1、2022年高考英语语法复习：宾语从句+主语从句 知识点讲解与练习题汇编一、考频分析年份宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句总分2021010001.52020000011.52019000101.52018000011.52017000011.52016000011.52015000011.5总结：2019年之前，每年的语法填空必考定语从句；从2019年开始定语从句和名词性从句隔年考。二、知识讲解【宾语从句】一、定义：置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用的从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面也能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid, sure, glad等）之后
2、也可以带宾语从句。二、宾语从句中引导词的用法 从属连词（不作从句成分）：that（常可省略),whether, if 不译,可省 “是否”连接代词（在从句中作主、宾、表、定）：what, which, who, whom, whose “什么” “哪一个” “谁” 谁的 注意：what的翻译可以为“什么”、“的（东西/事情）”或不译连接副词（在从句作状语）：when, where, why, how等。 “何时”“何地”“为何”“如何、怎么”1.从属连词：that（常可省略),whether, if从属连词that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时不翻译，也不充当从句的句子成分，在非正式场合
3、下that可以省略。Eg. I think (that) you are right. 我认为你是对的。由并列连词and 和but所连接的两个或两个以上的that从句中，第一个从句的that可以省略， 但第二个及其后的从句中的that不可省略。Eg. He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he was not hungry. 他说他没有吃东西，但不饿。在含有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到后面，用it作形式宾语。可这样使用的动词有think, find, feel, consider, make, judge等。Eg. We
4、think it impossible that you can finish the job today. 我们认为你今天不可能完成这项工作。that引导的从句一般不能作介词的宾语（but, except, in除外),有时可借助it来表示。Eg.I know nothing about him except that he is a writer.除了知道他是个作家，别的我一无所知。 We depend on it that you help us with the work.我们要靠你们来帮助我们完成工作。.从属连词whether/if的区别whether和if表示“是否”，在宾语从句中
5、不充当句子成分，二者一般可以换用。Eg. I wonder whether/if there is any need to speed so much money on the party. 我想知道是否有必要花那么多钱举办这个聚会。whether引导的从句可用在介词后，if则不可。Eg. Everything depends on whether you are for it. 一切取决于你是否赞成。 I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.我还没有定下来是否回家。whether or not连用时，不可用if代替w
6、hether。 Eg. I dont care whether or not he comes. () I dont care whether he comes or not. () I dont care if he comes or not. () I dont care if or not he comes. ()在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether，不能用ifWhether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much mon
7、ey.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether后面可以加动词不定式，但是if不能I have not decided whether to go to Beijing.whether可引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”“无论”，但if不能Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.3.连接代词引导的宾语从句what, which, who, whom, whose这五个连接代词本身有词义，在从句中担任句子成分。（1
8、）who在从句中作主语，宾语和表语，whom作宾语。Eg. I asked him who came into the room. 我问他谁到屋里来过了。I cant tell whom he saw. 我说不上来他看见谁了.（在口语中常用主格who,但在介词之后只能用whom）（2）what, which和whose在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Eg. Do you know what the girls father is? 你知道那女孩儿的父亲是干什么的吗？Let me know which train youll be arriving on. 告诉我你将坐哪趟火车。The t
9、wins are so much alike that I never know which is which. 这对双胞胎长得那么相像,我老弄不清谁是谁.I wonder whose is better. 我想知道谁的更好一些。（3）what(=the thing/things that)， 意思是“的事物/的事情”，所引导的从句相当于“先行词+定语从句”。Eg. Icant dowhatyou asked me to do. 我不能做你要求我做的事。She did whatshe could to help the poor. (= She did all that she could t
10、o help the poor.) 她尽力帮助穷人。4.连接副词引导的宾语从句 when, where, how, why这四个连接副词本身有词义，分别表示时间、地点、方式及原因，在从句中作状语。Eg. Do you know when they got married? 你知道他们什么时候结的婚吗？ I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. 我很想知道他是谁，从哪儿来，来干什么。5.wh- + ever引导的从句（1）whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等词引导名词性从句，表示“任何
11、的人或东西”，在从句中一般作主语和宾语，whatever和whichever也可作定语。在语法作用上，相当于“先行词+ 关系代词”（whatever= anything that; whoever= anyone who）。Eg. Ill just say whatever comes to my mind. 我想到什么就说什么.(Ill just say anything that comes to my mind.） The information will be useful to whoever takes over the job. 这一信息将对任何接受这项工作的人有用。=The i
12、nformation will be useful to anyone who takes over the job. Take whichever seat you like. 你愿坐哪儿就坐哪儿。（2）这类词还可引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论”，相当于“ no matter + wh-”。 Eg. Keep calm, whatever happens. 不管发生什么事，要保持镇静。 Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him Im busy. 不管谁要找我接电话，就说我正忙着呢。 6.如何选择正确的引导词？ Step1. 判断有
13、两个谓语，并且不用并列连词；Step2. 分析主句成分，判断主句缺宾语； Step3. 判断从句是否缺少成分； 若从句不缺少成分则选择that或者if、whether，若缺少“是否”含义，则选择if或者whether，否则选that； 若从句缺少成分，则根据句义选择相应的连接代词、连接副词(作状语)等词（关键是看翻译）。例题讲解Police have found_ appears to be the lost ancient statue.第一步：整个句子有两个谓语have found和appears，不用并列连词（如果使用并列连词，导致两个谓语会共用主语，即 Police have foun
14、d and police appears，主谓的数量不一致，不正确）第二步：found后面缺少宾语，为宾语从句第三步：从句缺少主语，应该填写连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose最后看翻译：警察找到了疑似遗失的古老雕像的东西。用what三、宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态课根据实际情况而定。（“主现从实际”）Eg. He says that he wants a haircut. He says that he is watching TV. He says that he left his
