1、上一页下一页返回导航第一章 名词上一页下一页返回导航知识梳理上一页下一页返回导航一、名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名、地名、人名、团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词上一页下一页返回导航二、名词的数1.可数名词(1)可数名词变复数的规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加sstudents,teachers,doctors,tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加esglasses,dishes,boxes,watches，但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs上一页下一页返回导航情况方法例词以辅音字母y结尾变y为i再加esfamilies,babies,armies
2、,bodies以元音字母y结尾加sboys,toys以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加esthieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives少数加sbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs上一页下一页返回导航情况方法例词以o结尾通常加sradios,videos,zoos,tobaccos,pianos,photos有的加esNegroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,mangoes既可以加es，也可以加szeros(zeroes),mosquitos(mosquitoes),volcanos(volcanoes)上一页下一页返回导航(
3、2)可数名词变复数的不规则变化自身有特殊变化的名词child 孩子childrenman 男人menwoman 女人womentooth 牙teethmedium 传播媒介media foot脚；英尺feet mouse老鼠mice phenomenon现象phenomena上一页下一页返回导航常见单复数同形的名词Chinese 中国人 sheep 绵羊 deer鹿 series 系列 means 方式 works 工厂 fish 鱼 fruit 水果其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。Some deer are eating grass at th
4、e bottom of the hill.有一些鹿正在山下吃草。(deer单复数同形)Every possible means has been tried,but none proves successful.每一种可能的方式都尝试了，但没有一个证明是成功的。(means单复数同形)上一页下一页返回导航2.不可数名词(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice(建议),furniture(家具),fun(乐趣),information(信息),news(新闻),weather(天气),progress(进步),wealth(财富),value(价值)等。(2)抽象名词通常为不可数名词，但抽
5、象名词常可具体化，具体化后变为与原来意义相关的可数名词，常考的有：上一页下一页返回导航单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物上一页下一页返回导航单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情experience经验经历difficulty困难困难的事情honor荣誉带来荣誉的人或事worry烦恼令
6、人烦恼的事上一页下一页返回导航单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义youth青春；青年时期青年们necessity必要性必需品joy欢乐令人高兴的事上一页下一页返回导航Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。Five hundred youths from all over the country will attend this meeting.来自全国的五百名青年将参加本次会议。They are failures as artists,but successes as teach
7、ers.作为艺术家他们是失败者，但作为教师是成功者。上一页下一页返回导航另外，有些抽象名词的复数形式用来表示数量之多，以示强调，如：congratulations,regards,respects,thanks,wishes,apologies,smiles,pities,fears,hopes,kindnesses等。如：I offered my congratulations on her success.我对她的成功表示了祝贺。He was in all smiles.他满脸笑容。上一页下一页返回导航(3)“of抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance,va
8、lue,use,significance,help等。如：Its of no practical use to me.这对我没什么实际用途。The work I am doing is not of much value.我做的工作没有多大价值。上一页下一页返回导航3.表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配(1)修饰可数名词的量词：many,few,a few,several,a number of,the number of,a great/good many(2)修饰不可数名词的量词：much,too much little,a little,a large amount of,huge amou
9、nts of,a great deal of(3)两个皆可修饰的量词：some,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,quantity of上一页下一页返回导航三、名词作定语用法例词名词作定语时，一般用单数apple trees,car factories以man，woman作定语的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式women doctors,men teachers一些名词本身是s结尾，作定语时不变sports meeting,clothes shop上一页下一页返回导航名词作定语，即用一个名词修饰另外一个名词，主要用来说明被修饰名词的物质构成、用途等。1物质构成，如：a ste
10、el bridge,paper money2用途，如：a coffee cup3时间，如：an evening paper4地点，如：city life,country life,country music5种类，如：office work6内容，如：body language,the film industry上一页下一页返回导航四、名词的格1.s所有格用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加s 或；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加s或。Toms and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 Tom and Jims room
11、 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间上一页下一页返回导航表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barbers在理发店 at the teachers在老师办公室2.of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字上一页下一页返回导航3.双重所有格指“名词of名词所有格”或“名词of名词性物主代词”。a play of Shakespeares莎士比亚的一个戏剧
12、a friend of mine我的一个朋友上一页下一页返回导航五、识记下列动词或形容词的名词形式(语法填空常用)Aableabilityacceptacceptanceaccurateaccuracyaddadditionadviseadviceagriculturalagricultureangryanger上一页下一页返回导航anxiousanxietyapologizeapologyappointappointmentappreciateappreciationarrangearrangementarrivearrivalassistassistanceattractattractio
