1、三十四 选择性必修 第三册 Unit 4A glimpse of the future(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021南昌模拟)Tests have shown robots can diagnose heart problems in as little as four seconds,as a review of artificial intelligence(AI)finds machines are now as good at spotting illness as doctors.Analyzing a patients heart function on a cardiac
2、 MRI(心脏磁共振成像)scan currently takes doctors around 13 minutes.But a new trial by University College London(UCL)showed an AI program could read the scans in less time with equal accuracy.There are approximately 150,000 such scans performed in the UK each year,and researchers estimate that fully using A
3、I to read them could save 54 clinician-days(临床天数)at each cardiac centre per year.So it can make up for the shortage of doctors.It is hoped that AI where computer systems are able to learn from data to identify new patterns with minimal human intervention will transform medicine by helping doctors sp
4、ot diseases such as heart disease and cancer faster and earlier.However,most scans are still read by specially trained doctors.Dr Charlotte Manisty,who led the UCL research,said,“Cardiovascular MRI offers incomparable image quality for assessing heart structure and function.However,current manual an
5、alysis remains basic and outdated.Automated machine techniques offer the potential to change this and completely improve efficiency and accuracy,and we look forward to further research that could confirm the superiority to human analysis.”She added,“Our dataset of patients with a range of heart dise
6、ase who received scans enabled us to demonstrate that the greatest sources of measurement errors arise from human factors.This indicates that automated techniques are at least as good as humans,with the potential soon to be super-humantransforming clinical and research measurement precision.”Profess
7、or Alastair Denniston said,“Within those handful of high-quality studies,we found that by deep learning AI could indeed detect disease ranging from cancer to eye disease as accurately as health professionals.But its important to note that it did not absolutely exceed human professional diagnosis.”【文
8、章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人工智能AI在医学上的运用。这篇文章主要讲述的是AI能像医生一样在更短的时间内诊断出心脏病。1.Which of the following can best describe this AI program?A.Time-consuming.B.Environmentally friendly.C.Extremely unpractical.D.Labor-saving.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句So it can make up for the shortage of doctors.可知,这样就可以弥补医生数量的不足。由此可知,AI程序可
9、以节省劳动力。故选D。2.What is Charlotte Manistys expectation of automated machine techniques?A.To treat eye disease faster and earlier.B.To analyze heart disease efficiently and accurately.C.To combine manual with automated analysis.D.To confirm heart structure and function.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段领导UCL研究的Dr Charl
10、otte Manisty说:“心血管磁共振成像为评估心脏结构和功能提供了极好的图像质量自动化机器技术有可能改变这一现状,并完全提高效率和准确性,我们期待着进一步的研究,以证实人类分析的优越性。”可知,Charlotte Manisty对自动化机器技术的期望是“有效而准确地分析心脏病。”故选B。3.What did Alastair Denniston say about AI?A.It would be super-human soon.B.It couldnt completely replace expert doctors.C.It would correct professionals
11、 measurement errors.D.It couldnt detect cancer as accurately as health professionals.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中But its important to note that it did not absolutely exceed human professional diagnosis.“但重要的是,要注意它并没有完全超过人类的专业诊断。”由此可知,AI不能完全取代专家医生。故选B。4.What is the main idea of the text?A.AI has many shortco
12、mings in practice.B.AI totally shows its superiority to human analysis.C.AI can reduce medical errors arising from human factors.D.AI can diagnose heart disease as well as doctors in less time.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段测试表明,机器人诊断心脏问题的时间最短可达4秒。一份人工智能(AI)综述发现,机器人在诊断疾病方面的能力与医生不相上下。可知,这篇文章讲述的是AI能像医生一样在更短的时间内诊断出
13、心脏病。故选D。【难句释疑】It is hoped that AI where computer systems are able to learn from data to identify new patterns with minimal human intervention will transform medicine by helping doctors spot diseases such as heart disease and cancer faster and earlier.分析:that引导主语从句;where引导定语从句,修饰AI。翻译:人们希望人工智能将会改变医学:
14、电脑系统能够进行数据学习从而在少有人参与的情况下识别新的模式,帮助医生更及时、迅速地诊断像心脏病和癌症这样的疾病。B(2021常州模拟)Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious;that is,they are concerned about their own appearance and actions too much.Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in thei
15、r minds:What kind of impression am I making?Do they like me?Do I sound stupid?Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably.A persons self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves,and the way a person behaves affects other pe
16、oples reactions.In general,the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people,who have low respect,are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.They need faith that they are doing“the right thing”.Shy people are very sensitive to criticism.It m
17、akes them feel inferior(自卑).They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise.A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one:“Youre just saying that to make me feel good.I know its not true.”It is clear that,while self-awarenes
18、s is a healthy quality,overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely got rid of,or at least reduced?Fortunately,people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-respect.It is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strength
19、s.Each one of us has his or her own characteristics.We are interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves,the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了害羞的负面影响以及针对如何克服害羞这个问题提出了一些建议。5.The first paragraph is mainly about_.A.
