1、主题群二 做人与做事主题 1MoralsandVirtues道德与美德英语2022高 中 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内 容 索 引主题词汇主题语篇主题写作主题词汇词汇认知项目 课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇名词(n.)moralvirtuemarriagemajorityfeeresponsescholarshiphirephysicianclinicelectiondecadestaffsavingkindergartenprincipleinsuranceaccidentoperationwhispermidnightimp
2、ortexportpolelapbitechairmanmemorychaincaftearharmcourtincometensiondilemmatuitionunioncolleaguerejectionlipwaitressdisguisemaplecartdespairmightfablecharitywhaleprofessorpositionsolutionpercentchemicalcreatureeffectaccommodationidiomauthoritysourcephotographerbuttonshockelementvarietypathimagereact
3、ionfile项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇动词(v.)illustratecomplainrespondhirerejecttendpublishretirescarereplacewhisperimportexportbiteharmfaintentrustappointelectassistdisguisespilllimpdespairseekdeterminecrashdestroysurvivefoundrecoverconcentratefreezestarecapture形容词(adj.)moralpreciouspassivesharpenergeticflexiblefai
4、ntfarawayscaredpregnantannualAtlanticamazing副词(adv.)elsewherethereforeeventually介词(prep.)per项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇短语(phr.)moraldilemmain need ofat timesplay a key rolecare forbe responsible fortreat.as.be known asnot.any moreat midnightpass awayin memory ofonce upon a timecrash intopick oneself upin tearsn
5、either.nor.make an attempt to doin despairsucceed in doingbelong toin response tokill two birds with one stonewhen the cats away(the mice will play)hold your horserain cats and dogsbrave the elementsafter all词汇拓展1.moral adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意adv.道德上;道义上n.道德;道德准则2.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图n
6、.示例;插图3.marriage n.结婚;婚姻vt.娶;嫁;为主持婚礼adj.已婚的4.majority n.大部分;大多数adj.主要的plain vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚n.抱怨;投诉6.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应n.反应;回答;答复morally morality illustration marry married major complaint response 7.scholarship n.奖学金n.学者8.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用n.否决9.appoint vt.任命;委派n.任命;委任10.elect vt.选举;推选n.选举;推选
7、;当选11.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于n.趋势12.publish vt.发表(作品);出版n.出版(业);发行(业)13.retire vi.&vt.退休;退职;退出n.退休14.saving n.节省物;节省;节约vi.&vt.节省;储蓄15.passive adj.被动的;顺从的adj.主动的;积极的16.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓adj.害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐惧的adj.令人害怕的scholar rejection appointment election tendency publishing retirement save positive sc
8、ared scary 17.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的vt.使尖锐18.insurance n.保险;保险业vi.&vt.投保;给保险19.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的n.精力;活力20.replace vt.接替;取代;更换n.代替21.operation n.手术;企业;经营vi.运转;经营;动手术n.接线员;经营者22.import n.进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进n.出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播23.memory n.记忆力;回忆vt.记忆;记住sharpeninsure energyreplacement op
9、erate operator exportmemorise 24.harm n.&vt.伤害;损害adj.有害的adj.无害的25.despair n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望adj.绝望的26.tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑adj.紧张的harmful harmless desperate tense 词汇应用用适当的单词填空1.To a person nothing is more(宝贵的)than their life.2.In 1954,she was elected to the first National Peoples Congress and,over the n
10、ext several(十年),she held many important positions.3.She was more interested in tending patients,(发表)medical research on care for women and children,and training the next generation of doctors.4.What was the main(原则)guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life?preciousdecades publishing principle 5
11、.Many studies have shown that shy,passive children tend to be socially(拒绝接受)by their classmates.6.Many Americans complained about the sharp increase in the cost of health care and health(保险)recently.7.One of the advantages of hiring(精力充沛的)and positive young people is that they tend to show interest
12、in their work and they are eager to learn.8.The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to(接替)the secretary.rejected insurance energetic replace 9.During the(手术),she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.10.I saw her(低语)something into his ear,obvio
13、usly not wanting to be heard.11.Facing higher(进口)and(出口)costs,the company is looking for ways to survive.12.In response to a question about(紧张关系)between doctors and patients,some respondents complained that misleading media reports about doctors have greatly harmed society,causing the public to dist
14、rust medical workers.operation whispering import exporttensions 主题语篇考点浅析1.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointeddirector of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just afew months later,the department was closed because of the war.1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,但是
15、仅仅数月之后,妇产科就因为战争而关闭。【提炼】the+序数词+动词不定式做定语【浅析】当名词前有序数词the first/second/third./last等修饰,其后需非谓语动词做定语时,常用动词不定式。【仿写】(1)杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。(2)这是最后一批要发给学生的阅读材料。Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut in space.These are the last reading materials to be handed out to the students.2.The new Peoples Republic of
16、China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a keyrole.中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。【提炼】时间、地点名词+see/find/witness/notice(做谓语动词).【浅析】在英语中,有时用时间或地点名词做主语,感官动词see,find,look,notice,witness 等做谓语动词,表示“见证了/目睹了”等含义,这些写作手法被称作拟人,在具体翻译时,一般把主语翻译成相应的时间状语或地点状语。【仿写】(1)近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。(2)他独自一人漫无目的地在空荡荡的操场上徘徊。Recent years have witnes