13、n上一页下一页返回导航Bbeautifulbeautybelievebeliefbravebravery上一页下一页返回导航Ccautiouscautioncomfortablecomfortcommunicatecommunicationcompetecompetitioncompletecompletionconcludeconclusionconfidentconfidence上一页下一页返回导航congratulatecongratulationconsiderconsiderationconstructconstructioncontributecontributioncorrect
14、correction上一页下一页返回导航Ddangerousdangerdarkdarknessdie/deaddeathdecidedecisiondescribedescriptiondeterminedeterminationdevotedevotion上一页下一页返回导航differentdifferencedifficultdifficultydiscoverdiscoverydiscussdiscussiondividedivision上一页下一页返回导航Eeconomiceconomicseducateeducationencourageencouragementenergeti
15、cenergyequipequipmentequalequalityerupteruption上一页下一页返回导航exciteexcitementexistexistenceexpectexpectationexplainexplanation上一页下一页返回导航Ffailfailurefamousfamefluentfluencyfreefreedomfriendlyfriend/friendship上一页下一页返回导航Hhappyhappinesshardhardshipharmfulharmhelpfulhelphighheighthopefulhopehumoroushumorhung
16、ryhunger上一页下一页返回导航Iillillnessimportantimportanceimpressimpressionindependentindependenceincludeinclusioninforminformationintendintention上一页下一页返回导航introduceintroductioninventinventioninviteinvitation上一页下一页返回导航JjudgejudgmentKkindkindnessknowknowledge上一页下一页返回导航Llaughlaughterlazylazinesslonglengthluckyl
17、uck上一页下一页返回导航MmagicmagicianmarrymarriagemercifulmercymixmixtureQoccuroccurrenceoperateoperationorganizeorganization上一页下一页返回导航Ppackpackagepatientpatiencepeacefulpeaceperformperformancepollutepollutionpossiblepossibilitypreferpreference上一页下一页返回导航preparepreparationproduceproductionpronouncepronunciatio
18、nprotectprotectionpunishpunishment上一页下一页返回导航Rrealrealityreasonablereasonrelievereliefresponsibleresponsibility上一页下一页返回导航Ssadsadnesssafesafetysaltysaltscientificsciencesecuresecuritysettlesettlementsilentsilencesimilarsimilarity上一页下一页返回导航solvesolutionspecialspecialiststarvestarvationstatestatementstr
19、ongstrengthsucceedsuccesssuggestsuggestionsurvivesurvival上一页下一页返回导航UusefuluseVvaluablevalueviolentviolence上一页下一页返回导航WwarmwarmthweakweaknesswealthywealthwisewisdomYyoungyouth上一页下一页返回导航课堂练习上一页下一页返回导航单句语法填空。1.Father went to his doctor for _(advise)about his heart trouble.2.Facing cutthroat _(compete)in
20、 all subjects,students must devote as much of their time as possible.3.Recent _(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.4.The first underground passenger railway ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd)on the roads
21、 above.advisecompetitionstudiescrowds上一页下一页返回导航5.She was in London and spent her _(young)in China.6.(2017年全国卷)She has turned down several _(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.7.His _(curious)made him wonder about clouds.8.(2018年全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a _(scien
22、ce)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.9.The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady _(grow)of bigger languages.youthinvitationscuriosityscientistgrowth上一页下一页返回导航10.(2017年 全 国 卷)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate)11.You should take more _(exer
23、cise).Dont always sit at the desk busy doing your _(exercise)12.(2016年 全 国 卷)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract)educationexerciseexercisesattraction上一页下一页返回导航课后练习上一页下一页返回导航用下列动词或形容词的适当形式填空。1.This change has decreased _(pollute)in the countrys major lakes.2.These people have made g
24、reat _(contribute)to China with their work.3.As far as I am concerned,my _(suggest)is that we shouldalways have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach.4.This development was only possible with the _(introduce)of electricpowered engines and lifts.pollutioncontributionssuggestion
25、introduction上一页下一页返回导航5.What makes the house admirable is their _(able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.6.She took me from a poor,unhappy college student and brought me into her world:a world of smiles,love and _(warm)7 The little girl checked details of the story in the book with _(patient)8.Some things looked as if they had not been cared for a long time,but I knew their _(beautify)was still there beneath their own surface.abilitywarmthpatiencebeautyF i g h t i n g！高考加油，同学
