1、Unit 16 Stories Period ThreeLesson 3 Life Stories.重点单词1superb adj. 出色的，卓越的2severe adj. 严重的；严厉的3precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的4gradual adj. 逐渐的5stubborn adj. 倔强的，固执的6former adj. 以前的7troublesome adj. 引起麻烦的8straightforward adj. 直接的，坦率的 9complex adj. 复杂的10warmth n. 温暖11uncertain adj. 不确定的12restriction n. 限制，约束re
2、strict vt. 限定，限制restricted adj. 受限的13unbearable adj. 不能忍受的bearable adj. 能容忍的，忍得住的bear vt. 容忍，忍受14eager adj. 渴望的，热衷的eagerly adv. 渴望地，热切地eagerness n. 渴望，殷切15expand v. 扩大，扩充expansion n. 扩张，扩大；展开16apparent adj. 明显的，显而易见的apparently adv. 明显地.核心短语1open_up 打开，开放2now_that 既然，由于3in_a_flash 即刻，一瞬间4go_on 发生；进行5
3、bring in 请来；赢利6relate to 涉及；理解；与有关7give sb.a big hug 紧紧拥抱某人8start with 以开始.经典句型1now that引导原因状语从句Now_that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。2unless引导条件状语从句Her words puzzled me very much because I
4、did not then understand anything unless_I_touched_it.她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。3it作形式宾语I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.我感到奇怪，为什么老师不能告诉我什么是爱。4状语从句的省略The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while_working_on_a_simple_task.“思考”这个单词对
5、海伦来说也是一个很难学的词，但是在做一件简单的事情时，她取得了突破性进展。5Itis/was the first/second/.time (that).It was the first time Helen had_understood (understand) such a complex worda word for something she couldnt touch.这是海伦第一次明白这么复杂的单词一个表示一种她触摸不到的东西的单词。1.if相关省略结构if possible假如可能的话if necessary 如果有必要的话if so 假如是这样的话if not 假如不这样的话i
6、f ever 假如曾经有的话if any 如果有的话2表示“急切盼望(做)”的短语还有long for sth.be dying/anxious/eager for/to do sth.be hungry/thirsty for sth.be keen on/to do sth.课文预读海伦凯勒第12段译文海伦凯勒是一个很特别的女孩，她需要一位出色的老师。直到七岁的时候，她仍然不会说话、阅读和写字。这是因为海伦看不见，也听不到。因为交流上有这些严重的障碍，海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。她固执、易怒，在别人不明白她的意思时，就常打破东西。安妮沙利文被请来帮助海伦。安妮是波士顿一所盲人学校的老师，她
7、也曾在那里就读。安妮年幼的时候也曾有过视力问题，所以能够对海伦的困难产生共鸣。她的第一个目标是要停止海伦常引起麻烦的行为。为了学习语言，海伦需要做这样重要的准备。她也需要很多的爱。当安妮和海伦第一次见面时，安妮就紧紧地拥抱了海伦。 第3段译文海伦将要学会理解拼写在她手上的单词。安妮的方法简单而直接。她将一件物品放在海伦的一只手里，然后在她的另一只手里拼写单词。安妮从玩具娃娃开始。她让海伦玩娃娃，然后在她的手里拼写字母“DOLL”。海伦以为这是个游戏。她在她的书我的生活故事中准确地描述了自己的兴奋：“我冲下楼梯跑向妈妈，举起手，拼写玩具娃娃的字母。我不知道自己在拼写一个单词，更不知道单词的存在；
8、我只是简单地像猴子般地模仿着移动手指。” 第46段译文后来有一天，安妮带海伦来到了水井边。安妮将海伦的手放在水的下方。当水流过一只手时，安妮在另一只手里拼写“water”一词。一瞬间，海伦突然明白了：手指的运动表示清凉的水正在流过她的手。这一宝贵知识给了她希望和欢乐。终于，词语世界向她敞开了。由于海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。能看和听的孩子学语言很容易，但是对海伦来说，这是一个渐进的，有时是痛苦的过程。然而，结果是令人惊叹的。随着知识不断拓展，词汇不断丰富，海伦问的问题越来越多。这很快就使她发现更复杂的词汇，并且改变了她的思考方法。试着学习“爱(love)
9、”这个词的过程是她记忆深刻的一次经历。她在自己的书我的生活故事里是这样描述的：第78段译文“我记得我第一次问爱这个词的意思的那个早晨。这是在我知道很多词之前。我在花园里发现了几枝早开的紫罗兰花，我把花拿给我的老师沙利文小组轻柔地将她的手臂环抱着我，在我的手里拼写我爱海伦。什么是爱？我问道。她将我拉近一些，然后指着我的心说，它在这里。她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。”海伦对爱的意思还是不明白，但是她继续努力去理解。“我闻到她手里的紫罗兰花，一半用单词，一半用手势，我问了这样一个问题，爱是花的甜蜜吗？不是，我的老师说。”第910段译文海伦感觉到照耀着她们的太阳的温暖，
10、指着上面问那是不是爱。当她的老师否定时，海伦既困惑又失望。“我感到奇怪的是老师不能告诉我什么是爱。”“思考”这个词对海伦来说也是一个很难学的词，但是在做一件简单的事情时，她取得了突破性的进展。海伦正在沙利文小姐的帮助下制作项链时，注意到自己出了一些错。由于不能确定怎样改正，她停下来仔细地思考。当她这样做时，沙利文小姐摸摸她的头，在她的手里拼写“思考”这个词。“一瞬间，我明白了这个词便是我头脑中正在进行的这个过程的名称。”第1112段译文这是海伦第一次理解这样一个复杂的词一个她触摸不到实物的词。在那一刻，她的思想回到了“爱”这个词。当她再次思考它的意思时，太阳出来了。海伦指着太阳，又一次问老师那
11、是不是爱。安妮回答海伦，解释说爱在某种程度上就像太阳和云。,“你知道，你不能触摸云彩，但是你能感觉到下雨你同样触摸不到爱，但你却能体会到爱注入万物之中的甜蜜。没有爱，你不会快乐，也不想玩耍。”在那生动的一刻，海伦终于明白了“爱”这个词的美丽真谛。课文理解Task One：Fast Reading.Skim the text and finish the following question.What is the main idea of the text?The passage is mainly about the_experiences_of_Helen_Keller when_she_
