1、【导读】老人与海是美国作家海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，于1952年出版。小说围绕一位老年古巴渔夫与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。这篇小说相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖，从而奠定了海明威在世界文学中的突出地位。The Old Man and the Sea (excerpt)He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eightyfour days now without taking a fish.In the
2、first forty days a boy had been with him.But after forty days without a fish the boys parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao，which is the worst form of unlucky，and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week.It made
3、 the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast.The sail was patched with flour sacks and，furled，it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.Th
4、e old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck.The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks.The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deepcreased scars from handling heav
5、y fish on the cords.But none of these scars were fresh.They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.“Santiago，” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff
6、 was hauled up.“I could go with you again.Weve made some money.”The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.“No，” the old man said.“Youre with a lucky boat.Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eightyseven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks
7、.”“I remember，”the old man said，“I know you did not leave me because you doubted.”“It was papa made me leave.I am a boy and I must obey him.”“I know，” the old man said.“It is quite normal.”老人与海(节选)他是个独自在湾流中一条小船上钓鱼的老人，至今已去了八十四天，一条鱼也没逮住。头四十天里，有个男孩子跟他在一起。可是，过了四十天还没捉到一条鱼，孩子的父母对他说，老人如今准是十足地“倒了血霉”，这就是说，倒霉
8、到了极点，于是孩子听从了他们的吩咐，上了另外一条船，头一个礼拜就捕到了三条好鱼。孩子看见老人每天回来时船总是空的，感到很难受，他总是走下岸去，帮老人拿卷起的钓索，或者鱼钩和鱼叉，还有绕在桅杆上的帆。帆上用面粉袋片打了些补丁，收拢后看起来像是一面标志着永远失败的旗子。老人消瘦而憔悴，脖颈上有些很深的皱纹。腮帮上有些褐斑，那是太阳在热带海面上反射的光线所引起的良性皮肤癌变。褐斑从他脸的两侧一直蔓延下去，他的双手常用绳索拉大鱼，留下了刻得很深的伤疤。但是这些伤疤中没有一块是新的。它们像无鱼可打的沙漠中被侵蚀的地方一般古老。他身上的一切都显得古老，除了那双眼睛，它们像海水一般蓝，是愉快而不肯认输的。“
9、圣地亚哥，”他们俩从小船停泊的地方爬上岸时，孩子对他说。“我又能陪你出海了。我家挣到了一点儿钱。”老人教会了这孩子捕鱼，孩子爱他。“不，”老人说。“你遇上了一条交好运的船。跟他们待下去吧。”“不过你该记得，你有一回八十七天钓不到一条鱼，跟着有三个礼拜，我们每天都逮住了大鱼。”“我记得，”老人说。“我知道你不是因为没把握才离开我的。”是爸爸叫我走的。我是孩子，不能不听从他。”“我明白，”老人说。“这是理该如此的。”知识积累1skiff n小划艇2furl v. 卷起3gaunt adj. 瘦削憔悴的4blotch n. 斑点5benevolent adj. 好心肠的6erosion n. 腐蚀；侵蚀7haul up 托起文化链接老人与海写的是渔夫圣地亚哥在海上的捕鱼经历：老人制服大马林鱼后，在返航途中又同鲨鱼进行惊险的搏斗。作品中的形象具有很强的象征意义，他用大马林鱼象征人生的理想和人类作为生命本身所不可避免的所具有的欲望，用鲨鱼象征无法摆脱的悲剧命运，用大海象征变化无常的人类社会，而狮子则是勇武健壮、仇视邪恶、能创造奇迹的象征，圣地亚哥则是人类中的勇士与强大势力搏斗的“硬汉子”代表，他那捕鱼的不幸遭遇象征人类总是与厄运不断抗争却无论如何都无法试图去改变命运。
