1、2021届高考英语3500词汇(基础+提升)练08基础练(夯实基础)一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式)1.Life is a tough journey, to some extent, where you still smile and love even though you are occasionally hurt and _(背叛).【答案】betrayed【句意】生活是一段艰难的旅程，在某种程度上，即使你偶尔在其中受到伤害和背叛，你仍要微笑和爱。2.When was Tom _(咬)by a snake?It was on a Sunday when he wa
2、s taking a trip to the mountainous area.【答案】bitten【句意】“汤姆什么时候被蛇咬的？”“那是他去山区旅行时一个周日。”3.So long as you do what you can, no one will _(责怪)you even if you might fail in the future.【答案】blame【句意】只要你尽力而为，即使将来可能失败也不会有人责怪你。4.We have a tight _(预算)and every penny counts.【答案】budget【句意】我们的预算很紧，每一分钱都很重要。5.You have
3、 to _(权衡)the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages. 【答案】balance【句意】你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。6.What kind of first aid should you perform in this situation where your nose is _(出血)?【答案】bleeding【句意】在鼻子出血的情况下，你应该做什么急救？7.The concert will be b_ live tomorrow evening.【答案】broadcast【句意】音乐会明晚将现场直
4、播。8.Could I b_ your car to pick up a friend from the airport this afternoon as mine is broken?Sorry, but I will be using a my car at that moment.【答案】borrow【句意】“我的车坏了，今天下午我可以借你的车去机场接一个朋友吗？”“抱歉，到那时我正在用车。”9.Take these pills with b_ water, and you will get better soon.【答案】boiled【句意】用开水服下这些药，你很快就会好的。10.W
5、e should not have to b_ down to anyone. 【答案】bow【句意】我们不必向任何人示弱。11.The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours b_ it was brought under control.【答案】before【句意】大火持续了24小时才得以控制住。12.I feel I am as well-behaved and as careful as my desk-mate, but how come I always fall b_?【答案】behind【句意】我觉得我和我的同桌一样做的好，一样细心，但为什么我总
6、是落后呢？。13.They could hear each others cocks crow and dogs b_. 【答案】bark【句意】鸡犬之声相闻。14.John accepted the championship award on b_ of the team.【答案】behalf【句意】约翰代表球队接受了冠军奖励。15.Scientists have many theories about how the universe come into b_ .【答案】being【句意】关于宇宙是如何形成的，科学家有很多的理论。16.We do not like to b_ with y
7、ou about the prices. 【答案】bargain【句意】我们不想就价格问题与你讨价还价。17.We drew this conclusion on the b_ of research and experiments.【答案】basis【句意】我们是在研究和实验的基础上得到了这个结论的。18.He went to his neighbour to _ for some milk to feed the motherless baby. 【答案】beg【句意】他找街坊邻居讨了一些牛奶来喂养那个没娘的孩子。19.Its very considerate of you to shar
8、e your experience so that others may b_ from it.【答案】benefit【句意】和别人分享你的经历以便于别人可以从中受益，你真是太体贴了。20.Its really great to have a computer to store my photos.Dont count on it too much. It can b_ down and youd better make a copy of them.【答案】break【句意】“有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。”“不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障，你最好做一个备份。”21.While cl
9、imbing up the stairs I always lose my b_. 【答案】breath【句意】我上楼时总是气喘吁吁。22.Everyone who heard it just b_ out laughing when he came out with it. 【答案】burst 【句意】当他说出这句话时，听到的人都大笑起来。23.After having been b_ in the new course reform for many years, the English teacher published over 30 books.【答案】buried【句意】在埋头于新
