1、课时分层作业(十三).单词拼写1The architect (建筑师) showed us the house design that she had drawn up.2The Natural History Museum is a superb (极好的) place for kids.3The study of the brain is often described as the next intellectual frontier (前沿)4Whats the formula for converting (使转换) pounds into kilograms?5The castle
2、 was built on top of a natural grassy mound (土堆)6Plants absorb carbon dioxide (二氧化物) from the air and moisture from the soil.阅读理解ACities are likely to be affected by overheating，thanks to something called the urban heat island effect.Cities tend to be short of trees，which provide shade，and they are
3、covered with black pavement，which absorbs heat from the sun.Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day.A black shirt absorbs light，heating you up.But a white shirt reflects light，keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be
4、 more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas.That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly.As temperatures rise，cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave.To protect public health，city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of th
5、at effort，Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal，a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)It will help Angelenos save money during the summer，when air conditioning sends power bills soaring.And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and impr
6、oving air quality.Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog，which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘)and other breathing problems.Of course，LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city.Angelenos will also need to plant more trees
7、and apply white paint to rooftopsat least those not already covered in solar panels.While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets，other cities，like New York，are already experimenting with reflective roofs or，like Melbourne，lowering the temperature by planting trees.LA is hardly alone in its effort to
8、stay cool.“This is an urgent challenge，and its much bigger than one person，” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement.“Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了洛杉矶为了在夏季让温度降低，节约开支，把城市街道刷白，增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽。1Which of the f
9、ollowing contributes to the urban heat island effect?APlanting more trees in the streets.BCovering the streets with white paint.CApplying reflective paint to rooftops.DFurnishing every house with air conditioners.D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“.trees，which provide shade，and they are covered with black pavement，whi
10、ch absorbs heat from the sun.” 树木提供阴凉，并覆盖着黑色路面，吸收太阳的热量及第四段第一句“LA will have to do.apply white paint to rooftops”可知，A、B和C可减少城市热岛效应，只有D项“每家都安装空调”能促进城市热岛效应的形成，因此D项符合题意。2What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?AHow to make the city cooler.BWhere to wear a white shirt.CWhy to coat the r
11、oads with black paint.DWhen to cut off the electricity supply.A细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“To protect public health，city officials are going to make the city cooler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。3What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?AIncreasing the indoor activities.BPromoting the sale
12、 of air conditioners.CMaking life easier and more comfortable.DReducing the number of cold days.C细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“.Los Angeles is coating its roads.by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.”分析CoolSeal的介绍可知，相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选C。4Whats the main idea
13、of the passage?ALA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.BLA calls on people to fight against global warming.CMore and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.DLA is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.D主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本篇文章介绍的是洛杉矶把城市街道刷白增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽，故选D。BBarcelona
14、s famous Sagrada Familia is finally set to get a building license to work on the still uncompleted church.This UNESCO World Heritage basilica (长方形基督教堂)，which is Barcelonas most visited tourist attraction，began building in 1882 based on a design by architect Francisco Lozano.However，when he stepped d
15、own，architect Antoni Gaudi took over the design in 1883.The building wont be finished until 2026one hundred years after the architect was killed by a streetcar in the city.His body was buried in a room under the floor of the Sagrada Familia.To get its paperwork rubber stamped，the church authorities
16、have agreed to finally pay the government a 36 million fee for a building permit.Gaudi was told to get the paperwork processed，but the architect failed to do soproceeding with construction.The money from the churchs permit will be used to upgrade transport links and beautify the area.Gaudi played an
