1、Unit 5Into the unknownUsing language语法精讲素养提升名词性从句(Noun Clauses)名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子, 在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。用恰当的引导词填空并体会它们的功能。1. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 2. What is most e
2、xtraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. 3. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 4. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused
3、 the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 5. Why Maya civilization collapsed remains a mystery. 1. 引导名词性从句的引导词: (1)连接代词: what, which, who, whom, whose(2)连接副词: when, where, why, how(3)连接词: that (宾语从句或表语从句中“that”有时可以省略); whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性); as if, as though (均表示“好像”, “似乎”)2. 名词性从句的
4、一般引导词的用法(1)连接词 that只起连接作用, 没有任何意思, 也不充当句子成分, 在宾语从句中可省略, 但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如: *I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。*That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。(2)连接词 whether也不充当句子成分, 但有自己的意思, 表示“是否”; 引导宾语从句时, 可换成 if, 但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。*He asked whether (if) I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以
5、给他带路。*Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句, 不能用if代替whether)(3)连接代词who(m), whose, which, what等, 均有各自的意义, 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如: *Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。(4)连接副词when, where, why, how等, 也各自有自己的意义, 在从句中作状语。如: *The question is how we should carry out the plan
6、. 问题是我们应该怎样执行这个计划。*When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。*Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。【即学活用】 语法填空(2020浙江高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had rai
7、sed and crops they had sown. (2020江苏高考)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; its just a matter of time. (2020天津高考)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind to. 3. 名词性从句易错易考点(1)that与what的区别that “三不”(不作成分; 无意义; 一般不省略)what在从句中作成分也不可省略*That she lacks ex
8、perience is obvious. 她缺少经验, 这是显然的。*Do you know what she lacks? 你知道她缺什么吗? (2)If/whetherIf/whether二者均可的情况: 它们在及物动词之后引导宾语从句It当形式主语时后置的主语从句其余情况常用whether*Whether well go camping depends on weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。*The question is whether it is true. 问题是这是不是真的。*We have a doubt whether he can come. 我们怀疑他是否能来
9、。*We havent heard of whether he will go. 我们还没有听说他是否会去。*I dont know whether/if well go camping. 我不知道我们是否去露营。*It depends on you whether/if well go camping. 是否要露营取决于您。(3)that引导同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句中名词多是抽象的且有内容的名词(idea/promise/information/fact/message/news/evidence. . . ) 同位语从句是对名词内容的解释或补充说明; 定语从句是对该名词的限定。t
10、hat区别在同位语从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 不能省略, 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可省略。*They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. (同位语从句)他们表示希望他们能再次访问中国。*The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. (定语从句)她表示希望他们再次来中国。(4)wh-与wh-ever引导名从的区别区别: 只有语义不同wh-ever 表泛指译为“无论”; wh-表特指比较: *I
11、 agreed with what you said. 我同意你的意思。*I agreed with whatever you said. 我同意你所说的一切。(5)区别三大句式It/This/That is because. . . 那是因为It/This/That is why. . . 那是为什么The reason is that. . . 原因是*I came late. That was because it rained. 我来晚了, 那是因为下雨了。*It rained. That was why I came late. 下雨了, 这就是我来晚的原因。*The reason
12、why I came late was that it rained. 我迟到的原因是下雨了。(6)在名词性从句中, it作形式主语或形式宾语*He took it for granted that his parents raised him. 他认为他的父母抚养他是理所当然的。【即学活用】 语法填空What impressed me most was that she is always smiling. Scientists have found the evidence that smoking can harm health. Tom hopes to become a friend
13、 of whoever shares her interests. 语法填空(名词性从句)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. And teenagers have similar feelings that it is not easy to live with them. Thus, it is common that they argue with each other. The most common argument is who will clean teenagers bedrooms. However
14、, most teenagers take it for granted that their parents should clean the bedrooms. Now many parents dont know what they can do. Psychologists give a suggestion that parents should not only talk to their children but also listen to what they have to say. This is because communication is a two-way pro
15、cess. 课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed. 2. It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. 3. What you said at the meeting described a bright future for the company. 4. What makes the book so extraordinary is the cr
16、eative imagination of the writer. 5. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20, half of what it used to charge. 6. Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 7. (2019浙江高考)One study in America found that students grades improve
17、d a little after the school introduced uniforms. 8. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading. 9. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are higher th
18、an they actually are. 10. (2018浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. . 完成句子(使用名词性从句 )1. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行, 还没有宣布。2. Whoever breaks the law will be
19、 punished. 违法者将受到惩罚。3. What surprised all of us was that the concert was called off. 令我们吃惊的是音乐会被取消了。4. The problem is what we can do to protect the environment. 问题是我们能做些什么来保护环境。5. The old man cant remember who knocked him down. 老人记不起是谁撞倒他的了。6. What we are worried about is whether he can feel better
20、soon. 我们担心的是他是否能很快好转。7. He is hesitating about whether he should tell her the truth. 他在犹豫是否应该告诉她真相。8. He was late for work for the reason that he missed the first train. 他上班迟到是因为误了第一班火车。9. Despite the fact that it was raining hard, the football game continued. 尽管雨下得很大, 足球比赛还是继续进行。10. If you still keep silent, I will take it for granted that you imply agreement. 如果你还保持沉默, 我就当作你是暗示同意了。