10、课程改革很多年后，英语老师出版了30多本书。24.B_ for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey. 【答案】But【句意】要不是下雨，我们本来应该会有一次愉快的旅行。25.The best way Tom thought of to b_ up his strength is to run for 30 minutes every day.【答案】build 【句意】汤姆考虑的最好的增强体力的方法是明天跑30分钟。二、单句语法填空(用所给单词的正确形式填空或填上恰当的单词)1.When I am faced with any ille
11、gal _(behave), my conscience will not allow me to sit there in silence.【答案】behaviour【句意】当我面对违法行为时，我的良知决不允许我沉默以对。2.I dont know whether that _(biology)is the childs _(biology)father.【答案】biologist, biological【句意】我不知道那位生物学家是不是这个孩子的亲生父亲。3.In that severe flooding, many major roads leading north, towards t
12、he areas _(bad)affected by the flooding, were largely impassable.【答案】worst【句意】在那次严重的大洪水中，许多通往北方、通往受洪水影响最严重地区的主要道路，大部分都无法通行。4.The death of the closest relatives, _ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and _(bear).【答案】unbearable【句意】最亲近的亲人的离世，正如几乎每个人都经历过的，总是让人感到痛苦不堪。5
13、.All she knew was that her friend, Jane, had a _(break)marriage. 【答案】broken【句意】她只知道她的朋友珍妮的婚姻已经破裂。6._(bore)with the _(bore)speech, some of the audience fall asleep.【答案】bored, boring【句意】许多观众厌烦了无聊的演讲，都睡着了。7.The ability to make and use tools is one of the most _(base)characteristics of what it means to
14、be human.【答案】basic【句意】制造和使用工具的能力是作为人类意味着什么的最基本的特征之一。8.The _(beautiful)of a woman doesnt lie in her appearance, but the true beauty in a woman is reflected in her soul.【答案】beauty【句意】女人的美丽不在于外表，一个女人真正的美丽反映在她的灵魂上。9.He found the dullness of his work scarcely _(bear). 【答案】bearable【句意】他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味，简直无法忍受。
15、10.Unless this approach is effective in losing weight, it is not as _(benefit)beneficial as keeping a _(balance)diet.【答案】beneficial, balanced【句意】虽然这种方法在减肥方面很有效，但是它不如保持均衡的饮食更有益。三、单句改错(每句最多有两个错误，错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改)1.He was going to take their baggages to catch the train.【答案】baggages改成baggage【解析】句中bagg
16、age是不可数名词，故把baggages改成baggage。句意：他打算带着他们的行李去赶火车。2.The weather tomorrow will be more worse than it is today.【答案】more改成much，或删除more【解析】more可以和形容词构成比较级，不能修饰比较级，故将more改成much，或将more删除。句意：明天的天气将比今天糟糕得多。3.The play is based in a true story.【答案】in改成on【解析】be based on意为“以为基础”，所以把in改成on。句意：这出戏是根据真实故事改编的。4.Aroun
17、d 15,000 officials gathered in Copenhagen, trying to map out an effective strategy to win the battle of climate change.【答案】of改成against【解析】the battle against反对/与的斗争。句意：大约15000官员聚在哥本哈根，努力制定一个有效的应对气候变暖的策略以取得与气候变化斗争的胜利。5.The poor old man made a living by begging food from door to door.【答案】在begging后加for【
18、解析】beg for “请求，乞讨”。句意：那位可怜的老头靠挨家挨户乞讨为生。 6.Let me, in behalf of our president Mr. Johnson, wish you a happy journey.【答案】in改成on【解析】句意：请允许我代表我们的总裁约翰逊先生，祝您旅途愉快。on behalf of意为“代表”，故把in改成on。7.The poor boy sang a song called Dont Cry, which made the audience on the spot burst into crying.【答案】into改成out或cryi