12、struggled_against_life.Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)1Helen couldnt see or hear but she behaved well.(F)2The word “water” was easy for Helen to understand because she could touch it.(F)3Helen thought “love” might be the sun because the sun was shining and it was very warm when
13、her teacher taught her the word.(T)4“Love” and “think” are both specific words that are objects you can touch.(F)5As she held an object, Helens teacher spelled the word into her other hand.(T)Task Two：Careful ReadingRead the text and choose the best answer.1From the passage we can know that _.AHelen
14、 knew well on how to learn abstract (抽象的) wordsBHelen had some difficulty learning words that she couldnt touchCHelen gave up trying when she couldnt understand the meaning of “love”DHelen could learn language as easily as children who could see and hear答案：B2Which of the following statements is NOT
15、right?ABefore seven years old, Helen could communicate with her parents in simple language.BAnne Sullivan had some teaching experience before she came to teach Helen.CAnne Sullivan was very patient and loved Helen very much.DWhen Helen learned language, she followed a “simple to complex” way.答案：A3Ac
16、cording to the passage, which of the following words may be difficult for Helen to understand?AChair.BClothes.CHate. DRope.答案：C4In which order does the author organize the passage?ATime.BPlace.CPeople.DThe process of learning words.答案：DTask Three：MicrowritingRead the text carefully and fill in the b
17、lanks.Helen KellerHelen Keller was a special girl who needed a superb teacher. Her behaviour was often _1_ (bear) and she was stubborn and angry because she couldnt speak, read _2_ write at the age of 7.Anne Sullivan _3_ (bring) in to educate Helen. Her first goal was to stop Helens troublesome _4_
18、(behave) and she also gave Helen lots of love. Annes technique was simple and straightforward. Then one day, Helen had a burst of understanding _5_ her hand was put under the water: the movement of the fingers meant the cool water _6_ (flow) over her hand. This precious knowledge gave her hope and j
19、oy. Finally, the world of words was opening up to her.At first, she was confused and _7_(disappoint). Gradually, but _8_ (pain), Helen understood the meaning of “love” and “think” _9_ the help of Miss Sullivan. She had a breakthrough while _10_ (work) on a simple task.1unbearable 2.or 3.was_brought
20、4.behaviour 5when 6.flowing 7.disappointed 8.painfully 9with 10.working 1 (教材P10) With these severe restrictions on her communication, Helens behaviour was often unbearable.因为交流上有这些严重的障碍，海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。(1)be severe on/with sb.对某人严厉be strict with sb. 对某人严格be strict in sth. 对某事严格(2)severely adv. 非常严重地注
21、意severe的比较级为severer或more severe，最高级为severest或most severe。即学即用(1)We must be severe with ourselves and lenient with others.我们必须严于律己宽以待人。(2)The party suffered severe losses during the last election.该党在上次选举中遭到惨败。(3)单句语法填空Anyone breaking the law will be severely (severe) punished.Was his mother too sever
22、e on/with him?Our teacher is strict in her work and is strict with us.2 (教材P10) With these severe restrictions on her communication, Helens behaviour was often unbearable.因为交流上有这些严重的障碍，海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。(1)make/place restrictions on限制speed restrictions 速度限制(2)restrict vt. 限制，限定；约束restrict ones freedom 限
