1、二十 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 2Onwards and upwards(限时35分钟).阅读理解A When 45-year-old Randy Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic(胰腺)cancer,he chose to focus on living rather than dying.As a computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon University,Pausch was asked to deliver a“last lecture”.This well-known campus tr
2、adition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom with students as if they were dying and had one last lecture to give.The only difference in Pauschs case is that Pausch really was dying,but it onlymotivated him more.He delivered his last lecture,“Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”on Sept.18,2
3、007.Pausch began by sharing several of his boyhood dreams,some of which he had achieved and the others he hadnt.He described the importance of having dreams and how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching for those dreams,even if they dont always succeed.He shared the values learned through experie
4、nce,which he hoped to pass on to others:They were hard work,laughter and gratitude,honesty,character.Pauschs last lecture received a great deal of praise and attention.It became a crazyYouTube hit,and in October 2007,he presented an abridged(删减的)version on“The Oprah Winfrey Show”.He turned the lectu
5、re into a book by the same name,which quickly became a best-seller.Readers were deeply moved by the books representation of Pauschs lifelong philosophy and the way it revealed the biggest source of his motivationhis three young children.Pausch passed away on July 25,2008,but his voice lives on in th
6、e recorded lecture and his book.He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreamsa source of inspiration that can never run dry.【文章大意】本文讲述了身患胰腺癌的波什教授做最后的演讲,激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想。1.Why was Pausch asked to give his“last lecture”?A.To teach the students.B.To make him have
7、a better life.C.To cure his cancer.D.To achieve his dream.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pausch was asked to deliver a last lecture.This well-known campus tradition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom with students as if they were dying and had one last lecture to give.”可知,波什教授被要求做一次最后的演讲是为了与学生们分享世俗的智慧
8、,也就是为了教育学生,故A项正确。2.What was Pauschs lecture mainly about?A.His private life in boyhood.B.Having dreams and good values.C.The reason for his success.D.The experience learned from others.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He described the importance of having dreams and how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching
9、for those dreams,even if they dont always succeed.He shared the values learned through experience,which he hoped to pass on to others:They were hard work,laughter and gratitude,honesty,character.”可知,波什在演讲中讲述了拥有梦想的重要性以及通过追求梦想学到的努力、诚实、乐观和感恩等,也就是说他的演讲主要是关于拥有梦想和良好的价值观,故B项正确。3.Which of the following moti
10、vated Pausch most?A.His dreams.B.His children.C.His work.D.His students.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it revealed the biggest source of his motivationhis three young children.”可知,波什的三个孩子给他的动力最大,故B项正确。4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Keep on DreamingB.The Meaning of LifeC.Motivation from LifeD.Give
11、 the Last Lecture【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章内容,特别是最后一段中的“He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreamsa source of inspiration that can never run dry.”可知,本文讲述了身患胰腺癌的波什教授做一次最后的演讲,激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想,故A项正确。【话题词汇】关于励志的词汇focus on聚焦,share分享,motivate激励,dream梦想,achieve实现,succeed成功,
12、value价值,experience经历,hard work努力工作,gratitude感恩,honesty诚实,character性格,inspiration鼓舞,encourage鼓励B A famous education expert performed an experiment.Three teachers were told they had been selected for a special program because they were the best teachers in the education system in their city.They were
13、asked to teach 90 high-IQ students at their own pace in another city and see how much they could learn in a year.The result was excellent as they expected.The specially selected students achieved 20 to 30 percent more than the other students in grades in the city a year later.The teachers were surpr
14、ised when they told that the 90 students were not high-IQ students,but were actually randomly(任意地)selected out of the common students.Of course,the teachers were feeling pretty good about themselves because they were getting such great results from average students.Then they were told that they were
15、 not the best teachers,and what they were told at first was pulled out of the hat.Above average results were achieved by average students who were taught by average teachers.How?These teachers were operating from the mindset(心态)of As If.They taught as if they were the best teachers and teaching stud
16、ents who were highly able or gifted.Therefore,they got unexpected results.The mind is powerfuland it doesnt know the difference between what is real and what is imagined.The teachers believed what they were told so they acted upon that belief.The results were the same as if what they believed was fa