19、ng改成tears【解析】burst into tears=burst out crying。句意：可怜的男孩唱了一首叫“不要哭”的歌，现场的观众都哭了起来。8.It was so cold that they had the fire burnt all night long.【答案】burnt改成burning【解析】“have +宾语+ 现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行，所以把burnt改成burning。句意：天气太冷了，他们让火着了一整夜。9.The cam
20、p is in the bottom of a mountain close to a beautiful river.【答案】in改成at【解析】at the bottom of在的底部。句意：营地在靠近一条美丽河流的山脚下。10.Which driver was to be blame for the accident?【答案】删除be【解析】be to blame“受到责备”，用主动形式表示被动意义，故删除be。句意：事故应该归咎于哪个司机？11.Reading is benefit to our study.【答案】在benefit前面加of或benefit改成beneficial。【
21、解析】be of benefit to=be beneficial to对有益。句意：阅读对我们的学习有益。12.It seems that Mr. Smith is a bit of angry with you.【答案】删除of【解析】a bit of修饰名词；a bit修饰形容词，故删除of。句意：似乎史密斯先生对你有点生气了。13.They often bargain their boss over the pay and the job to be done.【答案】bargain后加with【解析】bargain with与讨价还价。句意：他们常常与老板就工资和要做的工作讨价还价。
22、14.He kept his balances with his arms on top of the wall.【答案】balances改成balance【解析】balance是不可数名词，后面不能加“s”，故balances改成balance。句意：他把手臂放在墙上保持平衡。15.I bare have time to think, much less relax with a cup of tea.【答案】bare改成barely【解析】barely很少，几乎没有。句意：我几乎没有时间去思考，更不用说喝一杯茶放松一下了。16.Hell bear the beautiful girl on
23、 mind forever.【答案】on改成in【解析】bear sb./sth. in mind把某人/某事记在心里。句意：他将永远把这美丽的女孩记在心里。17.It was some time since the door opened in response to his ring. 【答案】since改成before 【解析】before过了多久后才。句意：他按完门铃后过了一会儿门才开。18.Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on the behalf of him.【答案】删除the【解析】on behalf of意为“代
24、表”，故删除the。句意：肯不在，所以我代表他接受奖品。19.Buried himself in his research, he didnt notice a stranger come in.【答案】Buried改成Burying或删除himself【解析】Burying后面有宾语himself，(be)buried in=burying oneself。句意：由于专心致志于他的研究工作，他没有注意到有个陌生人进来。20.The police found that the house had been broken, a lot of things stolen.【答案】broken后加i
25、nto【解析】break into闯入。句意：警方发现这座房子已被(非法)强行闯入并且很多东西被盗了。21.The old man held breath when he saw a tiger walking towards him.【答案】breath前面加his【解析】hold ones breath屏住呼吸，故在breath前加his。句意：老人看见一只老虎向他走来，屏住了呼吸。22.She blamed her husband on the failure of their marriage.【答案】on改成for【解析】blamefor把归咎于，因此把on改成for。句意：她把婚姻
26、失败归咎于丈夫的责任。23.The reader who has spent serious effort on a problem may benefit the effort even if he doesnt succeed in solving the problem.【答案】benefit后面加from【解析】句意：在一个问题上付出认真努力的读者即使没有成功地解决这个问题，也可能会从付出的努力中获益。benefit from为固定搭配，意为“得益于”。故benefit后加from。24.I was shocked to find what the physics teacher ta
27、ught was totally below my understanding and I lost my confidence completely.【答案】below改成beyond【解析】beyond超出。句意：我惊讶地发现物理老师教给我们的东西完全超出了我的理解能力，我完全失去了信心。25.When my mom saw the pleasant gift I had prepared for her, she burst out laughter.【答案】out改成into或laughter改成laughing【解析】burst into laughter=burst out lau
