1、IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet音标国际音标元音分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。单元音双元音前元音中元音后元音/i:/,/,/e/,/:/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/辅音爆破音磨檫音鼻音半元音舌边音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/m/,/n/,/l/w/,/j/元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振 动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。
2、不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）前元音：/i:/,/,/e/,/i:/例词：he sea tree field短语：green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句：A:Would you like coffee or tea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.I have tea,too./-/i/例词：pin ship hill chicks短语：a big sh
3、ip fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句：A:Is Lily in?B:Lily is ill in bed.C:Oh,Im sorry./e/-/例词：pen head leg well短语：ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句：A:How did you spend your holiday?B:I went to Beijing.A:Was it expensive?B:Yes,very./例词：apple lantern hand parachute短
4、语：black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of fact例句：A:Ann is traveling to Japan.B:How happy she is!A:She is very happy.Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）中元音：/:/,/,/:/-/:/例词：girl bird work turn短语：early bird superb work thirsty person perfect search例句：A:He always arrives work early.B:But he wasnt early this m
5、orning.A:You werent early either./例词：teacher picture breakfast welcome短语：a glass of watera quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句：A:look at the clock！B:whats the time?A:its a quarter to seven/例词：cup run jump flood短语：hurry up!trust us!rubbish dump mustnt worry例句：A:Its sunny today.
6、B:Yes,isnt it.A:My uncle will go to London next Monday.B:How lucky he is!Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）后元音：/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/u:/例词：zoo who food blue短语：a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句：A:Look at my new shoes?B:Oh,they are beautiful.A:Your boots are beautiful,too./-/v/例词：foot wood b
7、ook push短语：good cook good book couldnt look pudding without sugar例句：A:Where did you put the book?B:Which book?A:The book you bought yesterday./:/例词：fork ball morning airport短语：four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句：A:I see two children on the blackboard.B:He is short.A:She is shorter
8、./-/例词：cock shop job hospital短语：hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot例句：A:I have a bad cough.B:You must see a doctor.A:Yes,I must go to the hospital./:/例词：car garden star guitar短语：fast car half mast heart transplant stars and bars例句：A:You look very smart today.B:Thank you.C:What a marvelous da
9、ncer you are.Let me take a photograph of you.Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/e/-/ei/例词：face rain cake wait短语：eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句：A:Its my birthday today.B:Happy birthdayA:Thank you.Come to my birthday party.And dont be late./a/-/ai/例词：sky kite
10、 write bicycle短语:white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句：A:Its a fine day today.The sun is shining brightly.B:Yes,I feel hot.I like an ice-cream now.A:Yes,I do,too./-/i/例词：boy boil noise coin短语：a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyces boyfriend例句：A:Look at my toy gun.B:Oh,what a good
11、 toy!A:Shall we join our friends in the garden?B:Yes,lets go./-/v/例词：coast throwboat toe短语：Joes coat go to the windowload and unload throw a snowball例句：A:Look!He has a boat.B:Is he going to row?A:I think so./a/-/av/例词：cow house mouth trousers短语：shout out brown mouse down town round lounge例句：A:Is she
12、 milking the cow?B:Yes,she is.A:Is the cow in he house?B:No.She is on the dairy farm./-/i/例词：ear queer zero beard短语：the atmosphere here queer skier weary mountaineer experienced engineer例句：A:Lets have some beer here.B:What a good idea!A:What shall we do after having beer?B:We shall go to the theatre
13、./e/-/例词：hair bare pear chair短语：millionaires heir mayors parentssquare chairs careful librarian例句：A:Where is my pen?B:Its over there on the chair.A:Thank you.Its really there./-/v/例词：tour poor jury gourd短语：poor tourists tour from China furious jury European gourd例句：A:I received a letter from my uncl
14、e.Hes sick with influenza.B:Im sorry.Is he still in Europe.A:Yes.Hes still working in London.B:He must speak fluent English.Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/p/例词：pig pot pond plan短语：pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句：A:Do you collect stamps?B:Yes,I do.A:Will
15、you show me your stamp album?B:Yes,they are upstairs.Let me go and fetch them./b/例词：bus bed bench brush短语：Big Ben a big bottle beautiful blouses blue butterflies例句：A:Is this your handbag?B:No,it isnt my handbag is not brown.A:What color is you handbag?B:Its black./t/例词：tie taxi tap telephone短语：tit f
