1、观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩
2、子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬
3、硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境，为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作，孩子一入园就召开家长会，给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长，要求孩子回家向家长朗诵儿歌，表演故事。我和家长共同配合，一道训练，幼儿的阅读能力提高很快。唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“
4、武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。小升初英语语法大全一、 名 词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1、
5、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：z。d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thiev
6、es；读音：z。e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 无生命的+s 读音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Ch
7、inese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤： 如是am、is或was原形 如是are或were加s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ mango_ child _photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawbe
8、rry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Herere five ( bottle )of ( juice ) for you.（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over
9、 there.二、冠 词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法： （1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the pi
10、cture, please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in t
11、he same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练：1、用a或an填空。_ice-cream _goalkeeper_ teapot_apple _unit _office _English _umbrella _hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old man has two children,_ son and_daughter.（3）This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing_guitar. We have_same hob
12、by.（5）We all had _ good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be _ doctor.三、 数 词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不
13、可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth练一练： 1、把下列基数词改成序数词。one-two- three- nine- fourteen- twenty- thirty-five-eighty-one-四、代 词代词有两种：人称代词和物主
14、代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多 用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：单数复数人称 代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheri
15、tusyouthem物主 代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_ she（形容词性物主代词）_we（名词性物主代词）_ he（复数）_us（单数）_ theirs（主格）_ its（宾格）_ 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meusour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）That is not _
16、kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they )
17、7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ p
18、arents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。 比较级：+ er 最高级：the +est两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1）一般
19、直接+er。如：tall - taller, 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later（2）末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more inte
20、resting（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall oldshort thin heavy young fatlight strong high far lowearly late well fast slow 2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as_ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.
21、2) Look! His hands are_ ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is_ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as_（slow ) as David?6) You have seven books, but I have_ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump_ ( far ) than some of the boys in my cla
22、ss.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes_ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets_and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介 词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示时间的介词有：at, on, in。
23、（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20193、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part i
24、n（参加）。练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) Whats this_ ( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is_ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well_ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds_ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet_ ( at, on, in ) the bus
25、 stop_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat_ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is_ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live_ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain_ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is good in English a
26、nd Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. 3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? 5) Womens Day is at the third of March.6) I can jog to school on the morning. 7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? 9) I
27、usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?七、动 词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）1）amwas,
28、 is was, are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat f
29、at? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。用恰当的be动词填空。 练一练：1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2）The girl_ Jacks sister. 3）The dog _ tall and fat. 4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5）_ your brother in the classroom? 6）How _ your father
30、? 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 8）Whose dress _ this? 9）Whose socks _ they? 10）Who _ I? 11）The jeans _ on the desk. 12）Here _ a scarf for you.13）Here _ some sweaters for you. 14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang.15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16）The two cups of milk _ for me.17）Some tea _ in
31、 the glass. 18）Gao shans shirt _ over there.19）My sisters name _Nancy. 20）_ David and Helen from England? 21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree.23）_there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _ some bread on the plate. 25）You, he and I _ from China.26）There _ a boy, two
32、 girls, three men and ten women in the park2、助动词（ do, does, did ）do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。练一练1、用适当的助动词填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) The girl _ like bread f
33、or breakfast.3) -What_she_ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -What_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I_.6) He_not visit a farm last National Day holiday. 7) They_ not like playing volleyball.8) _ Jim have a picnic with his fa
34、mily every Saturday? .9) _ _Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites_we have? -We have ten.3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：can not = cant, must not =
