1、(一)基本单词1._ n毒品；药品2._ n支气管炎3._ n癌症4._ n香烟5._ n烟草；烟丝6._ n.大麻drugbronchitiscancercigarettetobaccocannabis7._ n可卡因8._ n(注射用的)针；针管9._ adj.有力的；(药等)有功效的10._ adj附近的11._ n盗窃；窃案；盗窃罪12._ n比；比率13._ n逛商店时偷窃商品的行为cocaineneedlepowerfulnearbyburglaryratioshoplifting14._ adj可能的15._ n成人的16._ n咖啡馆；餐馆17._ vt禁止18._ adj令人
2、不快的；极讨厌的19._ vt.影响；对有坏影响20._ n参与者；参加者likelyadultcafebanaffectparticipanthorrible21._ n传单；印刷品22._ n慢跑23._ adj体操的leafletjogginggymnastic24._ n危险 _ adj.危险的25._ n.&vt.对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子；使上瘾；使沉迷 _ adj.(药物等)上瘾的26._ vt.注射 _ n注射，注入(二)派生单词dangerdangerousaddictaddictiveinjectinjection27._ vt.减少 _ n减少28._ n罪行；犯罪行为
3、 _ n罪犯29._ n联系；关系；关联 _ vt.联系；连接30._ adj.违法的；不合法的 _ adj.合法的reducereductioncrimecriminalconnectionconnectillegallegal31._ n治疗 _ v治疗；对待32._ vi.不同意；意见不合 _ n不同意，不赞成33._ n参与者；参加者 _ v参加；参与34._ vt.认识；认知；认出 _ n认可，认出35._ n分心；分散注意力 _ vt.转移，分散treatmenttreatdisagreedisagreementparticipantparticipaterecognisereco
4、gnitiondistractiondistract1._ 有关系的，有关联的2._ 破门而入，强行闯入3._ 属于4._ 对上瘾；沉迷于5._ 听某人的意见6._ 为了7._ 为了8._ 放弃(三)短语related tobreak intobelong tobecome addicted totakeones adviceinorder tosoas togive up1.addict vt.使成瘾，使入迷(常用于被动语态)n.入迷的人，上瘾的人【归纳】be/become/get addicted to.沉迷于，对上瘾，热爱 addict oneself to沉溺于，醉心于一、单词【拓展】
5、addiction n 沉溺；瘾，癖好addicted adj.上瘾的(人的状态)addictive adj.使成瘾的；上瘾的(事物的性质)addiction to sth.对有瘾，对入迷注意：addicted/addiction连用的to是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。2.reduce vt.缩减，减少；【归纳】reduce.to.把减少到；把降低到 reduce.by.把减少了；把降低了【拓展】reduce的反义词是increase，increase to 表示“增加到”increase by 表示“增加了”3.ban n禁止，禁令 vt.禁止，取缔【归纳】ban sth.禁止做
6、某事ban sb.from sth./doing sth.禁止某人做某事ban on/against 禁止三个词都表示“禁止”之意。(1)ban语气最重，指权威机关(比如政府、官方等)正式禁止。ban，forbid，prohibit(2)forbid是普通用词，指禁止某人进入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事。多用于权威人士(如家长、长辈、主人、上司、医生)发布的禁令，也可用于政府、组织、团体的禁令、规定。还可表示由于客观条件不允许的“禁止”。(3)prohibit是正式用词，指用法律或法令来禁止。4.affect vt.影响；（在感情方面）打动，震动；（疾病）侵袭这三个词都可以表示“影响”，但略
7、有区别：affect多指外来的行为、作用等产生的影响。affect,effect&influenceeffect是名词，侧重影响的结果。常用于have a good/bad effect on/upon sth/sb结构中。如：His parents divorce had a bad effect onhim.influence通常指通过劝说、榜样或行为，间接地、无形地、潜移默化地影响某人的思想或行为。作动词时，宾语通常是表示人、思想、性格、行为等的名词；作名词时，后常接on,upon,over,with等引导的介词短语。如：He had a great influence on my ca
8、reer.Smoking can _ your health,and _,Professor Brown said.Aeffort；so can bad eating habitsBinfluence；so bad eating habits canCeffect；so bad eating habits canDaffect；so can bad eating habitsD5.recognize/recognise vt.认出，识别；承认，认可；认识到【归纳】recognize sb./sth.认出某人，识别出某物recognize.as/to be 承认是；认为是It is recogn
9、ized that.人们意识到【拓展】recognition n认出，认识，识别recognize指把原来认识的人再次“辨认出”，是非延续性动词。know“认识并熟悉某人”，是延续性动词。recognize与knowI _ him so well that I can _ his steps.A.know；know B.recognize；recognizeC.recognize；know D.know；recognizeD6.likely adj.可能的【归纳】be likely to 很可能，有希望后接动词原形It is/was likely that.可能likely是指从外表、迹象上进
10、行判断，有可能发生。与probable意思相接近。likely既可用人也可用物作主语。possible反映客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。常用句型有It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.或It is possible that.。作表语时不能用人作主语。likely,possible，probableprobable主要用来指有根据、合情合理、值得相信的事物，可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。probable只能用It is probable that.句型。作表语时也不能用人作主语。1.break into 强行进入，闯入；突然发出；突
11、然起来(break into中into是介词，及物动词词组，后面需接宾语)【拓展】break away from 脱离，摆脱break down(机器)损坏，破坏，分解二、短语break off 中断；突然停止；脱落；绝交break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发break in 打断(谈话)；闯入(in是副词，不及物动词词组，后不能跟宾语)break through 突破，突围break up 打碎2.belong to 属于belong to不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时。后可跟人称代词，不能跟名词性物主代词。【拓展】belong in/with/under应归入(类别，派别，
12、范畴等)；应被放在某处；合适，适宜belongings n 所有物，行李；相关事物，亲属3.so as to 为了；以便这组词都可表示“为了；以便”的意思，但用法有别：in order to,so as to可引导目的状语，后跟动词原形。但是in order to可放在句首，so as to不可。so.as to只能表示结果，否定结构用so.as not to。so as to,in order to,in order that,so thatin order that,so that引导目的状语从句。但是in order that可放在句首，so that不可。在so that和in ord