17、ct.What results do you want in your life?Go ahead!Live as if you are already in that professional job by playing and acting the part.Live as if you are at the weight you want by making healthy food choices and behaving in a confident manner.Live as if you are financially sound by saving and spending
18、 wisely.Our thoughts decide our actions.Think in the mindset of As If and you will achieve success sooner or later.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。一位有名的教育专家进行一项实验,最后却得到了意想不到的结果。作者分析是因为好的心态起的作用。5.What do we know about the 90 selected students?A.They were selected on purpose.B.They were all high-IQ students.C.Their gr
19、ades improved a lot in a short time.D.They got better grades in studies than the others.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知,这些学生的成绩在一年后比其他的学生高出百分之二十到三十。6.What does the underlined phrase“pulled out of the hat”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Discussed again.B.Wholly made up.C.Explained carefully.D.Doubted completely.【解析】选B。
20、词义猜测题。根据其前后文可知,那位专家告诉那三位老师,他们并非是最好的老师,他早前对他们说的话完全是虚构的。7.What does the author mainly show in Paragraph 3?A.The difficulty of telling fact from imagination.B.The gifted students good performance.C.The benefit of the mindset of As If.D.Good teachers great influence.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段前两句可知,作者设问句提出:为什么普通的
21、老师教普通的学生取得好成绩?接着作者介绍原因,表明As If心态的好处。8.What should we do to succeed according to the author?A.Choose something good.B.Imagine a good situation.C.Act like a successful person.D.Live a comfortable and happy life.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者说若想取得成绩,努力吧!你可以通过扮演或担当起专业人士的角色过着好像你有专业工作的生活。由此可推断出,如果你想成功,你就先把自己看成是
22、成功人士,像成功人士那样做。【难句释疑】They taught as if they were the best teachers and teaching students who were highly able or gifted.分析:该句是一个复合句。as if引导方式状语从句,who引导定语从句。翻译:他们教学就像是他们是最好的教师,所教的学生也是极有才能或极有天赋的学生一样。.完形填空I received 3 missed calls from a number I didnt recognize today.I assumed it was something to do wi
23、th an accident I had recently.I was ready to answer 1when the number called the 4th time.Instead,I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had 2anything.I said I didnt think so and 3who it was.It was a man called Darren who 4he was behind me in the shop this morning.As I was leaving,my purse 5.He picked
24、 it up and looked around to see where I had gone but he couldnt see me anymore.So he opened my purse and called the 6inside it.I have just been to meet him to get my purse back,only to find out Darren is7and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff.He even apologized as he said he had taken out some 8t
25、o call me to return my purse.But 9a few pounds used to contact me,everything was all still 10.I admit that I wouldnt have blamed him if hed spent more of the 11.I felt 12that someone returned it,and that the person who returned it was someone who had 13.It made me realize not only was I lucky that m
26、y purse was found by someone 14,but that I was going to a warm home.The 15would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们:如果人人都是善良、诚实的,那么我们的世界将会变得更美好。1.A.gentlyB.gratefullyC.humorouslyD.eagerly【解析】选D。根据上句可推知,作者渴望(eagerly)去接这通电话。2.A.exploredB
27、.boughtC.lostD.checked【解析】选C。根据第二段和第三段的描述可推知,Darren捡到了作者的钱包,因此打电话问作者是否丢了(lose)什么东西。3.A.forgotB.rememberedC.suspectedD.asked【解析】选D。根据语境可知,作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁,因此作者问(ask)对方是谁。4.A.explainedB.requestedC.repeatedD.believed【解析】选A。根据语境可推知,Darren向作者解释(explain)了事情的经过。5.A.brokeB.failedC.droppedD.disappeared【解析】选
28、C。根据语境可知,作者离开商店的时候,钱包掉在(drop)地上了。6.A.cardB.addressC.billD.number【解析】选D。根据语境可知,Darren找不到作者,于是打开作者的钱包,拨打了钱包里面的号码(number)。7.A.hopefulB.helpfulC.homelessD.speechless【解析】选C。根据本句中的lives rough in the streets of Cardiff可推知,Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。8.A.picturesB.changeC.ticketsD.jewelry【解析】选B。根据上文可推知,Darren
29、很穷,他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。9.A.in spite ofB.in terms ofC.owing toD.apart from【解析】选D。根据语境及该句中的But可推知,Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系,其余的东西都没动。10.A.untouchedB.unlimitedC.classifiedD.consumed【解析】选A。Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系,其余的东西都没动。untouched“原封未动”符合语境。11.A.timeB.effortC.cashD
30、.energy【解析】选C。作者承认,即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash),作者也不会责怪他。12.A.embarrassedB.surprisedC.worriedD.relaxed【解析】选B。作者的钱包丢了,有人捡到并归还给作者,而且这个人一无所有,作者为此感到惊讶(surprised)。13.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing【解析】选D。作者的钱包丢了,有人捡到并归还给作者,而且这个人一无所有,作者为此感到惊讶。nothing“没有什么”符合语境。14.A.familiarB.politeC.honestD.wise
31、【解析】选C。根据语境可知,这件事让作者意识到自己是幸运的,自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到,并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。15.A.shopB.worldC.environmentD.street【解析】选B。根据语境可知,如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人的话,这个世界(world)将会是一个更好的世界。【难句释疑】It made me realize not only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone honest,but that I was going to a warm home.分析:本句动词re