35、 mustnt, 注意：may not和shall not（无缩写形式）练一练：选择填空。() 1) The sign on the wall means you_stay away from the building. A. must B. cant C. shouldnt() 2) How many books_ you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should() 3) It means you_ make noise in the library. A. should B. shouldnt C. can() 4) -_you like a gl
36、ass of milk? - Yes, please. A. May B. Could C. Would() 5) -_you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should( ) 6)_ we go to the park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall4、行为动词 就是我们说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、
37、一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies 。（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, C、以
38、重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。（3）过去式构成规则：A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant planted, visit visited, pick picked ；B、以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“ed”，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted
39、；C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“ed”，如：try tried, carry carried, D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”，如：stop stopped ；E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成为-become-became-becoming； 开始-begin-began-beginning； 弯曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 买-buy-bought-buying； 能
40、-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 选择-choose-chose-choosing； 来-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting； 做-do, does-did-doing； 画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking； 吃-eat-ate-eating； 感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding； 飞-fly-flew-flying； 忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting； 给-g
41、ive-gave-giving； 走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing； 有-have, has-had-having； 听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting； 保持-keep-kept-keeping； 知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting； 躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making； 可以-may-might-； 意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见 -m
42、eet-met-meeting； 必须-must-must-； 放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading； 骑、乘-ride-rode-riding； 响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running； 说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should- ； 唱歌-sing-sang-singing； 坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping； 说-speak-spoke-speaking； 度过-spend-spent-spendi
43、ng；练一练：1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _go _stay _make _look _have _ pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _ study _brush _do_teach_ take_ see_2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put _give _fly _get _dance _sit_run _ plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _write _have _smoke _ think_ want_ tell_3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink
44、 _play _make _does _dance _worry _ask _taste _eat _draw _ put _throw _kick _pass_4、用动词的适当形式填空。（1）I _to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. We like _to school very much. ( go )（2）They usually _lunch at home. But last week, they _lunch atschool. ( have )（3）That _my Engli
45、sh book. It _new. But now it _not here. It _there a moment ago. ( be )（4）My sister likes _very much. She often _at our school festival. Last term, she _a lot of songs in the school hall. She _beautifully. ( sing )（5）What _ he usually _on Sunday? He usually _his homework. Look! He _his homework now.
46、_ _he _his homework last Sunday?Yes, he_. ( do )（6）Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )八、there/here be结构1、there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was、the
47、re were。here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。2、和have、has、had的区别：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） ；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。（2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定“就近原则”。 （3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 （4）there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（
48、或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 （5）some和any在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 （6）and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是 How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ （8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？ （9）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语
49、后面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1) There_ four seasons in a year. 2) There _not any trees two years ago.3) _there a post office near your school? -Yes, there_.4) -How many stops_there? -There _only one.5) There_not any stamps on the envelope.6)_ there any birds in the tree?7) There_ a shopping centre near our s
50、chool last year. But now there_ no one.8) There_only three of us: my dad, my mum and me. 9) Here_some bread for you.10) In New York, there_ a lot of rain in spring.2、选用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1) I_a good father and a good mother. 2)_ a telescope on the desk. 3)
51、 He_a tape-recorder. 4)_a basketball in the playground. 5) They_ a nice garden.6) My father_ a story-book last year. 7)_a reading-room in the building?8) What does Mike_? 9) _any books in the bookcase?10) How many students_in the classroom? 11)_a story-book on the table a moment ago.12) What do you_
52、?13) My parents_ some nice pictures.14)_ some maps on the wall. 15)_ a map of the world on the wall. 16) Davids friends_ some tents. 九、some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句） There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There arent any lamps in the
53、 study.（否定句） Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句）练一练：选用some或any填空。1) There isnt_milk in the fridge 2) I can see _ cars, but I cant see _buses.3) He has_ friends in England.4) Were there _fruit trees on
54、the farm?5) Here are _presents for you. 6) Does Tom want to take _ photos?7) Is there _rice in the kitchen? 8) There are _new buildings in our school. 9) Would you like_ cakes? No, Id not like_cakes, but Id like_coffee.10) -Are there _ pictures on the wall? -No, there arent_pictures.十、动词不定式1、to加动词原形
55、构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义。如：I want to make a New Year card.我想制作一张新年贺卡。 Would you like to have a picnic with us? 你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗？2、to保留原来动词的一些特征，它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如：To get there faster, you can take bus No.5. 想快一点到那儿，你可以坐5路车。3、to前有时带疑问词what, when, where, which, why, how等。如：Hes asking Yang Ling how to get there.
