1、二十三 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 5Revealing nature(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021安徽模拟)Its true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter.Theres also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming.Countless recent reports have proved the sam
2、e thing.For instance,a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society notedthat:“The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”You may not believe that humans could change the planets climate,but the basic science is well understood.Each year,bi
3、llions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity.As has been known for years,these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space,wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.Of course,the earths climate has always been changing due to“natural”factor
4、s such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar,or cycles concerning the Earths going around the sun.According to the scientific research,however,the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmospherenot the warming we would exp
5、ect from other possible causes.Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warmingrecorded so far,that would give birth to a difficult question.As Robert Henson puts it:“If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change,then why arent carbon dioxide and th
6、e other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”The only way to prove with 100%certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earthsone with human influence and one without.That obviously isnt possi
7、ble,and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普议论文。主要论述了人类活动是否是全球变暖的主要原因。1.The text is developed by _.A.giving typical examplesB.following the order of spaceC.comparing and finding differencesD.analyzing a theory and arguing it【解析】选D。推理判断题。本
8、文的组织结构就是围绕全球变暖这个理论话题展开的,然后进行了辩论。2.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?A.Few scientific authorities have confirmed the existence of global warming.B.Greenhouse gases prevent heat in the atmosphere from escaping to space.C.Some new factors for the climate change have be
9、en discovered by scientists.D.Scientists are absolutely sure about the human influence on the earths climate.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的Each year,billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity.As has been known for years,these gases hold heat that would other
10、wise escape to space,wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.可以得出温室气体阻碍了热量散发到太空中去。故选B。3.The underline word“identical”in the last paragraph probably means _.A.exactly the sameB.totally differentC.extremely importantD.partly independent【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据该词的前文可以得出,要100%确认人类为全球变暖负责,需要拿两个完全一样的地球来做实验,一个是
11、有人类影响的,一个是没有人类影响的。这是不可能的,因为地球只有一个。故选A。4.Which of the following can be the best title?A.Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?B.Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?C.Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?D.Whats the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文主要是围绕“肯定是人
12、类导致全球变暖吗?”这个话题展开的讨论。故选A。【难句释疑】As has been known for years,these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space,wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.分析:as引导非限制性定语从句,修饰后面整个句子。that引导另一个定语从句,修饰heat。wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket是现在分词短语作伴随状语。翻译:正如大家多年来就知道的,这些气体像一张无形的毛毯包裹着地球上本来可以
13、逸出到太空中的热量。BWalk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy,warm,damp and thick.But if you had been there around 15,000 years ago,during the last ice age,would it have been the same?For more than 30 years,scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to th
14、e cold,dry climate of the ice ages,but till now,no one has reached a satisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from theatmosphere and helping to solve global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to the t
15、otal amount of CO2given off in the UK each year.But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change?If it gets drier,will it survive and continue to draw down CO2?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainf
16、orests reacted to climate change in the past.Unfortunately,collecting information is incredibly difficult.To study the past climate,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen(花粉)kept in lake mud.Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediments(沉淀物),which requires specialized
