1、1scare v使(某人)惊恐，吓唬scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的scary adj.可怕的，吓人的2dive v(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水diver n潜水员diving n潜水3fortune n运气；命运；财富fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地4extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种target v把作为目标 n目标；对象；靶子Few players managed to get their shots on target.n.靶子The company has targeted adults as its
2、primary customers.v.把作为目标We were still right on target for our deadline.n.目标Words and Phrases知识要点1scare v使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 n恐慌，惊吓(教材P62)People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.人类本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影大白鲨加深了这种恶劣印象。例The drought is really serious，but it cant scare us.旱情确实很严重，但它吓不倒我们。知识拓展(1)sca
3、re .away/off把吓跑scare .to death把吓得要死scare sb.into doing sth.威胁/恐吓某人做某事scare sb.out of ones mind/skin把某人吓得魂不附体(2)scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的be scared of害怕(3)scary adj.可怕的，吓人的即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The high price scared away/off many possible buyers.They were scared to death when the car accident happened.Its scary(sca
4、re) to think how easily children can be hurt.一些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well小片段填空The scary scene scared the boy.He felt scared but he tried to hide his scare.(scare)知识要点2due to 由于，因为(教材P62)This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning.这不仅仅是因为
5、人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。例The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of money.这项工程由于缺乏资金而不得不放弃。知识拓展due adj.预期的；应归于；应支付be due to sb.应归于某人；应支付某人be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定要做某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The bus was due to arrive(arrive) at 5 pm.，but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog.这家餐馆的成功在很大程度上归功于它的新经理。The
6、restaurants success was largely due to its new manager.那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。That money is due to me，but I havent got it yet.知识要点3cut .off 切掉，砍掉；切断，中断(供给)；使隔绝(教材P62)Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下。例The village was cut off from the out
7、side world by heavy snow for a month.由于大雪，这个村子与外界隔绝了一个月。知识拓展cut down砍倒；减少，缩减cut in插话；插进；让某人分享利润cut out裁剪；删除cut up切碎；剁碎cut through开通(隧道)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut downIt is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.Lets cut up
8、the chicken and make some soup.他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指。He had a finger cut off by a machine while working.知识要点4rather than 而不是(教材P63)He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round.他意识到是人危害鲨鱼，而并非鲨鱼危害人。例Its what you do rather than what you say that matters.重要的是你所做的，而不是你所说的。知识拓展(1
9、)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，后接名词、代词、介词(短语)、v.ing形式及不定式。当rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与它前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)other than除之外(常用于否定句中)more than超过，多于；很，非常即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The manager rather than the workers is(be) responsible for the delay of the project.帮助那些需要帮助的人不仅需要钱，也需要爱。It takes more than money to help th
10、ose in need；it also takes love.为了欣赏风景，鲍勃愿意坐花时间长的火车，而不愿坐飞机旅行。To enjoy the scenery，Bob would spend long time on the train rather than travel by air知识要点5fortunately adv.幸运地(教材P63)Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks some became interested in understanding them.幸运地是
11、，并非每个看过大白鲨这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。例I got to the station late，but fortunately the train was still there.我到车站时已经晚了，但是幸运地是火车还没有开。知识拓展(1)fortunately for sb.某人幸运地是(2)fortunate adj.幸运的be fortunate to do sth.幸运地做某事(3)fortune n.运气；命运；财富 make a fortune发大财(4)unfortunate adj.不幸的unfortunately adv.不幸地misfort
12、une n.厄运即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子It is said that the old man made a fortune abroad by collecting old things.We have to depend on our original plan if unfortunately(fortunately) this one doesnt work out.He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyones misfortune(fortune)他很幸运有一个可爱、健康的孩子。He wa
13、s fortunate to have a lovely and healthy child.小片段填空It was fortunate of them to make a fortune by trading with foreigners.And more fortunately for them，they were supported by the government.(fortune)知识要点6attitude n(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度；姿势，姿态(教材P64)Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards s
14、harks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.用文章中的单词和短语完成这张图表，它展示了人们对鲨鱼的态度是如何变化的。例As the saying goes，attitude determines altitude.俗话说，态度决定高度。知识拓展attitude to/towards .对的态度/看法have/take a positive/negative attitude to/towards .对持肯定/否定的态度take/adopt a(n) .attitude采取的态度in a(n) .attitude以
15、的姿势即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子What is your attitude towards/to senior high students taking up a parttime job?Beauty is an attitude.It has nothing to do with age.He was kneeling by his bed in an attitude of devotion.对生活持积极态度的人更有可能成功。People who have/take a positive attitude to/towards life are more likely to succ
