1、语法专题突 破专题四 非谓语动词英 语2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内 容 索 引增素能 精准突破测效果 课堂评价增素能 精准突破一、作定语【真题语境】动词-ing形式1.(2021新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _(
2、ache)legs.动词不定式2.(2019全国卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans _(retire)from her 36-year-old business.achingto retire【用法点拨】动词-ing形式动词-ing形式与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或表示正在进行的、主动的动作(having done/having been done不作定语)。The boy swimming in the lake is my brother.不定式动词不定式作定语与
3、所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系:表示将来的动作;修饰被序数词、最高级或no/all/any/only等限定的词;用来修饰的词是抽象名词。The boy is often the first to come.过去分词过去分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示已经完成或被动(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示已经完成)。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.二、作状语【真题语境】【真题语境】动词-ing形式1.(2021新高考全国卷)I was upset to learn that
4、many sea animals eat plastic garbage,(think)it is food.2.(2021全国甲卷)After(spend)some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!thinkingspending3.(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we we
5、re invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4.(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while(feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”sa
6、ys the banks Juergen Voegele.listeningfeeding动词不定式5.(2021新高考全国卷)I decided to do something(educate)people about this problem.6.(2021浙江卷)Marys sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over(plant)flowers in the front yard.7.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodati
7、ons aim(have)a low impact on the natural environment.to educateto plantto have8.(2020全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.9.(2020全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out(find)the well-known painter.10.(2020全国
8、卷)They are easy(care)for and make great presents.11.(2019全国卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive(perform)consistently over a large area.to findto findto careto perform12.(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long(see)the
9、 benefit.13.(2018全国卷)Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice(improve)water quality.14.(2017浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring(cook)a meal.to seeto improveto cook【用法点拨】不定式表示目的。I come here to say good-bye to you.表示结果:onl
10、y to do;enough to do;so/such.as to do;too.to do。表示原因等。Were proud to be young people of China.动词-ing形式表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。Using your head,youll find a good way.一般式表示与主句同时进行。They eat using the fingers of their right hands.完成式强调发生在主句谓语动词之前。Having visited the lab,the visitors went to the library
11、.过去分词与主句主语之间是被动关系。When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.【点津】以下是独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。considering/given that.鉴于/考虑到generally speaking一般来说judging by/from.依据来判断supposing/providing that.假如owing to.由于to tell the truth实话实说speaking of.谈及to be honest老实说三、作补足语【真题语境】动词-ing形式1
12、.(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.过去分词2.(2020全国卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.surroundingdecorated动词不定式3.(2018全国卷)Once his mess
13、age was delivered,he allowed me(stay)and watch.4.(2017全国卷)They are required(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.to stayto process【用法点拨】不定式有些动词或动词短语后接不定式作宾语补足语,即“动词(短语)+宾语+to do”,如advise,want,allow,permit,persuade,remind,invite,depend on,call on等
14、过去分词过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动和完成,宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系We found the village greatly changed.I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.【点津】find,leave,keep后一般跟动词-ing形式和过去分词作补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What you said left me thinking.四、作主语和宾语【真题语境】动词-ing形式1.(2021全国乙卷)Minimiz
15、e the impact of(visit)the place.2.(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.3.(2020全国卷)They represent the earth(come)back to life and best wishes for new b
16、eginnings.visitingnotingcoming4.(2019全国卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman of the Year”for(be)Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week.5.(2018全国卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of(die)early by running.6.(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking m
17、y head to avoid(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.7.(2018浙江卷)I still remember(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.beingdyinglookingvisiting8.(2017全国卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt;by(eat)more
18、fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.9.(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road,(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.10.(2017全国卷)But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term(rest).动词不定式11.(2021全国甲卷)It is possible(w
19、alk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.12.(2017全国卷)But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.eatinglayingrestingto walkto prove【用法点拨】非谓语动词 作主语作宾语不定式表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。常用句型:Its+adj.+for/of sb+to do sth1.动词的宾语。只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语有:beg,o