17、equipment and heavy machinery.There are very few roads and paths,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes.Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest,but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completelyunsampled(未取样).So far,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go ba
18、ckto the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了科学家是如何在亚马逊热带雨林工作的,以揭开亚马逊热带雨林的神秘之处。5.How do scientists study the past climate change?A.By predicting the climate change in the future.B.By drilling down deep into
19、 land sediments.C.By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.D.By analyzing fossilized pollen in lake mud.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中第三段“To study the past climate,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen kept in lake mud.”可知研究过去气候,科学家需要看保存在湖泥中的花粉化石。故选D。6.What is needed for drilling down into lake sedimen
20、ts?A.The latest helicopter.B.The special equipment.C.The light machinery.D.The narrow path.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文中的第三段“Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediments,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery.”可知回到末次冰期意味着下钻到湖泊沉淀物,这需要专门的设备和重型机械。C 选项错在 light。故选B。7.What
21、is the purpose of writing the passage?A.To attract more peoples attention to CO2.B.To call on people to protect rainforests.C.To inform people of how scientists work on rainforests.D.To warn people to stay away from the danger of rainforests.【解析】选C。目的意图题。这是一篇科普文章,通常写作目的是提供信息。A 选项是吸引更多人对二氧化碳的注意,和文章无关
22、;B 选项是号召人们保护雨林,此文不是强调保护雨林;D 选项是警告人们远离雨林的危险,文章没有讲到雨林的危险。故选C。8.The best title for the text may be _.A.Mystery of the RainforestB.Climates of the AmazonC.The History of the RainforestD.Changes of the Rainforest【解析】选A。标题归纳题。第一段讲人们对于雨林怎样应对变化的天气一直没有满意的答案,第二段讲述了雨林吸收二氧化碳的作用和效果,第三段讲述的是科学家采用不同的方法去检测,但是没有结果,所以
23、标题为“雨林的神秘”是最恰当的。B、C、D 选项都仅仅是文章提到的部分信息。故选A。【难句释疑】Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.分析:that引导动词hope的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中又含有一个以how引导的宾语从句,作learn的宾语,by understanding.是by d
24、oing结构,表示“通过某种方式”,其后又接了一个由how引导的宾语从句。翻译:科学家希望通过了解热带雨林在过去是如何对气候变化产生反应的,这样他们将能够提前得知热带雨林将来会如何存活下去。.完形填空Did you ever have a dream?Im not talking about a dream you have when you sleep.Im talking about a conscious 1where you would like to see a new future,a different choice of employment,and a 2of your ow
25、n.How many times have you wished that you could be living in a different 3than the one you are currently experiencing?Several years ago,I had a dream about inventing a board game that would 4my lifes fortunes.After many revisions,a board game was developed.It wasa(n)5time.Our dream seemed to come tr
26、ue with sales starting to accumulate,and our company was also founded.6,another new board game came into the market and made great progress in sales.Eventually,our company was dissolved.Perhaps for a game developer,the 7emotions that it never was meant to be will discourage his future dreams of a di
27、fferent life.But to me,maybe I didnt succeed to the level I 8,at the very least I turned my dream 9a reality.If I had never transferred my dream into goal and then to action,there wouldnt havebeen 10lessons to be learned from the failure.It may take many 11but success is only achieved.Once dreams ar
28、e 12action,failure becomes a better action plan in future.The important 13here is that success only comes by turning dreams into reality and realizing that 14are only stepping stones to final success.After many attempts,many failures,many lessons and many false starts,learn valuable lessons from fai
29、lure,turn dreams into 15,and dont let a dream only be a dream,success will arrive at last.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。全篇围绕dream展开,指出梦想并不是你睡觉时候做的梦,而是需要我们付出努力去实现的。1.A.futureB.lifeC.dreamD.plan【解析】选C。由前文可知作者这里讨论的是dream,不是晚上睡觉做的梦,而是有意识的梦想,故选C。2.A.factoryB.businessC.carD.farm【解析】选B。此处与前面的“a new future”和“a different ch
30、oice of employment”是并列关系,指的是自己的公司,下一段的company也是提示。3.A.environmentB.schoolC.familyD.society【解析】选A。这里需要名词作live in的宾语,应指居住的环境,故选A。其他三项都过于具体,没有普遍性。4.A.destroyB.realizeC.changeD.create【解析】选C。前面提到了想要生活在截然不同的环境,暗指与之前的不同,所以应该用“改变”,故选C。5.A.excitingB.terribleC.darkD.embarrassing【解析】选A。根据下句可知我们的梦想似乎要实现了,所以心情应是
31、激动的,故选A。6.A.UnfortunatelyB.UnlikelyC.UnconsciouslyD.Unfairly【解析】选A。根据后面的“our company was dissolved”可知是不幸地,故选A。7.A.optimisticB.negativeC.difficultD.positive【解析】选B。根据后面的描述可知是一种不好的情绪,故选B,意为“消极的”。8.A.neededB.devotedC.desiredD.begged【解析】选C。作者没有成功到达想要(desire)达到的那个水平。9.A.byB.onC.overD.into【解析】选D。此处表示作者将梦想变
