1、Unit 4A glimpse of the futureStarting out&Understanding ideas 词汇积淀素养初探.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语1.my own super-smart personal _(助手)2.the first _(受害者)of AI3._(潜在地)at risk4.intellectual _(能力)5._(分析)vast amounts of data6._(非法的)or _(不道德的)behaviourassistantvictimspotentiallycapacityanalyseillegalimmoral.选词填空ha
2、ng out,wipe.out,in the long run,at risk,lie in1.And speaking of _,Im hoping that self-driving cars are available soon.2.If were lucky,AI might think were valuable enough to keep around.If not,it might _ us all _!3.Nearly every job is potentially at risk _.4.As it is,almost 50 per cent of US jobs are
3、 _from automation in the next 20 years.hanging outwipeoutin the long runat risk5.I believe most of the value of AI _its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data.lies in阅读精研素养构建.文本整体理解:理清文章架构Artificial intelligence:A real threat?Millenniumbutterfly:Developments in AI will on the whole m
4、ake doing day-to-day things a lot 1._.It saved me about half the time spent 2._ _.And speaking of hanging out,Im hoping that 3._ _ are available soon,because I havent got my licence yet.easierresearching newrestaurantsself-drivingcarsPopkid:None of us is prepared for the 4._ of AI.We humans could be
5、 seen as a“small”5._ thats in the way of a solution to a bigger problem.If humans are not lucky,AI might 6._!The taxi drivers will lose their jobs because of self-driving cars.They would just be among 7._of AI.Nearly every job is potentially at risk 8._.Pink_haze:We have come to 9._ machine learning
6、 as a part of our modern world.AI can solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.However,if super-intelligent AI goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands,it could also be the most 10._.challengesinconveniencewipe humans all outthe first victimsin the long runacceptdangerous.文本细节理解:探寻语
7、篇细节信息1.Whats the passage mainly about?A.Three views on AI.B.The greatest human achievement.C.The biggest threat.D.Self-driving cars.2.What makes Millenniumbutterflys PA find the right place in a few seconds?A.The super-smart personal assistant.B.The artificial intelligence.C.Millenniumbutterflys pre
8、ference.D.Millenniumbutterflys recommendation.3.What can you learn from Para.3?A.A basic form of AI could help us solve problems without programming.B.A truly independent form of AI will always consider the requirements of humans.C.AI is capable of exercising its own judgement.D.Humans may be regard
9、ed as obstacles by more advanced AI.4.Pink_haze will agree with the following opinions except_.A.Humans should adjust to the existence of AIB.AI can handle some problems that human experts cantC.Humans should regulate AI for fear that it is taken advantage of by evil personsD.Humans have no choice b
10、ut to embrace AI despite its illegal or immoral behaviour5.We can learn from the passage that_.A.Self-driving cars are available soonB.Self-driving cars must face machine-learning problemsC.Self-driving cars may result in taxi drivers losing their jobsD.Taxi drivers are the first victims of AI答案:15.