20、the cause of shynessB.the effect of shyness on peopleC.the feelings of shy peopleD.the questions in the minds of shy people【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第一段的Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious;that is,they are concerned about their own appearan
21、ce and actions too much.Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds.(害羞对大多数人来说是很多不幸的源头。害羞的人通常是很紧张而且不自在的。他们十分关注自己的外貌和行为。消极的想法不断地在他们的脑海中出现。)可知,第一段主要讲了胆怯对人们的影响,故选B。6.According to the writer,self-awareness is_.A.harmful to peopleB.a weak point of peopleC.the cause of unhappiness D.a good c
22、haracteristic【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的It is clear that,while self-awareness is a healthy quality,overdoing it is harmful.(很明显,虽然自我意识是一种健康的品质,但过度的自我意识是有害的。)可知,自我意识是好品质。故选D。7.What is the shy peoples reaction to praise?A.They are pleased by it.B.They feel it is not true.C.They are very sensitive to it.D.They
23、 feel they are worthy of it.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one:“Youre just saying that to make me feel good.I know its not true.”(一个害羞的人可能会用这样的陈述来回应表扬:“你这样说只是为了让我感觉良好,我知道这不是真的。”)可知,害羞的人对表扬的反应是,他们感觉不是真实的。故选B。8.We can learn from the passage that shyn
24、ess_.A.blocks our chances for a successful lifeB.helps us to live up to our full developmentC.enables us to understand ourselves betterD.has nothing to do with lack of self-respect【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一句The better we understand ourselves.the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and ful
25、filling life.(越了解自己,越易拥有我们过上丰富、愉快生活的机会。)可知,害羞会阻挡我们实现成功生活的机会。故选A。【难句释疑】Shy people,who have low respect,are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.分析:who引导定语从句,修饰people。翻译:害羞的人,也就是自卑的人可能是被动的,很容易受别人影响。.阅读填句(2021珠海模拟)Do you often go out for shopping?How to avoid germs when shopping in the
26、grocery store?1.Firstly,go to the grocery store bright and early when theyre just opening.This might be your best option.By avoiding large groups of people,2,as the virus is mainly spread through close contact with other people.One of the easiest ways to spread the virus is by touching a contaminate
27、d surface and then touching your face,eyes,nose,or mouth.3.This is a lot harder than it sounds,because people touch their faces more than 20 times in a single hour.While a mask can help prevent you from touching your mouth and nose,it is strongly recommended to wear one.4.This may be as simple as av
28、oiding a crowded aisle and circling back a few minutes later.Since other shoppers might not be as mindful as you are about maintaining social distance,be polite in your request that they keep their distance with a polite“excuse me.”Just as youre being thoughtful about your own health,be thoughtful a
29、bout the health of others,suggests Dr.Larkin.“5,see if you can shop for them or teach them to use an online and delivery option,”she says.“Be patient and kind with one another,especially the workers keeping the stores open and functioningand of course,if you are ill,please stay home and dont expose
30、others.”A.you decrease your risk of becoming infectedB.If you have an elderly neighbor who needs helpC.you had better stay at home instead of going outD.As a result,avoid touching your face while shoppingE.As a result,you should wear a mask when you go shoppingF.Moreover,try to maintain a safe,six-f
31、oot distance from other shoppersG.Before you head out to one,you need some guidelines to ensure your safety【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了出去购物时避免感染病毒的几个建议。1.【解析】G。空前提出问题“在杂货店购物时如何避免细菌呢?”,下文是具体的方法,所以G项“在你出门去一个杂货店之前,你需要一些指导来确保你的安全”承上启下,符合语境,故选G项。2.【解析】A。空后as引导一个原因状语从句,“因为病毒传播主要通过与其他人近距离接触”,结合空前“通过避免接触人群”可知,A项“你就