17、 active role in directing the construction of the Sagrada Familia until his death in 1926.He would often request that work be modified and adjusted until it was exactly what he had in mind.However, interpretation of the designs by present day architects is particularly challenging because of the nat
18、ure of the existing designs.Gaudi and his works have become symbols of Barcelona, the capital city of Catalonia, northeast Spain.The unfinished building is called a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and it is perhaps the most unique and mysterious building in the style ever constructed.The populari
19、ty of the site with tourists has helped fund the push to complete the church and pay for the paperwork.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。位于西班牙巴塞罗那的一座罗马天主教大型教堂圣家族大教堂终于获得了建筑许可，可以对这座尚未完工的教堂继续施工。5What do we know about the Sagrada Familia?AIt has been completely constructed.BIt was first designed by Antoni Gaudi.CIt will
20、get a building permit in 2026.DIt began to be built about 140 years ago.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This UNESCO World Heritage basilica，which is Barcelonas most visited tourist attraction, began building in 1882”可知，这座教堂于1882年开始建造，距今差不多有140年，但是还没有完工。故选D。6What can we infer about Antoni Gaudi?AHe wished to be burie
21、d in the church.BHe is remembered as a great architect.CHe didnt know a permit was necessary.DHe is to blame for the unfinished church.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“architect Antoni Gaudi took over the design in 1883”和“His body was buried in a room under the floor of the Sagrada Familia.”由此判断出，Antoni Gaudi作为一个著名的建
22、筑师为人们所怀念。 故选B。7What makes the Sagrada Familia so popular?AIts unusual design style.BIts two famous architects.CIts special building materials.DIts illegal construction paperwork.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The unfinished building is called a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and it is perhaps the most unique a
23、nd mysterious building in the style ever constructed.”可知，Sagrada Familia教堂以其独特的建筑风格而受到游客的喜爱。故选A。8The church managed to pay for the license Ain the support of the governmentBby reducing construction costsCwith the aid of tourist incomeDthrough donations from architectsC推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The popularity o
24、f the site with tourists has helped fund the push to complete the church and pay for the paperwork.”可知，当地旅游业的收入让教堂有了建造许可证。故选C。.阅读七选五Violent Games：Fun or Harmful?If you play lots of video games，youve probably blown a zombie(僵尸) into tiny bits. 1 Many adults worry that playing such games could make ch
25、ildren act violently in real life.Is that true?The American Academy of Pediatrics(儿科) says that violence in any kind of mediafrom TV to music to video gamespresents a risk to kids health.A number of studies have shown a link between video games and aggression，including one published in JAMA Pediatri
26、cs in 2014，which found that kids who played violent video games showed an increase in aggressive thoughts and behaviors. 2 But not all studies agree that violent games cause kids to act out.Another study replaced violent deaths with evaporation(蒸发) in a game. 3 People who played the nonviolent game
27、without any training were more aggressive afterward than people who played the violent version but learned to control themselves first.And heres an even stranger fact：When violent video games are released，people carry out fewer violent crimes！Why? 4 Steve Levitt，coauthor of the book Freakonomics，sai
28、d，“If you can make video games fun enough，then kids will stop watching TV，and theyll stop going out and creating violent disorder on the street.”What do you think? 5 AOne possible explanation：potential criminals are at home playing the new game.BThen，before playing the game，some people received trai
29、ning and others didnt.CMore than 3，000 kids answered survey questions during a twoyear period.DFor example，thinking its OK to hit someone you dont like.EHave you ever played any violent video games?FDo violent video games cause bad behavior?GSome games even pile up dead bodies.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了暴力电子
30、游戏到底是有趣还是有害。1G根据本空前的“If you play lots of video games，youve probably blown a zombie(僵尸) into tiny bits.”可知，如果你玩很多电子游戏，你可能已经把僵尸炸成了碎片，故G项(有些游戏甚至把尸体堆起来)符合语境。2D根据本空前的“which found that kids who played violent video games showed an increase in aggressive thoughts and behaviors.”可知，一个研究表明玩暴力电子游戏的孩子表现出攻击性思维和
31、行为的增加，故D项符合语境。3B根据本空后的“People who played the nonviolent game.to control themselves first.”可知，那些没有经过任何训练就玩非暴力游戏的人比那些玩暴力游戏但先学会控制自己的人在游戏结束后更具攻击性，故B项符合语境。4A根据本空前的“When violent video games are released，people carry out fewer violent crimes！Why？”可知，当暴力电子游戏发行时，人们实施的暴力犯罪更少了，这是为什么？故A项符合语境。5F根据本空前的“What do you think？”可知，你怎么认为？此处承接上文，故F项(暴力电子游戏会导致不良行为么？)符合语境。