23、制某人的自由restrict sth.to sth. 把限制在restrict oneself to sth./to doing sth. 限制自己(做)某事(to是 介词，后跟名词或动名词)(3)restrictive adj. 限制(性)的；约束(性)的restrictive attributive clauses 限制性定语从句即学即用(1)The government placed/made restrictions on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.政府限制进口车的数量。(2)Having small child
24、ren tends to restrict your freedom.有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。(3)单句语法填空The government has agreed to lift restrictions (restrict) on press freedom.We restricted the number of students per class to 10.I restrict myself to smoking (smoke) two cigarettes a day.3 (教材P10) Anne was a teacher and former student at a s
25、chool for the blind in Boston.安妮是个老师也曾经是波士顿盲校的一个学生。(1)the former.the latter. 前者后者former president/soldier/wife 前任总统/昔日的士 兵/前妻be a shadow of ones former self 失去昔日的力量(或 影响等)；威风不再； 不如当年(2)formerly adv. 从前，以前即学即用(1)The coal industry is now barely half its former size.煤炭业现在的规模几乎不到以前的一半。(2)If I had to mak
26、e a decision, I would choose the_former over the latter.如果我不得不做决定，我会选择前者而不是后者。(3)The_former_world_champion also competed in the match.前世界冠军也参加了本次比赛。4 (教材P11)Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.由于海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地
27、使用它们。(1)be eager for sth.渴望某物be eager to do sth. 渴望干某事be eager for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事be eager that.(should) do sth. 渴望(从句多用 虚拟语气)(2)eagerly adv. 渴望地；急切地eagerness n. 渴望，热心，热切即学即用(1)The old man is eager to come back to his hometown after living abroad for many years.在国外生活了这么多年，这位老人非常渴望回到自己的家乡。(2)Ru
28、ral towns are eager for any business they can attract.乡镇急于招揽任何能吸引来的企业。(3)单句语法填空Im eager for more information about your activity.I was eager to_return (return) to work as soon as possible.When I walked out of the hall, I saw the fans waiting there eagerly (eager)辨析比较eager, anxiouseager强调对成功的渴望，带有更多热
29、切、兴奋的情绪，含有积极的意义；与不定式或for搭配anxious强调“担心，忧虑”，对结果感到不安，带有更多焦虑、担忧的情绪，具有消极的意义；与不定式或about搭配(4)选词填空：eager, anxiousShe is eager to go to college, but anxious about not passing the entrance examination.5 (教材P11) As Helens knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富，海伦问
30、的问题越来越多。(1)expand.into.把扩展(发展)成expand into. 扩展(膨胀)成expand on/upon sth. 详述某事；充分叙述某事(2)expansion n. 扩张，扩大；膨胀即学即用(1)As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.随着孩子的成长，他们的兴趣会变广，且会变得更自信。(2)A balloon expands as it is filled with air.气球装入空气就会膨胀。(3)单句语法填空The teacher asked s
31、tudents to expand a sentence into a story.Could you expand on that point, please?The company has abandoned plans for further expansion (expand)辨析比较expand，extend，spread，stretchexpand(使)(尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大，增加(活动量)，扩大(活动范围)extend延伸，延长(建筑或道路、时间等)，扩大(控制、影响力等)，伸展(手臂、腿等)spread把(物)铺开、张开，(疾病、感情、问题或火等)蔓延，(消息、思想等)流传
32、，传播，扩展(使能覆盖大的面积)，张开(手臂，双腿等)stretch伸展，拉直，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长形象记忆(4)选词填空：expand, extend, spread, stretchThe hot weather extended to October.During the past ten years the citys population has expanded by 12%.The fire soon spread to the surrounding buildings.The cat stretched out in front of the fire.6
33、 (教材P11) The meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen but she kept on trying to understand.海伦显然还不懂“爱”的含义，但是她努力地去理解。(1)It is apparent that.很明显(2)apparently adv. 显然地；明显地联想归纳1.与句型“It is apparent that.”类似的表达还有“It is clear/obvious/evident that.”。2apparently相当于obviously或clearly。即学即用(1)The distincti