32、为了现实,故选D。10.A.valuableB.successfulC.uselessD.cruel【解析】选A。这里的lessons是从失败中学到的,应是很有参考价值的,故选A。11.A.analysesB.designsC.attemptsD.revisions【解析】选C。成功是需要付出很多努力的,故选C。12.A.taken upB.looked intoC.run acrossD.put into【解析】选D。此处指把梦想付诸行动。put.into action 把付诸行动。13.A.meaningB.pointC.truthD.purpose【解析】选B。根据后面的that从句可知
33、,此处应是指的重点,故选B。14.A.effortsB.achievementsC.possibilitiesD.difficulties【解析】选B。这里强调最终的成功才是重点,而小成就(achievement)只是踏脚石,故选B。15.A.heartB.existenceC.actionD.ambition【解析】选C。此处指把梦想付诸行动,故选C。.语法填空Wang Guishuan,a 68-year-old villager from Shanxi province,has lived near the source of the Fenhe River all his life.H
34、e used to farm and raise poultry on land above the rivers source,1._ a project to protect the headwaters took in that land.So,two years ago,Wang moved to farm on land below the source and joined efforts to keep the river free 2._ agricultural pollution.The Fenhe,3._ passes through the Taiyuan and Li
35、nfen plains,is one of the main water 4._(source)for agriculture,industry and more than 32 million people in the province.It was,however,once 5.(heavy)polluted.Last year,it 6._(describe)as a“severely polluted”tributary(支流)by President Xi Jinping when he delivered a speech about improving the environm
36、ent and protecting the Yellow River Basins ecosystem.Shanxi has a severe shortage of water.Because of 7.(limit)water resources the ability of the Fenhe to self-clean is poor.Self-cleaning is a major way for riversformed naturally to improve their water quality.When more water flows in,the amount of
37、sewage(污水)is reduced and the rivers become 8._(clean).With Shanxi 9._(rely)heavily on the Fenhe for daily industrial and agricultural use,a significant amount of sewage was discharged into its waters.To improve the rivers water quality and prevent poor-standard water entering it,joint efforts have b
38、een made by the authorities,residents and enterprises on its upper,middle and lower reaches.With the key being eco-environmental governance,action has been taken in different areas of Shanxi 10._(improve)waterquality and protect ecology and the environment.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在习总书记的关注下,流经太原、临汾的汾河的
39、污染治理情况。1.【解析】but。考查连词。根据语境,这里是转折关系,故用but。2.【解析】from/of。考查介词。keep.free from/of.是固定搭配,意思是“使免于”。3.【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。4.【解析】sources。考查名词。根据前面的one of可以得出,这里应该用名词的复数形式。5.【解析】heavily。考查副词。修饰谓语动词要用副词形式。6.【解析】was described。考查时态和语态。全文都是过去时,根据语境,这里要用被动语态。7.【解析】limited。考查非谓语动词。这里是过去分词作定语,
40、修饰water resources。8.【解析】cleaner。考查形容词的比较级。根据语境,这里用比较级,表示比以前更清澈了。9.【解析】relying。考查非谓语动词。这里是现在分词作with的宾语补足语。10.【解析】to improve。考查动词不定式。前面已经有谓语动词,所以这里用动词不定式作目的状语。阅读填句Being eco-conscious(生态意识)doesnt have to stress you out or expand your budget.Learn how to be kind to the earth while also enjoying life.Her
41、e are some small but significant steps you can take.Go LED with your lighting.There are several benefits of switching to energy-saving light bulbs(灯泡).1Though the upfront cost might be more than traditional bulbs,the average savings on LED bulbs is$75 a year.Plus,you wont be spending nearly as much
42、time changing burnt-out bulbs as you used to:LED bulbs can last years or even decades,depending on the type you buy.2On those days when you re out of patience and low on time,don t blame yourself if you have to use paper plates and cups instead of your dishwasherespecially if you re hosting a large
43、crowd.After all,Americans waste too much of water every year.Generally,dishwashers are required to design to use no more than 5 gallons of water per cycle and 307 kwh/year.3So in this point,using recyclable paper plates can save more.Turn off water when you are not using it.Every drop does count whe
44、n it comes to water usage.4Dont ignore this little time.If everyone does in this way,wecan save a lot of water every day.There is also great low-flow equipment for showers and toilets.But if you dont want to change them,you can just switch them off when you re not using them.5A.Dont always use paper
45、 plates.B.One of them is saving money.C.This is a good way to save water.D.Dont feel guilty about using paper plates.E.Besides,a good dishwasher can save more electricity.F.Thats still quite a lot of water and energy to use every day.G.That includes the two minutes you spend brushing your teeth.【文章大
46、意】本文主要讲述了为了节省能源,人们在日常生活中应该注意哪些细节。1.【解析】选B。从后一句话Though the upfront cost might be more than traditional bulbs,the average savings on LED bulbs is$75 a year.可以知道,这里指省钱。2.【解析】选D。下文.dont blame yourself if you have to use paper plates and cups instead of your dishwasher一句作了提示。3.【解析】选C。根据前文和后一句话So in this point,using recyclable paper plates can save more可以得出,这里表示“这是一个节省水的好方法”。故选C。4.【解析】选G。根据前一句话“说到用水,每一滴水都很重要”和后一句话可知,这里应该选G。5.【解析】选F。这是一个总结句,意思是“这样做每天还有很多水和能源可以用”。
