1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲一、情态动词的用法复习情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need,ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。1情态动词的一般用法(1)can与could表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而be able to则有更多的时态。当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。表示请求或允
2、许。此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。如:Could I come to see you tomorrow?我明天可以来看你吗?Yes,you can./No,Im afraid not.是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。(2)may与might表示请求或允许。might表示请求或允许时比 may语气更委婉,并不是其过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt,表示“不可以,禁止”。用“May I?”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用“Can I?”在口语中更常见。用于祈使句,表示
3、祝愿。如:May you succeed!愿你成功!(3)must与have to表示必须、必要。在回答由must引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用neednt或dont have to(不必)。如:Must we hand in our exercise books today?我们今天必须交练习本吗?Yes,you must./No,you dont have to/you neednt.是的,你们必须今天交。/不,你们不一定要今天交。must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,而have to 有更多的时态形式。如:
4、I had to work when I was your age.我像你这么大时,就必须工作了。(4)dare与needdare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,其过去式为dared。如:He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?他不敢在人群前说英语,是吗?need 作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,should代替。如:Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成这个工作吗?Yes,you must./No,you nee
5、dnt.是的,必须今天完成。/不,不一定要今天完成。dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。need后面只能接带to的不定式。如:He doesnt dare(to) answer.他不敢回答。He needs to finish his homework today.他今天要完成家庭作业。(5)shall与shouldshall 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?今天晚上我们做什么?shall 用于第二、三人称
6、,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:You shall fail if you dont work hard.如果你不努力就会失败。(警告)(6)will与would表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。如:Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?请问你能把那个球递给我吗?表示意志、愿望和决心。如:I will never do that again.我再也不会那样做了。would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去的习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:During the vacation,he wou
7、ld visit me every other day.假期里,他每隔一天看我一次。(7)should与ought toshould,ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。如:I should help her because she is in trouble.我应该帮她,因为她陷入麻烦了。You ought to take care of the baby.你应该照顾这个宝宝。表示劝告、建议或命令时should,ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。如:You should/ought to go to class right
8、away.你应该马上去上课。Should I open the window?我应该打开门吗?2情态动词表推测(1)can表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如:Can this be true?这可能是真的吗?This cant be done by him.这不可能是他做的。How can this be true?这怎么可能是真的?(2)may/might表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。如:Your mother may/might not know the truth.你妈妈可能不知道真相。(3)mus
9、t表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)。如:Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,你一定知道他最喜欢什么。(4)should,ought to(客观推测),must(主观推测)。如:He must be home by now.他现在一定回家了。(断定他已到家)He ought to/should be home by now.他现在应该到家了。(按理应当,不太肯定)二、used to “闯三关”1用法关used to后接动词原形,表示过去经常性或持续性的动作或状态,意为“过去常常”。如:I u
10、sed to get up very early.我过去常常很早起床。When I was young,it used to be very cold in winter.在我小的时候,冬天经常很冷。2句式关其否定形式为didnt use to do sth.或usednt to do sth.;一般疑问形式为Used sb.to do sth.?或Did sb.use to do sth.?;附加疑问句式为use(d)nt sb.或didnt sb.。3辨异关be/get used to后面接名词或动词ing形式时,表示“习惯于(做)某事”,其中to为介词;be used to后面接动词原形
11、时,表示“被用来做某事”。其中to是不定式符号。如:Im used to walking to school now.我现在习惯步行去学校。The computer is used to store information.这台电脑被用来储存信息。语法精练.用can,may,must,need或have to的适当形式填空。1You must return the book to the library on time.2I cant(not) find the way to the hospital.Could you show me the way?3Must I finish the w
12、ork right now?No,you neednt(not)You may do it later.4He said he couldnt(not) come tonight.5Her mother was ill.She had_to stay at home and look after her.6Its time for class.You must stop playing football or you may be late for class.7The cloud is lifting,so it cant(not) be a rainy day tomorrow.8The
13、desk is not dirty.You neednt clean it.9What is your mother going to do this Saturday?Im not sure.She may/might go to see my grandmother.10If the traffic light is red,you mustnt cross the road.Its dangerous.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。11We dont need to_work(work) today.12He doesnt dare to_break(break) his promis
14、e.13Some students are used to asking(ask) their parents for help when they meet trouble.14There used to_be(be) a quiet village here.15I think you will be used to living(live) in the countryside.16All of us know that cotton can be used to_make(make) cloth.17You used to_go(go) to school by bike,didnt
15、you?.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空词数不限。18这本书一定是汤姆的,他的名字在封面上。This book must_be Toms.His name is on the cover.19他被一个5岁的小男孩愚弄了,这可能是真的吗?Can_it_be true that he was fooled by a fiveyearold boy?20你的车需要维修了。Your car needs_mending/needs_to_be_repaired21这种小刀是用来切东西的。This kind of knife is_used_to_cut things.22当我年轻的时候,我常常打篮球。I used_to_play basketball when I was young.23他过去常花很多时间玩电脑游戏吗?Did_he_use_to_spend/Used_he_to_spend much time playing computer games?