56、 他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。练一练：1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1) People would like_ _( go ) to farms in the countryside. 2) Its time_ ( have ) lunch3) I want_ ( buy ) some presents for my friends. 4) The thief began_ ( run ). 5) Please shouw me how_ ( go ) to the shopping centre. 6) Would you like_ ( join ) us?7) Dont forget
57、_ ( write ) “Happy New Year”. 8) She was very glad_ ( see ) them.9) Please remember_ ( close ) the windows before you go home.10) Im sorry_ ( hear ) that.2、圈出下列句子中的错误，并改正。1) Would you like go camping with us?2) Helen, show us how drawing a square. 3) I want to writes a letter to my penfriend. 4) Its
58、 time for us go to school. 5) Liu Tao wants to showing Peters photos to his mum.十一、动名词其实就是动词的“现在分词”。它既有“名词性质”（可作主语），又具有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：Please keep quiet in the reading room. 还有我们的一些课题：Asking the way中是“名词性质”；My hobby is collecting stamps.中是“动词性质”，带了宾语stamps.1、remember（记住）后面跟动名词，表示“记得做过某事”；跟to+动词原形，表示“记得
59、要去做某事”。如：I remember posting the letter today.我记得今天把信寄走了。Please remember to post the letter today. 请记住今天要把信寄走。2、forget（忘记）后面跟动名词，表示“忘记做过某事（实际做过）”；跟to+动词原形，表示“忘记去做某事（实际没做）”。如：I forget doing homework this morning. 我忘记今天早上做过作业了。I forget to do homework this morning. 我忘记今天早上做作业了。3、stop（停止）后面跟动名词，表示“停止做某事”
60、；跟to+动词原形，表示“停止正在做的事，而去做别的事”。如：Stop smoking, please.请不要吸烟。We are tired. Lets stop to have a rest.我们累了，让我们停下来休息一下。4、like（喜欢）后面跟动名词，表示一个人的爱好和习惯，意思是“喜欢干某事”；跟to+动词原形，常用于would like to do something，表示“某人想要、愿意干某事”。如： I like taking a walk after supper every day. 我喜欢每天晚饭后去散步。 I would like to have some chips.
61、我想要吃些薯条。练一练：1、用扩号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1)_( swim ) is not as fast as running. 2) Its sunny today. Lets go_ ( fish ).3) Do you like_( read ) English in the morning? 4) Are you good at_( dance )?5) Where is the_ ( shop ) centre? 6) Would you like to go_ ( jog ) with me?7) My hobby is_ ( play ) football. 8) Su
62、Hai likes_ ( watch ) cartoons on Sundays.2、选择扩号内动词的适当形式填空。1) Im sorry_ ( hearing, to hear ) that. 2) Jim is good at_ ( swimming, to swim ).3) Shall we go_( skating, to skate )? 4) Today, my work is_ ( looking, to look ) after the baby.5) Im going_ ( flying, to fly ) a kite in the playground.6) I lik
63、e_ ( playing, to play ) basketball after school.7) Would you like_ ( going, to go ) to the Great Wall?8) Jim is asking Liu Tao how_ ( getting, to get ) to the History Museum.十二、时间和日期的表达1、有两种时间表达法：A）直接读写数词。如：9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five 7:05 seven o five 2:25 two twenty-
64、five 5:55 five fifty-fiveB）借助past和to来表达。past一般用于30分钟以内（含30分钟）的时间表达；to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用a quarter表示，半小时可以用half表示。如：9:15 a quarter past nine 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six注意：询问时间可用句型“Whats the time?”或者“What time is it?”