34、on between them is not always readily apparent.它们之间的区别并不总是显而易见的。(2)She didnt go. Apparently she never got my letter.她没有去，显然她没有收到我的信。(3)It_was_apparent that his house had been searched before he came back and the secret documents were missing.显然在他回来之前有人搜过他的房子那些秘密文件不见了。(4)单句语法填空It soon became apparent
35、 that our opponents were too strong for us.Apparently (apparent), theyve run out of tickets for the concert.1 (教材P10) Anne Sullivan was brought in to help Helen.安妮沙利文被请来帮助海伦。bring about造成，引起bring out 使显现；把拿出来bring down 使降低bring up 提出(讨论等)；抚养(某人)即学即用(1)Experts were brought in to advise the government
36、.专家们被请来担当政府顾问。(2)Green buildings will bring_about a healthier and more comfortable living environment.绿色建筑将为我们营造一个更健康和更舒适的生活环境。(3)He does odd jobs that bring_in about 300 pounds a week.他做零工每周可赚约300英镑。(4)We aim to bring_down prices on all our computers.我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。2 (教材P11) Now that Helen unders
37、tood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.由于明白了语言的要点，海伦很渴望学到更多，并且尽可能多地使用语言。(1)now that既然，由于；用作连词一般用于句首引导原因状语从句。其他引导原因状语从句的连词有because， since， as等。此外，given (that)， considering that， in that， seeing that等特殊连词也可引导原因状语从句。(2)表示原因的其他短语有due to， because of， on
38、 account of， owing to， thanks to， as a result of， as a consequence of等。但这些都是介词短语，后接名词、代词等作其宾语。即学即用(1)Now that youre here, why not have a drink?既然你来了，为什么不喝一杯呢？(2)单句语法填空Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.Considering (consider) that he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should now he
39、lp him.Stay in bed longer today, seeing (see) that you were late last night.Shes very angry on account of what you said over lunch about her husband.Owing to the bad weather, the plane had to change its course.(教材P11) Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I
40、 touched it. 她说的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我只能理解可以触摸到的东西。本句是一个复合句，其中because引导原因状语从句，在从句中又含有一个unless引导的条件状语从句。unless引导条件状语从句时，意为“除非，如果不”，相当于if.not。即学即用(1)Just because I dont complain, people think Im satisfied.就因为我不发牢骚，大家便以为我满意了。(2)I will not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of tim
41、e.除非我能提前完成那个项目，否则我最近不会来看你。(3)I will not go to their party unless_I_am_invited/unless_invited.假如他们不邀请我，我不会去参加他们的聚会。(4)Unless_necessary,_youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。(教材P11) I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.我感到奇怪，为什么老师不能告诉我什么是爱。本句中it为形式宾语，strange为
42、形容词作宾语补足语，that从句为真正的宾语。当think， make， find， feel， consider等动词后面是不定式或从句作宾语，并且宾语带有补语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾补后，构成句式：主语谓语it宾语补足语真正的宾语。即学即用(1)I found it difficult to explain to him what had happened.我发现把发生的一切解释给他听很难。(2)I dont feel it difficult to understand English programs.我觉得理解英语节目并不难。(3)No matter where
43、 he is, he makes it_a_rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都把早餐之前去散步作为惯例。(4)I think it_our_duty_to_help_the_poor.我认为帮助穷人是我们的责任。(教材P11) The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while working on a simple task.“思考”这个词对海伦来说也是一个难学的词，但是在做一件简单的事情时，她取得了突破性的进展。