28、ghing。句意：当我的母亲看到我为她准备的令人高兴的礼物时，她突然笑了起来。提升练(对接高考)一、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I was sending my mum and sister off at the train station after their holiday visit. On the way I saw a man in a 1 in an empty place. It looked like he wasnt 2 shoes. 3 saying goodbye to my family, I wen
29、t back to the place and he was there. His chair was on the incline(斜坡)leading to the street and it looked like he was 4 with his bare feet to keep from 5 into the street.I asked if he wanted me to 6 him back up. He nodded. I asked him to 7 his feet and pulled him back up into the place. He didnt ans
30、wer me when I asked if this was 8 enough. Then, I opened the box I had 9 with me. It was a shoe box with an old pair of shoes that I had kept in my car. When I passed the shoes to him, you could have imagined the 10 on his face. First it was 11 ; and then it was happiness. When he spoke, I couldnt 1
31、2 what he said, but I knew he was thanking me 13 .On the way back to my car I saw a couple who were badly 14 and gave them a couple of my. 15 bags. As I drove past the 16 man, I saw he had already 17 one shoe and was working on the other.Keeping old pairs of shoes and unused bags in my car for 18 li
32、ke this is so much more important than 19 them out or selling them at a yard 20 .【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在送完亲人之后，在回来的路上帮助了一位坐在轮椅上的人，并送给他一双随身携带的鞋子，然后又给了一对贫穷的夫妻没有用过的袋子的故事。作者在帮助别人的过程中领会了助人为乐的快乐。1. A. carB. restaurantC. wheelchairD. room【答案】C【解析】A. car汽车；B. restaurant餐馆；C. wheelchair轮椅；D. room房间，空间。根据下文H
33、is chair was on the incline可知，这个人坐在轮椅上。故选C。2. A. repairingB. wearingC. makingD. cleaning【答案】B【解析】A. repairing修理；B. wearing穿着，戴着；C. making制造；D. cleaning打扫。根据下文with his bare(赤裸的)feet可知，他没有穿鞋。故选B。3. A. AfterB. BeforeC. DuringD. While【答案】A【解析】A. After在之后；B. Before在之前；C. During在期间；D. While当时候。根据I went ba
34、ck to the place and he was there可知，作者在与家人告别之后，又回到了之前那个坐轮椅的人所在的地方。故选A。4. A. walkingB. competingC. dashingD. struggling【答案】D【解析】A. walking散步，走路；B. competing竞争；C. dashing猛冲；D. struggling奋斗，争取，艰难地行进。根据His chair was on the incline(斜坡)leading to the street可知，那个人的轮椅在斜坡上，因此他在努力防止椅子滑到街上。故选D。5. A. slidingB. b
35、reakingC. turningD. bursting【答案】A【解析】A. sliding滑行，滑动；B. breaking破坏；C. turning转动，转身；D. bursting突然爆发。根据His chair was on the incline(斜坡)leading to the street可知，他要防止轮椅滑倒街上。故选A。6. A. pushB. pullC. teachD. hit【答案】B【解析】A. push推；B. pull拉；C. teach教；D. hit碰撞，打，击。根据下文pulled him back up into the place可知，此处是信息词p
36、ull的词汇复现。故选B。7. A. look outB. take offC. put onD. pick up【答案】D【解析】A. look out当心；B. take off脱掉，起飞；C. put on穿上，上演，增加(体重)；D. pick up举起，提起。作者让那个人把脚抬起来，来帮助他把轮椅拉回原处。故选D。8. A. longB. highC. farD. wide【答案】C【解析】A. long长的；B. high高的；C. far远的；D. wide宽的。作者帮忙把轮椅往回拉，因此要拉到足够远的地方，防止轮椅滑倒街上。故选C。9. A. broughtB. takenC.
