1、人教版高中英语同步语法精讲精练必修一 Unit 4湛江 宁舒怡 定语从句（I）一、 定义：在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。本单元要掌握的关系代词如下：that, which, who, whom, whose. 关系词常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。二关系代词的用法1. that指人、指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。The bike (that) I bought yesterday is very exp
2、ensive.（作宾语）Do you know the woman that talked with you just now.（作主语）2which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。China is a country which has the largest number of people in the world .(作主语) 中国是世界上人口最多的国家。The car (which) my father had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.(作宾语) 我父亲刚买的小汽车在地震中被损坏了。3who指人，
3、在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。The man who is talking with my father is my uncle.(作主语)正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是我叔叔。The professor who(whom/that) you wish to see has gone abroad.(作宾语)你希望见到的那位教授出国了。4whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，He is the man (whom) you are looking for.(作宾语)他就是你正在寻找的那个人。The woman (whom) you saw just now in the
4、classroom is our English teacher.(作宾语)你刚才在教室里看见的那位女士是我们的英语老师。5whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。This is the boy whose father is a doctor.(作定语，指人) 这就是那位父亲是医生的男孩。He lives in a room whose window faces south.(作定语，指物)他住在一个窗子朝南的房间里。三关系代词that与which指物时用法区别：（一）只用that不用which的情况1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything
5、, little, much等不定代词或由every, all, any, few, much等修饰时。Have you set down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。2当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited Guangzhou was the Bai Yun Mountain.在广州他们参观的第一个地方是白云山。3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the worst film that I
6、have ever seen.这是我看过的最难看的电影。4当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。The only subject that I am not interested in is maths.我唯一不感兴趣的科目是数学。5当先行词前面有who, which等疑问词时。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个人是谁？Which is the hotel that you sta
7、yed at last week?上周你住的是哪一家旅馆？6当先行词既指人，又指物时。The teacher asked us to talk about the persons and things that we saw during our trip 老师叫我们谈一谈我们旅途中所看到的人和事。（二）只用which ,不用that的情况1）非限制性定语从句中指物 2）指代前面整个句子 3）关系词前有介词4）一个句子中含有两个定语从句，已使用一个关系代词that,另一个则用which四指人时只能用who 不用that 的情况：先行词为one,ones,those,anyone,he 时Tho
8、se who break the law must be punished.违法者必将受到惩罚。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。特别提示：当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词形式要与先行词形式一致，例如：1.Those who have finished work may go home.2.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 对应练习(原创题）一 填空。在每个空格上填上一个合适的关系词。1. Look at that boy _ name is
9、 Mike. 2. He is a teacher _ we like very much.3. Those _ were late for school stay here after class.4. That is all the money _I have. 5. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. 6. You can read any book _I have in the room,but you cant take any out of it.7Anyone didnt attend the meeting yes
10、terday must give his reason.8On the train I saw a little girl was crying .9This is the most interesting movie _ I have ever seen.10The pen you bought yesterday is the same as mine11.The apples _ are in this basket are as big as in that one.12.The man_ you shook hands with is my brother.13.The old ho
11、use _ windows were all broken was built in 1950s.14.He is the teacher _we should learn from.15.I will never forget the kind-hearted man _gave me a lot of help when I was in trouble.16.The radio _ parts are too small to be seen cant be repaired.17.Who is the girl_is sweeping the floor over there?18.F
12、inally,the man told me everything _he knew.19.Mr. Li is pleased with what you have given him and all_you have told him.20.Do you like the skirt _color is yellow? 二 单句改错增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用横线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。1The house which door faces to the east is mine. 2Children d
13、o well in school are liked by their teachers. 3The story that you told me it just now is interesting. 4She is one of the teachers who knows Japanese in our school. 5.The man came yesterday is our English teacher.6.The students whom are playing football on the playground are very strong.7. The teache
14、r asks us to pay attention to everything which he does.8. This is the best method which has been used against air pollution.9. She said to her parents that she would not marry anyone that she didnt love.10.The boy who glasses were broken bought a new pair yesterday.三 根据汉语提示完成句子。1. 正站在我傍边的男孩是李平。The b
15、oy_is Li Ping.2. 我们要尽快地为那些在地震中房子被毁的人提供帮助。We should help those _in the earthquake as soon as possible3. 他就是你正在寻找的那个人。He is the man_.4. 我认识那个护士，她的丈夫是医生。I know that nurse _.5. 广州是一座有2019多年历史的大城市。Guangzhou is a big city _a history of more than 2019 years.6. 他给我讲了许多我从未听过的人和事。He told me many persons and t
16、hings_.7. 刚才跟你说话的那个男子是谁？Who is the man _?8. 住在楼下的那个老人很好相处。The old man_is easy to get along with.9. 你昨天看中的房子卖掉了。The house _has been sold.10. 他想买一辆颜色是金灰色的小车。He wants to buy a car_is golden gray.参考答案一1.whose 2.(who/whom/that) 3.who 4.(that) 5.that 6.(that) 7.who 8.who/that 9.(that) 10.(that/which) 11.t
17、hat/which 12.(who/whom/that) 13.whose 14.(who/whom/that) 15.who/that 16.whose 17.that 18.(that) 19.(that) 20.whose 二1The house which door faces to the east is mine. whose2Children do well in school are liked by their teachers. who/that3The story that you told me it just now is interesting. 4She is o
18、ne of the teachers who knows Japanese in our school. know5.The man came yesterday is our English teacher. who/that6.The students who are playing football on the playground is very strong. are7. The teacher asks us to pay attention to everything which he does. that8. This is the best method which has
19、 been used against air pollution. that9. She said to her parents that she would not marry anyone that she didnt love. whom/who9. The boy who glasses were broken bought a new pair yesterday. whose 三1.who/that is standing beside me 2.whose houses were destroyed 3.who/whom/that you are looking for 4.whose husband is a doctor.5.that/which has 6.that I had never heard of.7.that spoke (talked) to you just now 8.who/that lives downstairs 9.you saw yesterday 10.whose color