32、能减少感染的风险”切题,故选A项。3.【解析】D。空前提到“病毒传播最容易的方法之一就是通过接触被污染的表面,然后摸你的脸,眼睛,鼻子或者嘴巴”,所以要避免感染就不要在购物时摸脸,D项符合语境,D项中“touching your face”与上下文呼应,且空后的This指代D项内容,故选D项。4.【解析】F。空处位于句首,是段落主题句,根据本段最后一句“因为别人可能不会像你一样保持社交距离,用不好意思礼貌地要求他们保持距离”可知,本段主要讲要与人保持距离,F项“此外,尽量与别的购物者保持六英尺的安全距离”切题,故选F项。5.【解析】B。空前一句提到在关心自己健康的同时,还要关心别人的健康,结合
33、空后“看看你是否能帮他们购物,或者教他们使用网上配送”可推知,B项“如果你有年迈的邻居需要帮助”切题,故选B项。.应用文写作为配合学校开展的垃圾分类工作,学生会向全校学生发出了“垃圾分类,从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会,用英语写一封倡议书,内容包括:垃圾分类的做法;垃圾分类的益处;呼吁全体学生一起参加。注意:1.词数在80左右;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:垃圾分类 garbage classification;厨余垃圾 leftovers;废旧电池used batteriesDear fellow students,Our school has started a prog
34、ram of garbage classification._Yours,Tom【参考范文】Dear fellow students,Our school has started a program of garbage classification.Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins.Paper can be recycled while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed
35、 as fertilizer for plants.Above all such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.The program is of great benefit.We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatme
36、nt.Lets work together for a better campus!Yours,Tom加强训练阅读填句Where do hurricane names come from?Why do we give human names to violent,mindless masses of water and wind?And how do we all agree which name to use?Before the 1940s,only the worst storms were given names.1There was the Sea Islands Hurricane
37、 of 1893,the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 to name a few.The practice of using more memorable names didnt begin until 1950.It was when Atlantic tropical hurricanes received official names,although they still werent human ones.2So the 1950 season featured such
38、strangely named storms as Hurricane Dog,Hurricane Easy and Hurricane Love.3The same list of names was recycled every year,so the 19501952 seasons each featured a Hurricane Able through at least Hurricane Fox.That became confusing,so in 1953 the U.S.National Hurricane Center began using female human
39、names,which proved far more successful.Not only did it make storm identification easier,but it helped authorities and news outlets spread warnings.4The first hurricane names were often inspired by forecasters wives,but in 1979 mens names were added to the mix The World Meteorological Organization no
40、w monitors the master list of names,which alternates between male and females six lists are rotated annually in the Atlantic.So the 2015 names will be used again in 2021.5Seventy-eight Atlantic hurricane names have been retired since 1954,including 29 since 2000.A.Besides,it helped the public pay at
41、tention to them.B.These names were chosen from some familiar words.C.This naming rule,however,had an obvious weakness.D.These names of retired hurricanes are silly or unreasonable.E.But when a hurricane is bad enough,its name can be retired.F.They were usually based on the place or time of year they
42、 made landfall.G.It is also easier to use names when we have more than one storm to track.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种给飓风命名的方式。1.【解析】F。由下一句“1893年的海岛飓风,1900年的加尔维斯顿大飓风和1935年的劳动节飓风等等。”可知,这些飓风都是根据时间或地点来命名的,承接下文,F选项“它们通常是根据它们一年中登陆的地点或时间来确定的。”切题。故选F项。2.【解析】B。由上两句“使用更容易记住的名字的做法直到1950年才开始。那是大西洋热带飓风正式命名的时候,尽管它们还不是人
43、类的名字。”和下一句“所以1950年的季节有这样命名奇怪的风暴,如飓风狗,飓风易和飓风爱。”可知,飓风狗,飓风易和飓风爱(Dog、Easy和Love很熟悉常见)都是选用熟悉的词命名的,承接上下文,B选项“这些名字是从一些熟悉的词中选出来的。”切题。故选B项。3.【解析】C。由下三句“每年都会重复使用相同的名称列表,所以1950至1952年的每一季都至少有一次“飓风能”和“飓风福克斯”。这让人很困惑,因此1953年美国国家飓风中心开始使用女性人名,这一做法被证明是成功的。它不仅使识别飓风更加容易,而且帮助当局和新闻机构传播警报。”可知,选用熟悉的词给飓风命名,会产生有“许多相同名字飓风”的弱点,
44、这让人们很困惑,这不利于识别飓风和发出警报,所以才出现了用女性人名命名的方式(有利于识别飓风和发出警报),承接下文,C选项“然而,这个命名规则有一个明显的弱点。”切题。故选C项。4.【解析】A。由上一句“它不仅使识别飓风更加容易,而且帮助当局和新闻机构传播警报。”可知,上下两句讲飓风用女性人名命名的好处,上下两句是顺承递进关系,承接上文,A选项“此外,它也有助于公众关注它们。”切题。故选A项。5.【解析】E。由下一句“自1954年以来,已有78个大西洋飓风名称被注销,其中29个是2000年以来的。”可知,承接下文,E选项“但是当飓风够糟糕的时候,它的名字可以注销。”切题;该选项中的retired对应下文的retired,同词复现。故选E项。
