1、第8课非谓语动词 对应学生用书P235语法自测看高考怎么考单句语法填空1(2020新高考全国卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking (walk) through a rainforest.2(2020全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4 to
2、 find (find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.3(2020全国卷)They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.4(2020全国卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.5(2020全国卷)They
3、are easy to care (care) for and make great presents.6(2020全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find (find) the wellknown painter.7(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.8(2020浙江卷)La
4、ter, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.9. (2019全国卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s，and are expensive to perform (perform) c
5、onsistently over a large area.10(2019全国卷)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being (be) Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week.11(2019全国卷)When we got a call saying (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.12(2019全国卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achieve
6、ment” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire (retire) from her 36yearold business.13(2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get(get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.14(2019浙江卷)But some students didnt w
7、ant to wear (wear) the uniform.15(2019天津卷改编)Learning (learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.16. (2019天津卷改编)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially designed (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.17(2019北京卷)E
8、arth Day, marked (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 18(2019北京卷)Nervously facing (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”19(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long to see (see) the
9、benefit.20(2018全国卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running.21(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve) water quality.22(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) di
10、rectly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.23(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay (stay) and watch.要点突破知内容有哪些考点1非谓语动词的形式及意义 /非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing/表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的
11、动作之前现在分词和动名词一般式doingbeing done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done/与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成考点2非谓语动词作状语 /1不定式作状语用法例句不定式作目的状语：常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首In order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time
12、.要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间。不定式作结果状语：常用于too.to do，enough to，so/such.as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。续表用法例句不定式作原因状语：常用在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中We were astonished to find the temple stil
13、l in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：结构“主语beto do”The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际坐上去很舒服。2.分词作状语句法功能用法例句作时间状语相当于when，while，after等引导的时间状语从句Having held a discussion with the teachers，we came to have a better understandi
14、ng of the problem. 与老师讨论之后，我们对这个问题有了较深的理解。作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive at any time now. 这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。作条件状语相当于if引导的条件状语从句Working hard, and you will succeed. 只要工作努力，你就会成功。作让步状语相当于though，although等引导的让步状语从句Having been told many time
15、s, he still repeated the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。续表句法功能用法例句作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，既可扩展为一个含并列谓语的简单句，也可扩展为一个并列句或定语从句Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果造成延误。作方式或伴随状语表示与谓语动作同时发生的次要(或伴随)的动作，通常可扩展为并列分句Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the s
16、un and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。3.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。独立成分例句generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you) the truth，to be honest，to make things wors
17、e 等。Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4.独立主格结构独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。也可以作定语。构成例句名词/代词分词The test finished (When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。续表构成例句名词/代词不定式They said goo
18、dbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。with/without名词/代词分词/不定式With the task completed successfully, they went home happily.成功地完成任务后，他们高兴地回了家。即时训练单句语法填空1Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.2Facial rec
19、ognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China，reducing (reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.3We should take immediate action to protect (protect) our environment.4Having been laughed (laugh) at for his mistakes，the boy was ashamed an
20、d embarrassed.考点3非谓语动词作定语 /动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on. 她突然想到了一个好主意，但是找不到纸把它写下来。续表分词作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing，being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分
21、词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用doneThe house being built is for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。(被动关系且动作正在进行)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done，doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成boiling water正沸腾的水boiled water白开水动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能a swimming poor游泳池即时训练单句语法填空1We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held (hold) ne
22、xt week.2However，in the arranged (arrange) marriages of the old days of China，there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.3The matter being discussed (discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyones attention.考点4非谓语动词
23、作宾语 /1不定式作宾语(1)只能接不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法敢假装decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage, dare，pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求未能帮一帮offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，fail，help(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。2动名词作宾语(1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认
24、推迟没得想consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡forbid，imagine，risk; cant help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escapeI avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
25、我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。(2)由“动词介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：be/get used to (习惯于)，look forward to (期盼)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始认真做某事)，devote.to.(致力于)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意
26、义上有区别：What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。即时训练单句语法填空1There are many reasons why college and university students often fail to get (get) full nights of sleep.2I still remember visiting (visit) a f
27、riend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.3Kate is very shy and always avoids joining (join) school activities.4Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their
28、 diet.考点5非谓语动词作宾语补足语 /不定式作宾语补足语在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。下列动词(短语)
29、接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear，listen to)，三使(let，have，make)，五看 (see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，一帮助(help)，但变为被动语态时需加toThe teacher made him repeat the sentence. He was made to repeat the sentence.老师让他重述一遍这个句子。分词作宾语补足语感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，listen to，notice及keep，find等词可跟分词作宾语补足语(现在分词：
30、宾语与宾补之间是主动关系；过去分词：宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？听！你听到有人正在喊救命吗？have，get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。即时训练单句语法填空1I looked up and noticed a snake winding (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfas
31、t.2He was sleeping when he heard his name shouted (shout) from outside.3Some students are made to stay (stay) in the classroom after school by the teacher.考点6非谓语动词作主语和表语 /作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/wasadj.for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times whe
32、n its better to remain silent. 不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。动名词短语作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中Its no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。作表语不定式作表语：多表示一次具体的、特定的或待实现的动作His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。分词作表语：主语是人，通常用ed形式的过去分词；主语是
33、物，通常用ing形式的现在分词The result of the experiment is encouraging. 实验结果令人鼓舞。He got very excited when he heard the news. 听到这消息时，他非常兴奋。即时训练单句语法填空1It is generous of him to contribute (contribute) so much.2It is no good coming (come) before that.3Hearing (hear) how others react to the book you have just read c
34、reates an added pleasure.技巧点拨析典题如何考技巧1分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，就用非谓语动词。示例1A study of travelers (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.解析：在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应
35、填过去分词作后置定语。答案：conducted技巧2找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与设空处是逻辑上的主谓关系(主动关系)，答案一般用现在分词；如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与设空处是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系)，答案一般用过去分词。示例2Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.解析：根据句意并分析句子结构可知，the happy time与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案：spent技巧3判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序如果非谓语的动作比谓语先发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to have done/having done)，否则我们要用非谓语动词的一般式(to do)。示例3He is thought (act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.解析：be thought to do sth.表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。答案：to have acted10
