentences using the right
17、 form of the Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.given verb.given verb.1.1.I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and lonely.lonely.lonely.2.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he Jack looked even more _(am
18、aze)than he Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he felt.felt.felt.3.3.The results were very The results were very The results were very _(disappoint)._(disappoint)._(disappoint).4.4.I was thanked by the _(satisfy)I was thanked by the _(satisfy)I was thanked by the _(satisfy)customer.customer.customer
19、.5.5.The girl _(dress)in red is my The girl _(dress)in red is my The girl _(dress)in red is my daughter.daughter.daughter.6.6.Last Monday our class went on an _ Last Monday our class went on an _ Last Monday our class went on an _(organise)trip.(organise)trip.(organise)trip.boredboredamazedamazeddis
20、appointingdisappointingsatisfiedsatisfieddresseddressedorganisedorganisedExercises1.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.2.A.being known B.having been known3.C.to be known D.known2.As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends3.A.separated B.spared C.lo
21、st D.missed3.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.4.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay4.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.5.A.first playing B.to be first played6.C.first played D.to be first playingDACC5.The research is so designed that once _ not
22、hing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun6.The television is a _ machine.A.newly-invented B.new-invented C.newly-invent D.newly-invention7._ English is different from _ English in many ways.A.Spoken,written B.Speaking,written C.Spoken,writing D.Speak,writeDAA8.The lad
23、y said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars9.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying10.Mr Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boringDBA