65、。2、日期的表达：the+序数词+of+月份。如：the third of June六月三日 注意：询问日期可用句型“What date is it today?”或者“Whats the date today?”。练一练：1、用两种方法表达下列时间。6:45 1:58 9:053:225:508:30 2、用英语表达下列日期。五月一日 九月十日 三月八日四月五日 七月九日 八月三日一月十五日 六月二日 二月二十五日 3、同义句转换，每空一词。1) -Whats the time? -Its eleven forty-five. _is it? -Its_ .2) It s seven o f
66、ive. Its time for breakfast. Its _ _. Its time_.3) -Whats the date today? -Its 1st October. _is it today? -Its_十三、名词所有格1、有生命的名词所有格：A）单数后加“s”，如：Su Hais twin sister苏海的双胞胎妹妹 Jims family吉姆一家B）以“ s ”结尾的复数名词，只需加“ ”，如：Teachers Day教师节 the twins parentsC）不以“ s ”结尾的复数名词，则仍需加“ s ”，如：Childrens Day儿童节 注意：表示两人或几人
67、共有的物品，只需在最后一人名后加“ s ”，如：Ben and Jims book2、无生命的名词所有格，一般与“ of ”构成短语。如：a photo of his family 他家的一张照片the colour of her skirt 她的短裙的颜色练一练：翻译下列词组：大卫的叔叔 我妹妹的邮票妇女节 老师们的办公室 他笔友的信 这本书的名字 双胞胎的书房孩子们的爱好十四、句子的种类类别例句用法标点陈述句肯定This is a bag. I like spring.描述一件事情或者说明说话人的看法.类别例句用法标点陈述句否定I cant see a bag over there. I
68、dont know.描述一件事情或者说明说话人的看法.疑问句一般Are you a student? Do you like puppets?Can you speak English?用于提出问题?特殊when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what colour什么颜色；what about怎么样；what day星期几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样；how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱；how about怎么样；how f
69、ar多远选择Is your friend a boy or a girl?反意Its a fine day, isnt it?祁使句肯定Put it here.表示命令、建议或请求.或！否定Dont look at the noticeboard.感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf!How smart the scarves are! What smart scarves!表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情?练一练：1、填入适当的疑问词。1)_wallet is it? Its mine. 2)_is the Christmas
70、Day? Its on the 25th of December.3)_is the diary? Its under the chair. 4)_ is the boy in blue? Hes Mike.5)_are the earphones? They are 25 yuan. 6)_is the hair dryer? Its blue.7)_is it today? Its Sunday. 8)_was it yesterday? It was the 13th of October.9)_this red one? Its beautiful. 10)_is it from he
71、re? Its about 2 kilometres away.11) A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B:_ ? A: I want to make a kite.12)_is your cousin? Hes 15years old. 2、对划线部分提问。1) I can see eight rubbers in the box. _ can _ see in the box?2) My father is fine today. _ _ your father today?3) Liu Tao is playing football
72、in the playground._ _ Liu Tao _ in the playground?4) The films were on the ground. _ _ the films?5) The girl with big eyes is my sistersfriend._ _ _ sisters friend?6) My birthday is on the 9th of September._ _ your birthday?7) Id like a nice cake for breakfast._ _ _ like for breakfast?8) Thats Nancy
73、s skirt._ _ is that?3、按要求改写句子。1) Its a book.（改为一般疑问句）_ it a_ ?2) My father is in the study.（对划线部分提问）_ is_ father?3) Do you watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答）_ , I_.4) This picture is beautiful.（改为以what引导的感叹句）What_ _picture!5) Open the door for him.（改为否定句）_ open_ _ for_ !6) I have a big present.（对划线部分提问）_
74、 do you_?肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He is running now.He isnt running now.-Is he running now?-Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.They are making a puppet.They arent making a puppet.-Are they making a puppet?-Yes, they are. / No, they arent.7) There are some orange trees.（改为单数句子） There_ _ orange_ .8) we are going to see a
75、 Beijing opera.（对划线部分提问）What_you_ _ do?9) He has some questions.（改为一般疑问句）_ he_ questions?10) They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句）_ they_ their relatives and friendslast Spring Festival?十五、时态1、一般现在时A、当谓语是be动词时，构成为：主语+be动词( am, is, are )+其他。如：I am a student.B、当谓语是行为动