32、alize后是由not only.but(also).连接的并列宾语,值得注意的是,前一个分句当not only位于句首时,该句要用部分倒装形式,也就是把助动词/系动词提到主语前面,but(also)分句不变。翻译:这使我认识到不仅我是幸运的,我的钱包被一个诚实的人发现了,而且我将回到一个温暖的家。.语法填空A woman in Sanming,Fujian Province,finally ended her marriage in court last week after calling police seven times 1._(complain)that she had been
33、a victim of domestic 2._(violent).At her hearing in Sanming Intermediate Peoples Court,Guo Jie,the judge handling the case,arranged for the woman to receive psychological aid and for her to live in a shelter in the city for about a month to prevent her from 3._(harm)again.Guo said she could not be s
34、ure 4._ the woman would be able to live a normal life in the future,but her bravery in speaking out to police 5._ domestic violence and in approaching the court to stop her“nightmare”should be applauded.In 2014,statistics 6._(release)by the Supreme Peoples Court,Chinas top court,showed that domestic
35、 violence 7._(occur)in 24.7 percent of Chinese families.The following year,the All-China Womens Federation also said that nearly 50,000 complaints it received 8._(annual)concerned such violence.“Domestic violence is an inevitable issue 9._ cannot be ignored when hearing family-related disputes,”Guo
36、said,adding that the number of divorce hearings caused by such cases has also been rising.In March 2016,the countrys first law against domestic violence took effect.“Many people didnt realize they 10._(suffer)this form of violence before the law was adopted,”the judge said.“But since then,some have
37、started to wake up and escape their nightmares.”【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了福建省三明市的一位妇女勇敢地拿起法律武器与家庭暴力作斗争的故事。1.【解析】to complain。考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。2.【解析】violence。考查名词。domestic violence意思是“家暴”。3.【解析】being harmed。考查非谓语动词。介词后要用动名词,根据语境这里需要用被动形式。4.【解析】if/whether。考查连词。该句意思是“不能确保这位妇女将来是否能够过正常的生活”。5.【解析】against。
38、考查介词。这里指“反抗家庭暴力”。6.【解析】released。考查非谓语动词。这里是过去分词短语作后置定语。7.【解析】occurred。考查时态。根据全文可以看出,这里应该用一般过去时。8.【解析】annually。考查副词。修饰谓语动词要用副词形式。9.【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。which/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。10.【解析】had suffered。考查时态。根据语境,这里的动作发生在谓语动词动作的前面,故用过去完成时。阅读填句How to improve your studies scientifically Our brain can possi
39、bly memorize 2.5 petabytes(千兆)of information.In order to use some of that surprising capacity(能力)a little more effectively when you learn,here are some tips that are based on widely-accepted research by learning experts.1Some enjoy watching videos over reading books,others study with friends,and som
40、e like sitting in silence among a million books.Everybody is different.Hard things first2,so do the things that are difficult first.Once you are done with the hard things,you will feel better for the rest of the day,and probably more motivated to get other things done.Space(分隔开)your studies3.Facts o
41、r vocabularies,for example,are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study,and then again after one week,and after one month.Instant self-testAfter your study,finish up with a quick quiz.Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what youve just l
42、earned can increase retention(记忆力)by as much as 30%.4,that extra effort creates deeper traces(痕迹)in your memory.Dont force itMotivation is like hunger.You cannot force yourself to be motivated,just like you cant tell someone else to be hungry.So,if you are not hungry right now,dont worry.5.A.Take fu
43、n seriouslyB.Find your own styleC.Take a break,and do something elseD.Good memory can grow your brains potentialE.Because its much harder for your brain to remember than to readF.Like most people,you have the strongest willpower in the morningG.To remember things for a longer time,repeat the materia
44、l after taking several breaks【文章大意】本文介绍了科学地提升学习能力的五种技巧。1.【解析】选B。由“Some enjoy watching videos over reading books,others study with friends,and some like sitting in silence among a million books.Everybody is different.”可知,有些人喜欢看视频而不是读书,有些人喜欢和朋友一起学习,还有一些人喜欢静静地坐在百万本书籍中间。每个人都不一样。所以本段主要在说明读者应找到自己的学习方式。B选项
45、“找到自己的学习方式”符合题意。故选B。2.【解析】选F。由“so do the things that are difficult first.”可知,所以先做困难的事情。通过so可以判断出此处与后一句在句意上是承接关系。F选项“像大多数人一样,你早上意志力最强”符合题意。故选F。3.【解析】选G。由“Facts or vocabularies,for example,are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study,and then again after one week,
46、and after one month.”可知,例如,如果你在学习后的一到两天、一周后和一个月后对所学的信息或词汇进行复习,你就会学得最好。所以此处主要说为了更长时间地记住事情,休息几次后重复所学内容,然后接下文具体说间隔的时间。G选项“为了更长时间地记住事情,休息几次后重复所学内容”符合题意。故选G。4.【解析】选E。由“Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what youve just learned can increase retention by as much as 30%.”可知,以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆,可以将记忆提高30%。所以此处要说明是什么原因导致了以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆,可以将记忆提高30%。E选项“因为对你的大脑来说,记忆要比阅读困难得多”符合题意。故选E。5.【解析】选C。由本段小标题“Dont force it”以及“So,if you are not hungry right now,dont worry.”可知,作者在本段中建议学习时不要勉强自己。所以如果没有动力,那就休息一会儿,做点其他的事情。C选项“休息一会儿,做点其他的事情”符合题意。故选C。