11、ABCDC.文本素养提升:阅读技能综合运用1.根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。2.译文:_每一个建议都很棒,_3._。她给我的因为她能预测我是否会喜欢某一家特别的餐馆译文:当然,_是非常有用的一种真正独立的、_人工智能,可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。拥有一种更先进的人工智能能够行使自己判断能力的2.根据课文完成短文。Millenniumbutterfly is in favor of AI and thinks that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot(1)_(easy).M
12、illenniumbutterflys own super-smart personal assistant(2)_(build)into the phone always has an immediate answer for any question Millenniumbutterfly puts to her,and even(3)_(use)Millenniumbutterflys answers to learn more about Millenniumbutterflys(4)_(preference).However,Popkid disagrees.As far as Po
13、pkid is concerned,although a(5)_(true)independent AI could help humans solve many of the worlds problems,it would not consider the opinions and desires of humans.easierbuiltusespreferencestrulyIn Pink_hazes opinion,humans have no choice but(6)_(embrace)it and regulate it.The value of AI lies(7)_ its
14、 capacity to analyseand interpret vast amounts of data,(8)_ means it can even solve problems that are too(9)_(challenge)for human experts.But if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands,it could also be the most(10)_(danger).to embraceinwhichchallengingdangerous3.阅读主题活动。Talk about the following q
15、uestions in pairs,and find out the best answer.(1)In what way does AI have an impact on your daily life?_ _(2)Should we humans limit the development of AI?Why?_Household appliances such as electric lights,televisions,air conditioners andso on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smart phone with
16、 a touchscreen.Maybe one day we will control the development of artificial intelligence.Butnow,we need to develop artificial intelligence to solve some real problems.Anyway,there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.要点精研素养奠基1.assistant n.助手,助理 adj.副的;辅助的;助理的*Thanks to AI,Ive got my
17、 own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.多亏了人工智能,我的手机里内置了我自己的超级智能私人助理。*Career guidance specialists can provide information and assist you in making wise decisions for your future.职业指导专家可以为你提供信息,帮助你为你的未来做出明智的决定。*(2020新高考全国卷)We really should do something to assist them.我们确实应该做些事情来帮助他们。*
18、(2020全国卷)For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.如需协助,请致电13 16 17昆士兰铁路公司。【语块积累】(1)assist vt.帮助;协助;援助assist sb.in/with sth.在某事上帮助某人(2)assistance n.帮助;援助;支持【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Besides,I have such a good command of English that I am elected as _(assist)to my English teacher.(2)一句多译。如果您能帮助我制定一个
19、旅游线路我将不胜感激。I _if you could _a tour route.I _if you could _a tour route.I _if you could _a tour route.assistantwould be very gratefulassist me to makewould appreciate itassist me in makingwould be appreciatedassist me in making2.victim n.受害者*They would just be among the first victims of AI.他们将成为人工智能的
20、第一批受害者。*(2019北京高考)Taking advantage of the new technologies,scammer can aim at victims precisely.利用新技术,骗子可以精确地瞄准受害者。*(2020天津高考)It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victimto cheaters.它防止那些与社会隔绝的人成为骗子的受害者。【语块积累】【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Infectious diseases are spreading among many of the flood _
21、(victim).(2)At Brussels airport he fell victim _ pickpockets who pinched(偷)his wallet.victimsto3.potentially adv.潜在地*Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.从长远来看,几乎每一份工作都有潜在的风险。*(2018北京高考)But however long it takes,the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems
22、 and our cities.但无论需要多长时间,这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和城市。*(2018江苏高考)Investment in arts could produce potential positive economic results.对艺术的投资可能产生潜在的积极经济成果。【语块积累】(1)potential n.潜在性;可能性;潜力;潜质 adj.可能的;潜在的(2)potential for.的潜力/可能性have/show potential有潜力/表现出潜力achieve/fulfill/realize ones potential 发挥某人的潜能have the
23、potential to do 有做的潜力【即学活用】(1)语法填空。I must say that I have the potential _(work)as an instructor.Its believed the affair was _(potential)harmful to British aviation.(2)Although her ability in art hasnt yet developed,she _.尽管她艺术方面的能力还没有发展,但她有作为艺术家的巨大潜力。(3)The school makes every effort to treat student