37、 boughtD. borrowed【答案】A【解析】A. brought带来；B. taken拿走，取走；C. bought买；D. borrowed借。根据下文It was a shoe box with an old pair of shoes that I had kept in my car.可知，这个鞋盒是作者随身携带的。故选A。10. A. dirtB. lookC. markD. injury【答案】B【解析】A. dirt污物，尘土；B. look表情；C. mark标记；D. injury伤害。根据下文then it was happiness可知，作者在此处描述的是那个人
38、的表情变化。故选B。11. A. sadnessB. disappointmentC. SufferingD. surprise【答案】D【解析】A. sadness悲伤；B. disappointment失望；C. suffering痛苦；D. surprise惊讶。一个陌生人在帮助自己之后，还送给自己一双鞋，第一反应是感到很惊讶。故选D。12. A. recordB. believeC. understandD. miss【答案】C【解析】A. record记录；B. believe相信；C. understand理解；D. miss错过，思念。But前后为转折关系，根据下文but I k
39、new he was thanking me可知，作者不太理解那个人说的话。故选C。13. A. trulyB. doubtfullyC. clearlyD. curiously【答案】A【解析】A. truly真诚的；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. clearly清楚地；D. curiously好奇地。作者虽然听不懂他说的话，但是能感受到真诚地感谢。故选A。14. A. onB. offC. downD. away【答案】B【解析】A. on穿在身上；B. off离开(某处)；C. down向下；D. away不在，离开。badly off为固定短语，意为“穷困的，境况不佳的”。故选
40、B。15. A. unusedB. wornC. newD. fashionable【答案】A【解析】A. unused没用过的；B. worn用旧的，筋疲力尽的；C. new新的；D. fashionable时尚的。根据下文unused bags in my car可知，此处是信息词unused的词汇复现。故选A。16. A. oldB. homelessC. firstD. fortunate【答案】C【解析】A. old老的；B. homeless无家可归的；C. first第一；D. fortunate幸运的。根据one shoe and was working on the othe
41、r可知，作者开车经过第一个帮助的人身边。故选C。17. A. put onB. turn offC. change intoD. give away【答案】A【解析】A. put on穿上，增加(体重)，上演。B. turn off关上；C. change into(使)变为；D. give away捐赠。根据上文When I passed the shoes to him和was working on the other可知，作者送给那个坐轮椅的人一双鞋，因此此时正在穿其中的一只鞋。故选A。18. A. accidentsB. situationsC. troublesD. behavior
42、s【答案】B【解析】A. accidents事故，意外；B. situations情况；C. troubles麻烦；D. behaviors行为。作者把鞋子和没用过的袋子放在车里都是为了在上面这些情况下给别人提供帮助。故选B。19. A. takingB. lettingC. leavingD. throwing【答案】D【解析】A. taking拿走；B. letting让；C. leaving离开；D. throwing扔掉。根据selling them可知，如果不是用于帮助别人，通常这些东西都是会被扔掉或者卖掉的。故选D。20. A. saleB. amusementC. partyD.
43、 game【答案】A【解析】A. sale出售，销售；B. amusement娱乐；C. party聚会，派对；D. game游戏。根据selling them可知，设空处所填的词跟销售相关。故选A。二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The other day my father drove me to school as usual. When we arrived, it began to rain heavily but we only had one raincoat. My father insisted I 1 (wear)it. Even
44、 though I would rather my father 2 (put)it on, I didnt insist because I knew it would put him in a bad temper. Anyway, I did my 3 to use my raincoat to prevent him 4 (get)wet. I was so moved by his sacrifice that I cried.The rain reminded me 5 how much my father loved me. When I was in primary schoo
45、l, I 6 (perform)poorly in tests but my father always encouraged me. Sometimes I want to join clubs or go on school trips. He always supports me since he thinks such activities are 7 (benefit)to me, where I can 8 (broad)my horizons.I love my father, 9 I am at a loss how to show it. Many students have