15、 book in the desk. He says that he will come back soon.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（“主过从过”）Eg. He said that he wanted a haircut. He said that he was watching TV. He said that he had left his book in the desk. He said that he would come back soon.3. 但当宾语
16、从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。（“真理永现”）Eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.4. 如何选择正确的从句时态？ Step1. 确定主句时态； Step2. 找出从句的时间关键词； Step3. 按照口诀“主现从实际、主过从过、真理现”进行选择相应的时态。My friend hadnt decided if he _ (go) on a trip to Wuxi on holiday.解题步骤：第一步，主句时态过去完成时，则从句也是过去有关的时态第二步，if引导主将从现，原本需要用will go第三步，wil
17、l go的过去形式为would go四、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都运用陈述句语序，即“主语在前，谓语在后”。I didnt know _ and _A. whats his name; how old he is B. what his name was; how old he wasC. what his name is; how is he old D. that was his name; he was how old第一步：所有的从句都要陈述语序，即主语+谓语动词，则只有B正确。【拓展】这个考点主要是应用于听说考试（Part B的翻译部分）他是谁？Who is
18、 he？（普通问句，不用从句的语序）你知道他是谁吗？Do you know who he is?(问句中含有从句，从句的语序为陈述语序)【听说考试最难的翻译复合疑问句】觉得/认为+句子？例如：你妈妈认为英国人是几点喝下午茶？When does your mother think Englishmen have afternoon tea? (从句的特殊疑问词提到句首)【主语从句】一、定义：充当主语的从句eg. (What you like) is different.二、考点：引导词（多数要翻译）（引导词同宾语从句，去if） 从属连词：thatwhether 不翻译，+肯定内容“是否”+有疑问
19、内容 连接副词： whenwherewhyhow （+ever） “什么时候”“哪里” “为什么”“怎么”、“多么”+形容词/副词连接代词：what which whowhom whose （+ever） “什么、的(东西)” “哪一个”“谁” “谁”“谁的”他迟到了让我很生气。That he was late made me very angry.他为什么迟到不重要。Why he was late is not important.他迟到多久很重要。How long he was late is important.他喜欢什么不清楚。What he likes is unclear.他想要的
20、是一个手表。What he wants is a watch.他是否要来还不清楚。Whether he will come is unclear.三、常考句型主语从句+谓语，此时的从句过长，需要后置，用形式主语it代词主语从句的位置。例：How long he was late is important. _ is important how long he was late. 缺主语，使用形式主语it1. 主语从句+be+形容词It +be+形容词+主语从句类似的形容词：true, good, important, funny, strange, natural, interesting,
21、necessary, possible, clear=obvious, likely, wonderful, astonishing, surprising, worth-while, certain, unusual等Eg. It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It is essential thathe should be here by the weekend.It seems obviousthat we cannot go on like this.It is necessary thatyou（should）master
22、the computer.2. 主语从句+be+名词It +be+名词+主语从句That he won the game is a fact. It is a fact that he won the game.类似的名词：a fact/truth, good news，a pity，no wonder等Eg. It is a mystery to me howit all happened.It is common knowledge thatthe whale is not a fish.It is no surprisethatBob should have won the game.3
23、. 主语从句+be+过去分词It +be+ done +主语从句That he was a great writer is well-known. It is well-known that he was a great writer.类似的过去分词: known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out, reported, said等Eg. It is used to be th
24、ought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.4. It seems不及物动词（happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / occurred ）that 主语从句不可提前。Eg. It makes no difference whetherhe will attend the meeting
25、 or not. It does not matter ifI missed my train.It happened thatI saw him yesterday.三、随堂练习宾语从句一、用if/whether/that填空1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine.2. The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.3. I dont know _ to go or st
26、ay.4. _ that is true, what should we do?5. _ they will ever become future scientists only time will tell.6. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 二、单项选择（时态、语序、引导词）( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. takeC. takes D. will take ( ) 2 C
27、atherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she couldC. she can D. she may( )
28、5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled( ) 6 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 7 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 8 I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. th
29、at B. what C. which D. who ( ) 9 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he beC. he will be D. will he be( ) 10 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 三、单句语法填空1. It depends on _ it will be fine tomorrow.2. I remember _ this use
30、d to be a quiet village.3. -Do you remember_ he came? - Yes, I do, he came by car.4. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.5. These pictures show you _ our village looks like.6. 2015全国卷As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cy
31、cle work on most days. 7. 2014广东 I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 8. Could you tell me _ she is looking for? Her cousin, Susan. 9. 2010湖南For one thing, parents have time to think about _ they want to say before they write.10. I h