44、句中的while working on a simple task为状语从句while she was working on a simple task的省略形式。时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的省略有两种情况：(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词中又含有连系动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。(2)当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有连系动词be时，可以把it和连系动词be一起省略。此时构成“连词(if/unless/when/whenever)形容词”的结构。即学即用(1)While (she was) walking along the river bank
45、, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。(2)If (it is) necessary, dont hesitate to give me a call.如果有必要，请立刻给我打电话。(3)单句语法填空When completed (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.Learn to keep up a good state of mind when coming (come) across hardship on your way to achieving yo
46、ur dream.You must practise speaking English whenever possible.The old man was knocked down while crossing (cross) the road.(教材P11)She was making necklaces with the help of Miss Sullivan when she noticed that she had made some mistakes.她(海伦)正在沙利文小姐的帮助下制作项链，这时她注意到自己犯了一些错。这是一个复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句，运用了“be
47、doing.when.”句式，意为“正在这时”。(1)when引导时间状语从句的常用句式：(2)when还可表示“既然，考虑到”即学即用(1)John was studying in his room when he heard a scream.约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到一声尖叫。(2)Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新工作？(3)He was doing his homework when his mother came in.他正在做作业，这时他妈
48、妈进来了。(教材P11) It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex worda word for something she couldnt touch.这是海伦第一次理解这样一个复杂的词一个她触摸不到实物的词。It was the first time (that).“这是第一次”，that 引导的从句用过去完成时。(1)It/That/This is/was the first/second/.time (that).是固定句型，表示“这是第一/二/次”。当主句用was时，从句用过去完成时；当主句用is时，从句用现在
49、完成时。(2)The first/second/.time引导时间状语从句时，主从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时。(3)It is (high) time that sb.did/should do.到该干的时候了(从句中谓语动词常用一般过去时或should do, should一般不能省略)。(4)for the first time首次(在句中作时间状语)the first time.第一次(引起时间状语从句)即学即用(1)That was the first time (that) he had made a mistake in his work.那是他工作中第一次出现差错。(2)The
50、 first time I read the book, I was attracted by it.我第一次读这本书时，就被它吸引住了。(3)单句语法填空It is the first time that he has_traveled (travel) alone ，so he feels nervous and excited.It was the first time that he had_been (be) so eager to pass the exam.Its time for you to_pay (pay) attention to your attitude towar
51、ds your work.Its time that you should_put/put (put) your heart into your study.单句语法填空1It is the first time that she has_adopted (adopt) an abandoned dog.2The man picked up a little French while living (live) in France.3The courts are becoming more severe on/with young offenders.4Now that you have a
52、good chance, why cant you grasp it?5There is a severe restriction (restrict) against smoking in schools.6I wasnt there, but apparently (apparent) the concert was amazing.7Cinemas may gradually (gradual) be replaced by TVs and computers in the next century.8There were a large crowd waiting outside ea
53、ger to_see (see) the pop singer.9I find it difficult to work out these problems in five minutes.10The sandbank was uncertain (certain), like quicksand under his feet.完成句子1He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the_former.他不得不在放弃工作和放弃原则二者中选择其一。他选择了前者。2It was the second time (that) he_had_told_a_lie to his teacher.这是他第二次向老师撒谎。3Now_that you are a big boy, you must behave better.你既然已经长大，举止就必须更讲究些。4These clothes restrict_your_freedom of movement.这些衣服使你行动不便。5Id like to bring_in Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.我想请霍尔博士来这里，然后请教一下他的观点。