16、eed.Sentence Patterns重点句式1形容词(短语)作状语(教材P62)Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film.由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。句式分析：afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。例1Surprise
17、d and afraid，Tom ran out of the room.又惊又怕，汤姆从房间里跑了出去。例2One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing winds.一位妇女躺在床上，没有睡着，静听着那急急的风声。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The little match girl was walking in the street，cold and hungry(hunger)Surprised(surprise) and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.长途旅行
18、后他们三个回家了，又累又饿。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，tired and hungry重点句式2be doing .when .“正在做这时”(教材P63)In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕。句式分析：was diving when为句式“be doing.when.”，其中when是并列连词，意为“就在那时”，相当于and then或 and at the same ti
19、me。例1I was walking along the street when I heard my name called.我正在街上散步，突然听到有人喊我的名字。例2I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。知识拓展when作并列连词还用于以下句型：(1)be about to do/be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时(2)had just/ hardly done .when .刚做了这时即学
20、即练单句语法填空/完成句子I was walking(walk) along the river when I heard a boy crying for help.I had just got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。I was about to give up/on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.我正要出门购物，一位不速之客来访了。I was ab
21、out to go shopping/was on the point of going shopping when an unexpected visitor came.比赛刚刚开始，天就下起雨来。The game had just/hardly begun when it started to rain.1Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.分析：本句为复合句。主语部分中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词many people；动词believe
22、后为that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bad animals。译文：许多看过电影的人开始相信：鲨鱼吃人，是有害动物。2Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.分析：本句为复合句。the man与Peter Benchley为同位语，其后who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the man，而the book后为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the book。
23、译文：鱼鳍采割活动对大白鲨电影的原著作者彼得本奇利产生了出乎意料的影响。教材高考1People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.(2019全国卷).but the gun shots had scared the dog off.2This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning.(2018全国卷) .a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to ill
24、ness.3Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.(2020天津卷)It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.4Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks .(2020天津卷)Fortunately，curiosity and discontent dont have t
25、o be learned.5Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.(2020江苏卷)Quality counts less than attitude and efforteven a stupid joke can free others of risk and embarrassment.单句语法填空1His face was white and he looked scared(scare) to de
26、ath.2His new book is due to be published(publish) next month.3Its thrilling to see people diving(dive) into the sea from a cliff.4Fortunately(fortunate)，we have been together since the past till this moment.5Jack was working(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.6Inflation is having a disastr
27、ous effect on/upon the economy.7Targeted(target) at improving the level of English，English Corner is held once a week.8Many species are in danger of extinction(extinct) because of the destruction of their natural habitat.9What impresses me most is his friendly and enthusiastic attitude towards/to al
28、l the customers.10When it was his turn to deliver his speech，he walked towards the microphone，nervous and embarrassed(embarrass).短语填空in fear，be scared of，due to，cut off，have an effect on，be based on，come across，see .as，rather than，by mistake1Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.2S
29、orry，Tom，I took your notebook instead of mine by mistake3I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.4The bridge looked so unsafe that we all hung back in fear5Too much screen time may have an effect on childrens eyesight.6He is seen as an artist because he created such dramatic
30、 cartoons.7He got up very early this morning，for he was scared of being late.8Our success was largely due to the good cooperation of all team members.9It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting.10When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt
31、cut off from the world.课文语法填空Since the film Jaws was played in 1975，people have always been1scared(scare) of sharks.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad 2.animals(animal) that ate humans.Some people started fishing for sharks，3.killing(kill) as many as they could.At t
32、hat time，nobody cared if sharks were killed or how many were killed.People just wanted them killed.After 1975，4.the number of large sharks around America fell 5.quickly(quick) around the world.This was not only due 6.to fear of sharks，but also finning.Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Pet
33、er Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws 7.was based(base) on.In 1980，Benchley 8.was diving(dive) when he came across an awful sight.It was an area 9.where fishermen were finning，and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.He came to see people as a danger to sharks，rather than the other way round.From that day on，he 10.fought(fight) to protect sharks.