76、词时，构成有两种： （1）主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他。如：We often watch TV at the weekends. （2）主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如：Jim usually goes to the park on Sundays.C、句型变换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TV at six everyday.They dont watch TV at six everyday.-Do they watch TV at six everyday. -Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watc
77、hes TV at six everyday.She doesnt watch TV at six everyday.-Does she watch TV at six everyday.-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TV at six everyday.They dont watch TV at six everyday.-Do they watch TV at six everyday. -Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TV at six everyd
78、ay.She doesnt watch TV at six everyday.-Does she watch TV at six everyday.-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.练一练：A、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1) He often_( have ) dinner at home. 2) Daniel and Tommy_ ( be ) in Class One. 3) We_ ( not watch ) TV on Monday. 4) Nick_ ( not go ) to the zoo on Sunday. 5)_they_ ( like
79、) the World Cup? 6) There( be ) some water in the bottle. 7) _your parents_( read ) newspapers every day? 8) Mike_ ( like ) cooking. 9) You always_ ( do ) your homework well.10) They_ ( have ) the same hobby.11) My aunt_ ( look ) after her baby carefully. 12) Liu Tao_ ( do ) not like PE. 13) She and
80、 I_ ( take ) a walk together every evening. B、按要求转换句子，每空一词。1) Tom likes playing basketball with his friends. （改成否定句） Tom_ _ playing basketball with his friends.2) Davids parents often take a walk after supper. （改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答） _Davids parents often_ a walk after supper? - No,_ _.3) They usually watc
81、h TV. （对划线部分提问）_ _ they usually_？4) She is always a good student. （改为一般疑问句并作出肯定回答）_ _ always a_ student? -_ ,_ _ .5) Simon and Daniel like going skating. （改为否定句） Simon and Daniel_ _ going_.2、现在进行时A、构成形式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他。B、判断依据：句中往往有now、look、listen等词。注意：千万不要忘了一定得有be动词。练一练：A、用所给的动词的正确形式填空。 1) The b
82、oy_ _ ( draw ) a picture now. 2) What_ you_ ( do ) now? 3) Listen. Some girls _ _ ( sing ) in the classroom. 4) My mother_ _ ( cook ) some nice food now. 5) Look. They_ _ ( have ) an English lesson. 6) They_ _ ( not water ) the flowers now. 7) Look! The girls_ _ ( dance )in the classroom . 8) What i
83、s our granddaughter doing? She_ _ ( listen ) to music. 9)_ Helen _ ( wash )clothes? Yes, she is . B、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1) 刘涛的父亲正在浇花。Liu Taos father is_ _.2) 看，孩子们正在操场上踢足球。Look! The children_ _ _ in the playground.3) 她正在公园里散步吗？是的。-_ she_a walk in the park? -Yes, she_.4) Jack正在哪读书？在他书房。 _ _ Jack_ the book
84、 now? -He is_ _ _ _.3、一般过去时A、构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+其他。注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，用didnt否定和用did提问后，动词一定要用原形。B、判断依据：（1）be动词是was、were；（2）动词加ed；（3）有表示过去的时间状语，现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now，a moment，yesterday，last week，last night，last weekend，last year，last month，three days ago，two weeks ago，five years agoC、句型变换：肯定句否定句一般疑
85、问句及回答I was a teacher five years ago.I wasnt a teacher five years ago.-Were you a teacher five years ago?-Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.They played many games yesterday.They didnt play many games yesterday.Did they play many games yesterday?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt.练一练：A、用动词的适当形式填空。 1) It_( be ) B