17、sed a growing social mobility.The empty playground noticed him wandering alone and aimlessly.3.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the“mother often thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。【提炼】having done.【浅析】having do
18、ne 是动词-ing 形式的完成式,做状语时表示该动作在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前已发生或完成,其被动形式为having been done。【仿写】(1)确保所有的习题都认真检查过之后,他交上了试卷。(2)与他父母分离多年之后,他十分渴望回到家乡。Having made sure all the exercises were checked carefully,he handed in his paper.Having been separated from his parents for many years,he had a strong desire to go back to his
19、 hometown.4.After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot ofwater on her head.过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。【提炼】独立主格结构【浅析】each balancing a pot of water on her head 是“代词+动词-ing形式短语”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的构成一般为:名词/代词+介词(短语)/非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式的选择根据以下原则:(1)当名词/代词与非谓语动词之间为动宾关系时,用动词-ed形式;(2)当名词/代词与非谓语动
20、词之间为主谓关系时,表示将来的动作用动词不定式(to do/to be done),表示正在进行的或当前的动作时用动词-ing形式。值得注意的是,独立主格结构与句子其他成分之间没有并列连词或从属连词。【仿写】(1)我今天给你三本书,其他的明天给你。(2)蝙蝠的寿命很长,有的长达四十年。I give you three books today,the rest to follow tomorrow.Bats have a very long span of life,some living as long as 40 years.语篇再现Passage 1As a five-year-old g
21、irl,Lin Qiaozhi was 1.(deep)affected by her mothers death.At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the 2.(major)of girls,she chose to study medicine.“Why should girls learn so much?3.(find)a good husband should be their final goal!”her brother complained,thinking of the h
22、igh tuition fees.She responded,“Id rather stay single 4.(study)all my life!”deeply majority Finding to study Eight years later,Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)with the Wenhai Scholarship,the highest prize given to graduates.She 5.(immediate)became the first woman ever 6.(hire)as
23、 a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Within six months,she 7.(name)a chief resident physician,a position 8.usually took four years to achieve.After working for a few years,she was sent to study in Europe and then,in 1939,in the US.She greatly 9.(impress)her American co
24、lleagues,who invited her to stay.Dr Lin,10.,rejected the offer.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.immediately to be hired was named that/which impressed however Passage 2Once upon a time there was a king who often thought,“Nothing good can come to a nation 1.people only complain and
25、expect others 2.(solve)their problems.”One day,he placed a large stone in the middle of the main street 3.hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart.He crashed into the stone,4.(spill)the milk everywher
26、e.“What fool put this stone here?”he shouted.He picked 5.(him)up and angrily went away.whose to solve and spilling himself The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone,but he found nobody 6.(make)an attempt to move it.The king was 7.despair.“Is there no one in this village who
27、feels any 8.(responsible)to keep their neighbours from harm?”Just then,the king saw a young girl coming along.She 9._(work)all day and was very tired.But she pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort,she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.Imagine her surp
28、rise when she saw the gold coins 10.the stone had been!making in responsibility had been working where 主题写作写作指导该写作主题是“分享关于一个道德故事的看法(Share your opinions about a moral story)”。这类文章属于故事评论,考生需要先简单介绍故事的内容:梳理故事的起因、经过和结果,并用一两句话概括故事大意。然后结合生活实际阐述故事给人们的警示作用以及所蕴含的社会意义。在介绍故事内容时尽量不使用文章原句,而是以第三人称的语气转述故事的主要情节。故事评论
29、一般分为三段:第一段梳理故事的基本信息,包括题目、故事类型、故事梗概等;第二段对故事进行分析,包括作者的目的意图、故事的细节描写是否到位、故事是否实现了它的警示目的;第三段陈述自己的观点,包括喜欢或不喜欢故事的哪些部分,是否要把故事推荐给别人等。主题佳句1.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她
30、度过充满艰难抉择的一生。2.She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.她向病人收取的治疗费用极低,而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。3.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。4.Since she had no children of her own,she left her saving
31、s to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.由于自己没有孩子,她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。5.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨,而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题,那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。写作训练假设你校英语俱乐部正在举办征文活动,请你根据下面这幅描述小男孩和奶奶的图画写一篇短文。内容要求:1.描述图画内容,如情景、人物、动作(奶
32、奶正在做家务活)等;2.结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想;3.举例说明你能在尊老爱老方面做些什么。注意:1.词数不少于100。2.参考词汇:按摩 massage范文展示Respecting the elders is a good virtue.As is shown in the picture,a grandson might have realised that his grandmother is tired from doing housework and he thinks that he should do something about it.So he gives his gran
33、dmother a gentle back massage,hoping that it can reduce his grandmothers tiredness.This reminds me of my parents and grandparents who have been doing whatever they can do to let me have the best education.But,totally absorbed in my own study,I seldom take notice of their tiredness and never offer to
34、 do anything to make them feel comfortable.Now I know I can help them with everyday cleaning,or at least clean my own bedroom.Meanwhile,I will do my best to work hard at my lesson,for I know my progress is the best reward for their love.范文点评本文是一篇提纲类作文,内容要求:描述图画内容,如情景、人物、动作(奶奶正在做家务活)等;结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想;举例说明你能在尊老爱老方面做些什么。本文采用了三段式的结构,开门见山地写出了尊老方面的事情,用了This reminds me等句式和meanwhile等副词有层次地写出了自己的感想,最后提出了自己的意见。本文是一篇不错的提纲类作文,词数也正好。