13、er that引导的从句中，一般会用到may,might,can,could,will,would等。I finish the work today in order to/so as to playfootball tomorrow.我今天完成这些工作是为了明天能去踢足球。He got up early so that he could arrive there on time.他早起床是为了能按时赶到那儿。I cleaned the room today in order that it mightmake her happy.我今天打扫了房间是为了让她高兴。特别提示只有两个动作的主语一致
14、时，才能用in order to和so as to来连接，否则要用in order that或so that。4.give up 放弃；交出，让出；输掉【拓展】give up doing sth.放弃，停止做某事give up sth.to 把让给(献给)give away 泄露(机密)，暴露；分发(奖品等)give back 归还，送回；恢复give in(to)屈从，向让步give off 发出(蒸气)；发散(光线)give out 用完，用尽；分发；公布5.in danger 处境危险；有危险【拓展】out of danger 脱离危险full of danger 充满危险“inn.”结
15、构的短语还有：in trouble在困境中in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地in order妥当的，能用的in peace和平地，和睦地in short简而言之，总之in practice 勤于练习in all总共in order有条不紊in case以防万一in despair 处于绝望中in public在公众面前in time及时；总有一天in turn轮流；反过来in charge负责；掌管in danger 指主语“处于某种危险之中”。The man is in danger.此人处境危险。in danger of 指主语“有的危险”。This kind of animal is
16、 in danger of dying out.这种动物有灭绝的危险。dangerous 意为“危险的”，是指主语给别人、别的事物带来危险，会伤害别的人或事物。The man is dangerous.此人很危险。(可能会伤害别人)in danger,in danger of,dangerous特别提示danger作“危险”讲时，为不可数名词；若指代具体“可能引起危险的人或物时”，为可数名词。三、句式1.Whatever youre doing when you want to smokedo something else！无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事情吧！whatever用法：(
17、1)作连接代词，引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“无论，不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。(2)作连接代词，引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句)，可看作是what的强调说法，其含义相当于anything that或all that，whatever在句中起双重作用，既起先行词与关系代词的作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等。(3)作形容词，意为“无论怎么样的；无论哪一种的”，作定语，意思是“任何的”，可视为what的强调说法。2.I couldnt agree more.我非常同意。(我再同意不过了。)cant/couldnt比较级，该句型
18、表示“非常；不能再”，从表面上看是否定的形式，而实际上是用否定的形式表示肯定的概念，表达最高级的含义。They couldnt have done it any better.他们做得非常好。【拓展】下列结构均表示最高级的含义：1)完成时neversoadj.(adv.)/soadj.a(n)n./such(a/an)adj.n.I have never seen such a glorioussunrise.我从来没有看到如此壮丽的日出。Never before have so many people taken part in the movement.从来没有这么多人参加这个活动。2)c
19、annot(never)/could not(never)与enough/too 连用也表示最高级含义，意为“再也不”You can never be too careful.你再怎么小心也不过分。I.选用合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。1.The police had to break into the house where the _ was hiding.2.Thirty of the course _ have been offered employment with the company.legal,participate,recognise,reduce,ban,affectcr
20、iminalparticipants5.Its _ to drive through a red light.6.Its a disease which mainly _ older people.7.Though not having seen him for years,I _ him immediately.8.It is necessary that smoking should be _ in public places.legal,participate,recognise,reduce,ban,affectillegalaffects recognisedbanned9.The
21、plane _ speed as it approached the airport.legal,participate,recognise,reduce,ban,affectreducedII.补全句子1.Finally I _(放弃)trying to persuade him to travel with us.2.The two animals are similar in appearance,but they _(属于)different species.gave up belong to3.There was no one nearby who might have seen h
22、im trying to _(强行闯入)the house.4.Sam _(听从我的建议)and found a job he was interested in.took my advice break into III.用适当的介词填空。1.Experiences and feelings related _ the disaster wont disappear for a long time.2.John went through about four years of being addicted _ computer games.3.Susan is _ danger of los
23、ing her job if she goes on like this.to to inIV.根据括号内的提示把下列句子翻译成英语。1.为了不打扰他人，在阅览室请低声交谈。(in order to)2.请仔细核对单子以免发生错误。(so as to)In order to raise more money for charity,the singer held two more concerts.He made up an excuse so as to avoid being punished.3.演讲枯燥无味以至于我睡着了。(such.that)4.老板生气得说不出话来。(so.that)This is such a beautiful oil painting that many people want to know who painted it.The little girl was so nervous that she couldnt say a word.