46、 the same problem. We love and care for our parents, but we dont know 10 we can do to help them.【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。文章记叙了我与我的父亲在雨天相互关心的事。1.【答案】wear【解析】考查虚拟语气。insist“坚持”，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要使用(should) do，故填wear。句意：我父亲坚持要我穿。2.【答案】had put【解析】考查虚拟语气。我宁愿我父亲穿上，为对过去的期望，用would rather sb. had done，故填had put。句意：尽管我宁愿我父亲穿
47、上它，但我没有继续坚持，因为我知道这会让他发脾气。3.【答案】best【解析】考查动词短语。do ones best尽力，故填best。4.【答案】getting【解析】考查非谓语动词。prevent sb. doing为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，故填getting。句意：无论如何，我尽力用我的雨衣来防止他淋湿。5.【答案】of【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。reminded sb. of 为固定搭配，意为“使某人回忆起某事”，故填of。句意：雨使我想起我父亲是多么爱我。6.【答案】performed【解析】考查动词的时态。根据when I was in primary school可知
48、，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时，故填performed。句意：我上小学的时候，考试成绩很差，但父亲总是鼓励我。7.【答案】beneficial【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。be beneficial to对有益，古填beneficial。8.【答案】broaden【解析】考查词性转换(动词)。情态动词can后接动词原形，故填broaden。句意：他总是支持我，因为他认为这样的活动对我有益，在那里我可以开阔我的视野。9.【答案】but【解析】考查连词。上下文为转折关系，故填but。句意：尽管我爱我的父亲，但我不知该如何表达。10.【答案】what【解析】考查名词从句。分析句子，此处
49、为宾语从句，从句缺失do的宾语，应使用what引导，指代“我们能做的事情”。what we can do to help them意为“我们能做什么去帮助他们”，故填what。句意：我们爱和关心父母，但我们不知道我们能帮助他们什么。三、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处
50、，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I am interested at swimming very much. At the beginning, I went swimming just to keep health. Now my dream is to swim for my country in the Olympics. Practicing in the pool is very bored, therefore I still work very hard in order to realize my dream. Because my hard work, I have alrea
51、dy come first in much important competitions. In the competitions, Ive made lot of friends and were very close. Its much easier to have friends which are swimmers they but also have to get up early to practice like me and they understand this kind of life.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述作者学习游泳的经历。1.【答案】at改为in【解析】
52、考查动词短语。be interested in意为“对感兴趣”，其中介词是in，而不是at，故将at改为in。句意：我对游泳很感兴趣。2.【答案】beginning前加the【解析】考查介词短语。句意：起初，我去游泳只是为了保持健康。at the beginning意为“起初，最初”，短语中有定冠词the，故在beginning前加the。3.【答案】health改为healthy【解析】考查形容词。句意：起初，我去游泳只是为了保持健康。系动词keep意为“保持”，后面接形容词作表语，名词health意为“健康”，形容词healthy意为“健康的”，故将health改为healthy。4.【答
53、案】bored改为boring【解析】考查非谓语动词。bored意为“厌烦的”，表达心理感受；boring意为“令人厌烦的”，表示事物的特征，本句中表达在游泳练习令人厌烦，故将bored改为boring。5.【答案】therefore改为but【解析】上下文为转折关系，故把 therefore改为but。句意：虽然在游泳池练习很无聊，但我仍然努力工作，以实现我的梦想。6.【答案】because后加 of【解析】考查介词短语。连词because意为“因为”，后面接句子；固定短语because of意为“因为，由于”，其中of是介词，其后面搭配名词或名词短语，because of 后接“my ha
54、rd work”是名词短语，故在because后加of。7.【答案】much改为many【解析】考查形容词。competition意为“比赛”，是可数名词，复数形式是competitions，因此，表达“许多”比赛，应该用形容词many修饰competitions作定语，而不是much。故将much改为many。句意：因为我的努力，我已经在很多重要的比赛中取得了第一名。8.【答案】lot改为lots或者lot前加a 【解析】考查固定短语。固定搭配lots of或者a lot of意为“很多，大量的”，故将lot改为lots或者lot前加a。句意：在比赛中，我交了很多朋友，我们很亲密。9.【答案】which改为who【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是friends是人，因此关系代词应该用who而不是which，故将which改为who。10.【答案】but改为because 【解析】考查连词。上下文不是转折关系，而是因果关系，故把but改为because。句意：很容易交到游泳爱好者朋友，因为他们也要像我一样早起练习，而且他们理解这种生活。