32、ardly understand_ he has told me.11. His speech is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ he is trying to express. 12. After _ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. 13.I am sure that if it came to that point, he would do _ is expected of him. 14. The
33、Grand Theater is located on one corner of _ is called the Peoples Square.15.We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. 16. Mary wrote an article on_the team had failed to win the game. 17. 2015南通一调Cooperative learning allows us to have more chances to acquire_is beneficial to o
34、urselves. 18. The teacher began to talk to us about the French language，saying it was the most beautiful tongue in the world，and_we must keep it among us and never forget it. 19. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter_you have lived there for a short or a long time. 20. Reading h
35、er biography(自传),I was lost in admiration for_Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 四、翻译1. 我们的老师说地球围绕太阳转动。_2. 老师想知道他为什么上学迟到了。_3. 学生们知道他们应该努力学习。_4. 他不知道爷爷是否喜欢那份礼物。_5. 她认为我们应该给她提供完美的服务。_主语从句一、单项选择1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ h
36、er hair was turning gray.A. while B. that C. if D. for3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has notbeenknown D. have not known4. _he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expecte
37、d B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who8.Its uncertain _ the experi
38、ment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. How9._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That11._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whet
39、her12._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where二、单句语法填空1. _ Tom liked to eat was different from what you had expected.2. _ the experiment is worth doingisuncertain.3. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.4. Its obvious to the students_they sho
40、uld get well prepared for their future.(天津卷)5. _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.6. It is our responsibility, so _ I dont want now is to push it to the students.7. _ he misunderstood my position on the problem was obvious from his comments.8. _
41、we call the Chinese Dream wont come true until the realization of the great renewal of the Chinese nation.9. _ you dont like him is none of my business.10. _ well go camping depends on the weather tomorrow.11. _ she comes or not makes no difference.12. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth
42、 praising.13. As the spokeswoman said, _ we should take action against them depends on what they will do.14. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter_you have lived there for a short or a long time.15._fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences fro
43、m one aspect.16. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.17. _ will happen to us in the future remains unknown. 18. Its known to all _ the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.19. _ matters is the part we choose to act on.20. _ is certain that Mike w
44、ill not hurt others in any case.三、补充主语从句的翻译1. 他喝醉酒导致了这次事故。_ caused this accident.2. 不确定他是否能够控制他的车。_ is unsure.3. 警察将要做的事是去停下他的车。_ is to stop the car.4. 他每天看20小时动漫让他的眼睛变瞎了。_makes his eyes blind.5.我们是否应该借钱给他才是问题的重点。_is the point.四、汉译英。1. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。_2. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。_3. 他没来参加这个聚会真是一个遗憾。_4. 所有的学生都能上
45、学是他的希望。_5. 谁将去接他还没有确定。_参考答案：宾语从句：一、1. if / whether；2. whether 3. whether 4. If 5. Whether 6. that二、1-5 ADCBC 6-10 CBBAA三、1.whether；2. that；3. how；4. which；5. what6. how 7. why 8. who/whom 9. what 10. what11. what 12.what 13. what 14. what 15. When16. why/how 17. what 18. That 19. whether 20. what四、1
46、. Our teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2. The teacher wanted to know why he came to school late.3. The students know that they should learn(study) hard.4. He didnt know whether his grandpa loved that gift.5. She thinks that we should give her the perfect service. （Offer provide）主语从句一、1
47、-5CBCCD 6-10DDCAA 11-12 CB二、1. What 2. Whether 3. That 4. that 5. It 6. what 7. That 8. What9. That（不可以用Whether） 10. Whether11. Whether 12. Who 13. whether14. whether 15. That16. who 17. What 18. that 19. What 20. It三、1. That he was drunk2. Whether he can control his car3. What the police will do4.
48、That he watches cartoon 20 hours every day5. Whether we should lend him money四、1.Thathewillcometoyourhelpiscertain./It is certain thathewillcometoyourhelp2. Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.3. Thathedidntattendthepartyisapity./ It is apity thathedidntattendtheparty.4. That all the students can go to school is his hope.5. Whowillpickhimuphasntbeendecidedyet.第 12 页 共 12 页
