1、专题八名词性从句(对应学生用书P223) 主 语 从 句在主从复合句中,作主语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为主语从句。主语从句可由从属连词,连接代词或连接副词引导,且不能省略,主语从句引导词所作成分从属连词that,whether不作成分连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever等主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词when,where,how,why等状语1.that/whether引导的主语从句句型That/Whether主语从句谓语.that引导主语从句时,只起连接作用,没有具体意义,在从句中不作任何成分,也不能省略,由that引导的主语从句可改为由it作形式主语的句子wheth
2、er引导主语从句可放句首、句尾,在从句中不作任何成分,但意为“是否”,且不能省略 is certain.他要来,这是肯定的。 is certain . .你是否能赢这场比赛不要紧。2wh类连接词引导的主语从句句型Wh主语谓语.连接代词(who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,which等)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词(when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however)在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
3、(人教4)它们(恐龙)为什么突然消失了还是个谜。3it作形式主语的主语从句句型It系动词表语that从句可用于这种结构的形容词常见的有:likely 可能的certain 肯定的It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。句型It系动词名词that从句常用于该结构的名词有:a pity 遗憾a wonder 奇迹a fact 事实 a shame 遗憾no wonder 难怪 a surprise 意外It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yester
4、day.你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。It is no wonder that youve achieved so much success.难怪你取得了这么大的成功。句型It be过去分词that从句常用于该结构的过去分词有:said 据说reported 据报道suggested 有人建议 hoped 有人希望It is said that we will have our final exams next month.据说下个月我们期末考试。 宾 语 从 句在主从复合句中,作宾语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语、形容词或介词之后,从属连词that,whet
5、her,if连接作用连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever等主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词when,where,how,why等状语句型主语及物动词/“动词副词”宾语从句宾语从句一般紧跟在及物动词或及物动词短语后,当宾语从句由that引导时,一般可以省略由并列连词连接的两个或多个that引导的宾语从句,只有第一个从句中的that可以省去,其余并列宾语从句中的that都要保留动词/动词短语后的宾语从句由whether引导时可用if代替He said(that)the film was excellent and he wanted to see it once again.他
6、说电影很好,他想再看一次。If you want to know it works,read the instructions.如果你想知道它是怎么操作的,请阅读说明。Can you figure out what the poem means?你能理解这首诗的意思吗?We also realize that hiking can be hard work and believe that hikers need all our help.(北师8)我们还意识到登山是项艰苦的活动,也相信登山者需要我们的一些帮助。I dont doubt(that)he is equal to the job.
7、我不怀疑他能胜任这项工作。I doubt if/whether he can finish the task on schedule.我怀疑他是否能如期完成任务。句型主语谓语介词宾语从句介词后的宾语从句可用whether和wh类连词引导,whether不能用if取代介词后的宾语从句一般不用that引导。except(除了),in(在于)除外Success depends on whether we make enough effort.成功取决于我们是否做了足够的努力。My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.(人教1)我的
8、同学们已经开始愿意接受我这样一个人了。We know nothing about him except that he is a doctor.我们只知道他是个医生。He is different from his twin brother in that he is more outgoing.他不同于他孪生兄弟的一点就是:他更外向。句型it作形式宾语的宾语从句主语谓语it从句可用于该结构的动词:find 发现feel 觉得think/consider/suppose 认为believe 相信 make 使得I feel it a pity that I havent been to the
9、 gettogether.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾。I consider it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。句型主语特殊动词it从句表“喜欢、厌恶”的动词和短语:喜欢like/prefer/enjoy/love/appreciate厌恶hate/dislike表“负责、相信”的动词短语:see to 负责depend/rely on 相信;指望I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand.如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。I hate i
10、t that you have to put up with so much.我不愿你那么逆来顺受。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。句型主语系动词形容词宾语从句引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure 相信certain 肯定的glad/pleased 高兴的 afraid 担心的surprised 吃惊的 satisfied 满意的Im not sure whether theyll agree with such a plan.我拿不准他们是否同意这样一个计划。H
11、e is ashamed that he was rude.他为自己的失礼感到羞愧。 表语从句和同位语从句1表语从句句型主语系动词引导词表语从句表语从句位于系动词之后,引导词有三类,其中whether不能用if代替,that不能省略从属连词that,whether连接作用连接代词what,whatever,who,which等主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词when,where,why,how等状语句型主语系动词that/whether引导的表语从句从属连词that和whether在从句中不作成分,that无实义,whether有“是否”之意。My opinion is that he real
12、ly doesnt understand you.我认为他确实没有理解你的意思。The question is whether it is true or not.问题在于这是真的还是假的。句型主语系动词wh类连接词引导的表语从句连接代词(what,whatever,which,whichever等)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词(when,where,why,how,however等)在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语This place isnt what it used to be.这个地方不是原来的样子了。That was where we camped last time
13、.那就是上次我们野营的地方。This is how we got out of trouble then.这就是当时我们脱离困境的情况。He was ill.That was why he was absent from the meeting.他病了,这就是他缺席会议的原因。句型The reason why.is/was that.的原因是主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用thatThis/That is why.这/那是的原因This/That is because.这/那是因为The reason why he was absent was that he fell ill
14、.他缺席的原因是他生病了。That is why he didnt make progress.那是他没有进步的原因。That is because he didnt work hard.那是因为他没有足够努力工作。句型(.)动词引导词表语从句用于该结构的动词:seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel等It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。It sounds as though you are from Beijing.听起来你好像来自北京。2.同位语从句句型(.)名词引导词同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一
15、般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。常由从属连词that/whether,连接代词who/what,连接副词why/how/when/where等引导,与从句同位的名词通常是表事实的抽象名词belief 信念hope 希望news 消息advice 建议idea 想法order 命令doubt 怀疑fact 事实possibility 可能性wish 愿望promise 诺言thought 想法句型(.)名词that/whether同位语从句that引导同位语从句时,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,没有任何意义,只起连接作用,但是不能省略whether引导同位语从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分
16、,但是表示“是否”之意,不可以换为ifIve got a feeling that one day hell be famous.(外研6)我有种感觉,总有一天他会成名的。The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.学生问了我一个问题,即这本书是否值得一读。用法(.)名词wh类连接词/how同位语从句连接代词在同位语从句中充当一定的成分,如主语、宾语、表语和定语等,并且有一定的意义。连接副词在同位语从句中充当状语The question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.天为什么是蓝的,这个问题很难回答。I have no idea how he solved the problem.我不知道他怎么解决的这个问题。