20、ffer,wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,want,plan,fail,choose,would like等。2.少数介词,如but,except后可跟不定式作宾语,如:Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.非谓语动词 作主语作宾语动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征。常用于以下结构中:It is no use/good/fun/nice doing.;It is/was useless doing sth;Its a waste
21、of time doing sthThere is no doing.1.动词的宾语。只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和动词短语有:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practise,risk,keep,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,finish,miss,keep on,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to等。2.介词的宾语,如:They are all interested in climbing mountains.过去分词不能作主语不能作宾语五、作表语【真题语境
22、】1.(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel(challenge).2.(2018浙江卷)While regularly eating out seems to(become)common for many young people in recent years,its not without a cost.challengedhave become【用法点拨】非谓语动词 作表语不定式表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动
23、作。Who is to blame for it?动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征。What you said is really inspiring.过去分词说明主语的状态,或表示被动动作。The city is surrounded by mountains.测效果 课堂评价一、练时鲜单句语法填空1.More than a million tons of radioactive water is currently being stored at the Fukushima power plant in a massive tank farm bi
24、g enough_(fill)500 Olympic-sized swimming pools.2.The study_(base)on an April 2021 survey of 1,200 parents and teens,is the first such study in Japan.to fillbased3.On February 17,Zhang Guimei received an award for being one of Chinas_(inspire)role models by TV program TouchingChina 2020.4.Norwegian
25、Jeanette Hegg Duestad was the dark horse in the qualification,_(set)an Olympic record of 632.9 points.5.The school provides free education to girls who would otherwise have had no chance_(study)after completing their nine years of compulsory education.inspiringsettingto study二、练模拟单句语法填空1.(2021广东联考)B
26、athing machines were made available for people to get_(change)in.It was beach etiquette(礼仪)to use them,particularly for women.2.(2021河南郑州质量检测)It is a place where people can go _(ease)stress,forget about troubles and get a break from busy city life.3.(2021安徽黄山二模)Digital technology is being increasing
27、ly adopted_(carry)out economic and social activities,and is deeply transforming production patterns and peoples lifestyles.changedto easeto carry4.(2021山西太原模拟)There are also structures built with the objective of_(bring)wildlife into the city.The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example.5.(2021
28、山东济南模考)They recall a project_(call)Pix3l Plott3r,a robot that would print peoples pictures.6.(2021山东济宁一模)But the research team led by him,tried their best to learn advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations,greatly _(transform)our way of life.bringingca
29、lledtransforming7.(2021河北唐山二模)This phenomenon has been named the“production effect”,which means that producing_(write)wordsnamely,reading them out loudimproves our memory of them.8.(2021福建福州质检)While _(realize)his expectation,Wang is also proud that the orchestras birth and development are also an ef
30、fort of protecting the environment.9.(2021山东潍坊一模)Scientists say the_(rise)whale sightings are likely related to purer water and a brimming buffet of Atlantic menhaden,a fish favored by humpbacks.10.(2021江苏南京、盐城二模)Many couples carefully choose favorable date_(bring)success to their marriage.writtenre
31、alizingrisingto bring三、练语篇语篇填空Weve seen a worldwide health crisis bring out the worst in some people,but fortunately,weve also been able 1._(see)it bring out the best in others.A taxi driver in Spain has been providing patients with free rides to and from the hospitals.Doctors and nurses wanted to s
32、urprise him with their thanks for 2._(help)out.They tricked him down to the hospital under the pretense of a sick patient needing 3._(pick)up,but in reality,doctors and nurses lined the hall 4._(wait)to applaud him.to seehelpingto be pickedwaiting“This is a surprise that has been given to a taxi dri
33、ver who takes patients to the hospitals without charge,”wrote the taxi company that was the first 5._(share)the video.The man seemed completely 6._(take)aback by the gesture,7._(surprise)and stopping in the middle of the doors with the whole room 8._(cheer)for him.He was also given an envelope full
34、of money and the 9._(satisfy)results of his own health test.to sharetakensurprisedcheeringsatisfyingThe video has since been shared tens of thousands of times across the world,because kind gestures break the language barrier.“When the crisis is finished,there will have been two types of people.the good and the bad,”one user wrote.“With workmates like him,I am proud to be a taxi driver,son of a taxi driver,and father of a taxi driver.”With the world in hard times,just 10._(know)good people are there doing good deeds is something we can all appreciate.knowing