16、or tattip of the tongue flat foottale-teller例句：A:Im hungry.I want something to eat.B:What about some steak?Lets go to the restaurant!A:Yes,lets go./d/例词：door doctor head wind短语：darling daughter dark red played cards listened to the radio例句：A:What did you do last night？B:I studied last night.A:Did yo
17、u study all night?B:No,I didnt.I listened to the radio for some time./k/例词：car duckclock park短语：the back of the car ask question a quarter to sixcool as cucumber例句：A:I like chocolate cakes.B:You do?Do you often have chocolate cakes?A:Yes,I do.B:If you want to keep fit,dont eat too many chocolate cak
18、es./g/例词：bag doggoat grape短语：good girl go to the grocers as good as gold get angry例句：A:Can you play the guitar?B:Yes,I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night.A:You must have had a good time last night.Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/
19、h/,/,/,/r/f/例词：laughfat fish family短语：fresh fruit fast food soft sofa feel fine例句：A:Look at Freda!She is fashionable.B:Her hat is funny.A:Look at her fur coat.Its fabulous./v/例词:vet village volcano television短语：lovely view village vet leaving arriving leaves of the vine例句：A:Whos driving the van?B:I
20、think victor is.A:Who is victor?B:He is my new neighbor,he has lived here for only a few months./例词：tooth monththin thirsty短语：three thousand Marthas birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians例句：A:My father is a mathematician.B:No wonder you are good at mathematics.A:To tell you the truth,my fathe
21、r never teaches me math./例词：father breathe that feather短语：smooth leather get together better than others another brother例句：A:Lily is taller than Mary.B:But Mary is slimmer than Lily.A:Look at them.Theyre doing physical exercise together./s/例词：sun small horse bicycle短语：sleep soundly expensive cigaret
22、tes some bookssit in the sun例句：A:These are cups.B:Those are saucers.A:Theyre nice cups and saucers./z/例词：zoo prize bees nose短语：jazz music close the windows these dayszero animal例句：A:Lets go to the zoo.B:Good.I like looking at the zebras.C:I like the monkeys there.Lets go./例词：fishsugar shoe shop短语：fa
23、shion shops friendship association British shoes washing machine例句：A:This shop sells washing-machines.B:Do they sell air-conditioners,too.A:Sure./例词：garage pleasure measure collision短语：an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure例句：A:Lily likes clothes for casual wear.B:Clothes
24、 for casual wear are comfortable,A:I like to wear them in my leisure time./h/例词：hat hard hen high短语：heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy honeymoon例句：A:There was a car accident here last Sunday.B:Oh,its horrible!A:Were you here when the accident happened?B:No,I only heard about it./例词：cheek c
25、hicken church watch短语：Chinese chess which butcher chicken and chips change much例句：A:Where are the two children?B:Theyre having lunch.A:Here are some cherries for them.B:Thank you very much./例词：jeep jug orange bridge短语：a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orange juice例句：A:I have an orang
26、e.B:Oh,your orange is large.Look!Ive got a large sandwich.A:Yes,it is a very large one./r/例词：rose lorry rubber rocket短语：American waitress a married secretary grown up children French restaurant例句：A:Rose works as a secretary at the railway station.B:She does?She is a very pretty girl.A:Yes,very.Conso
27、nants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音）/m/,/n/,/m/例词：moon home medicine mountain短语：man-made make a mistake come tomorrow middle name例句：A:Mum has come back home.B:Marvelous.A:Mom says well go and see a movie tonight.B:Yes,we certainly will./n/例词：neck tinnight noise短语：neat brandy a negative answer telephone number harde
28、n the neck例词：A:What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon!B:They are wonderful.A:Who sent it to you?B:A friend of mine./例词：ink ring sing monkey短语：ring-ding rising diphthongstrong string playing ping-pang例句：A:Do you like drinking tea?B:Yes,I do.A:We are advised to drink more tea than coffee.B:Tea is go
29、od for health.Consonants（辅音）-lateral（舌侧音）/l/例词：black light jelly lemon短语：early for lunch leg of lamb a glass of lemonade yellow jelly例句：A:Mum,is lunch ready?Im hungry.B:OK,lunch is ready.A:Whats for lunch,Mum?B:Well have lamb and potato salad./l/Consonants（辅音）-semi-vowels（半元音）/j/,/w/j/例词：yellow yach
30、t yolk year短语：yolk yellow new years day new York university a tough onion例句：A:My brother was a music student.B:What does he do now?A:He is now in Europe working as a business man./w/例词：week whale win window 短语：weight watcher weave a web weeping willow wet wind例句：A:Dont look out of the window.B:Oh,Im sorry,Im thinking of my dog.Today is a wet day.A:Do you think your dog will be lost in thewoods on a wet day?Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/ts/students coats cats boats/dz/heads reads beds hands/tr/tree truck train trace/dr/dress drink drain dream