86、ens birthday last Friday. 2) We all_ ( have ) a good time last night.3) He_ ( jump ) high on last Sports Day.4) Helen_ ( milk ) a cow on Friday. 5) She likes_newspapers, but she_a book yesterday. ( read ) 6) He_football now, but they_basketball just now. ( play ) 7) Jims mother_ ( plant ) trees just
87、 now. 8)_they_ ( sweep ) the floor on Sunday? No, they_. 9) I_ ( watch ) a cartoon on Monday. 10) We_ ( go ) to school on Sunday. B、按要求改写句子。1) My father came to the shop just now.（改为否定句）My father_ _ to the shop just now.2) I watched TV last night.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） _you_ TV last_? -_ ,_ _.3) Their tea
88、cher told them a story yesterday.（对划线部分提问）_ _ their teacher_them yesterday?4) They were on the farm last Saturday.（改为否定句）They_ on the farm last Saturday.5) David and Liu Tao did their homework together a moment ago.（改为一般疑问句）_ David and Liu Tao_ _ homework together_.4、一般将来时A、构成形式：（1）主语+be going to+动词
89、原形+其他。（2）主语+will+动词原形+其他。B、判断依据：一个句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用的是原形，句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。C、句型变换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.-Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?-Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.They are going to visit their gr
90、andparents next Sunday.They arent going to visit their grandparents next Sunday.-Are they going to visit their grand parents next Sunday? -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.注意：-Where are you going? -Were going to Beijing. 问句中不要用到to。练一练：A、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my frien
91、ds. 或者：I_ _ have a picnic with my friends. 2）下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 -What_ _ _ _next Monday? -I_ _ _ play basketball. 或者：-What _ you do next Monday? -I_ play basketball. 3）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 -_ your mother_ _ go shopping this_ ? -Yes, she_ . She_ buy some fruit. 4.）你们打算什么时候见面？ What time_ you _ _
92、meet? B、改写句子。1）Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定句） Nancy_ going to go camping. 2）Ill go and join them.（改否定句） I_ go_ join them. 3）Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 4）We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?5）She is g
93、oing to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she_ _ _ after school? 时态综合练一练：( 每空根据需要可以填多个词)1、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1）Today is a sunny day. We_ ( have ) a picnic this afternoon. 2）My brother_ ( go ) to Shanghai next week. 3）Tom often_( go ) to school on foot. But today is rain. He_ ( go ) to school by b
94、ike. 4）What do you usually do at weekends? I usually_ (watch) TV and_ (catch) insects? 5）Its Friday today. What_ she_ ( do ) this weekend? She_ ( watch ) TV and_ ( catch ) insects. 6）What_ ( do ) you do last Sunday? I_ ( pick ) apples on a farm. What_ ( do ) next Sunday? I_ ( milk ) cows. 7）Mary_ (
95、visit ) her grandparents tomorrow. 8）Liu Tao_ ( fly ) kites in the playground yesterday. 9）David_ ( give ) a puppet show next Monday. 10）I_ ( plan ) for my study now.2、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）杨玲正在问高山一些关于公共标志的问题。 Yang Ling is_ Gao Shan some_ about_ _.2）David最喜爱的科目是英语。 _ Favourite subject_ _.3）谁跑得快，男孩还是女孩？ W
96、ho_ _, the boys or the girls?4）我父亲每天起床都很早，锻炼身体。My father_ up_ and_ some exercise every day.5）你们有什么爱好？他喜欢集邮，我喜欢听音乐。 What_ your_ ? -He_ _ stamps and I like_to music.6）昨天我们想去参观博物馆，可不认识去的路。我们就问了一个警察，他告诉了我们路线。 We_ to_the museum, but we_ know_ _ _ there. We_ a policeman, and he told_ the way.7）Nancy将在音乐会上演奏钢琴吗？ _ Nancy_ to_ the_ _ the concert?8）我们开始上课好吗？谁来读生词？ _ we_ our lesson now? _ would_ to_ the_ word?