24、s as individuals and to help them _.学校尽一切努力把学生视作个体,并帮助他们充分发挥潜力。to workpotentiallyhas great potential asan artistachieve their full potential4.capacity n.能力,才能*I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data,which means it can even solve problems t
25、hat are too challenging for human experts.我认为,人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解释大量数据的能力,这意味着它甚至可以解决对人类专家来说过于具有挑战性的问题。*Limited resources are restricting our capacity for developing new products.有限的资源正制约着我们开发新产品的能力。*We love Mr Lin,our English teacher very much because he is capable of making the class interesting.我们非
26、常喜欢我们的英语老师林老师,因为他能够将课堂变得有趣。【语块积累】(1)a capacity to do/for(doing)sth.做某事的能力(2)capableadj.有能力的;能干的be capable of能够be capable to do sth.有能力做某事incapable adj.不能的;无能力的(3)capabilityn.才能,能力【熟词生义】Two water tanks provide a total capacity of 400 litres.()两个水箱的总容量为400升。容纳,容量【即学活用】语法填空。(1)We conserved resources an
27、d the environment to enhance capacity _ sustainable development.(2)In the wake of developments in science and technology,man has become more capable _ conquering nature.(3)We should tell ourselves that we are capable _ overcome our weakness,though it needs much time.forofto5.We have no choice but to
28、 embrace it and regulate it.我们别无选择,只能接受和控制它。【句式解构】句中have no choice but意为“除外别无选择”,but后接动词不定式to do。*I have no choice but to postpone a couple of consumption plan.我别无选择,只能推迟两个消费计划。*When you see their clothing and where and how they live,you cant help but have sympathy.当你看到他们的衣着、他们生活的地方和方式,你会情不自禁地产生同情。*
29、The tourists have nothing to do but take pictures of each other.游客们无事可做,只有相互拍照。【名师点津】cant help but do=cant help doing 忍不住做某事have nothing to do but do sth.除了做某事无事可做There is nothing to do but do除了做,别无他法do nothing but do什么也没做除了【巧学助记】but to do还是but do?(1)当but前面存在实义动词do的任何形式,介词but后就省去不定式符号to。(2)当but前没有实义
30、动词do的任何形式,介词but后用to do。【即学活用】(1)(2019天津高考)She _stop mom from reading.她忍不住要阻止妈妈看书。(2)If it rains tomorrow,there will be _in the hotel.如果明天下雨的话,没事可干只能在宾馆待着。couldnt help butnothing to do but stay【要点拾遗】We all need to learn to live with AI technology whether we like it or are concerned about it.无论我们喜欢它或是
31、对它担忧,我们都需要学会与人工智能技术共存。【句式解构】whether.or.“无论是还是,不管是还是”,常引导让步状语从句。*(2018全国卷)Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.不管你是在看墙纸还是油漆,花在上面的时间、精力和相关费用都是有意义的。*(2019天津高考)People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a truck,o
32、r running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are.那些努力追求卓越的人不管是开卡车的还是开商店的通过坚守自己的本性让世界变得更好。*(2020江苏高考)Multiple genes behaved differently,depending on whethersomeone had eaten or not before walking.多种基因表现不同,这取决于一个人在行走前是否吃过东西。【名师点津】(1)whether.or.也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。(2)whether
33、可以和or not连用。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。It is not clear _ they will consider this opinion or not.Whether in the home _ the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.(2)Once we were left to decide _.曾经有人让我们决定是在公园里野餐还是去参观博物馆。whetherorwhether to have a picnic in a park or go
34、 to visita museum(3)(2019浙江高考)But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of _.但是如果他每天都在场上努力打球,你就应该表扬他的努力,不管他所在的球队是赢是输。whether his team wins or loses【一语闻天下】1.In revoking its emergency approval of hydroxychloroquine and the second drug,chloroquine,the F.D.A
35、.said on Monday that a review of studies had indicated that their potential benefits in treating COVID-19,the disease caused by the virus,did not outweigh the risks.撤销对羟氯喹和第二药物氯喹的紧急批准,食品药物管理局周一表示,研究综述表明这两类药物在治疗由病毒引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎方面的潜在好处,不大于风险。2.“Art therapy is typically funded by insurers,”Dina Schapiro,
36、assistant chair for the Pratt Institutes Creative Arts Therapy Department,said.“艺术疗法通常是由保险公司资助的,”普拉特学院创意艺术治疗部门的副主席Dina Schapiro说。3.Now,a study published this month in Conservation Biology provides a more complete overview of the illegal trade,bringing together data from all of Central and South Amer
37、ica.现在,本月发表在保护生物学(Conservation Biology)杂志上的一项研究对非法贸易提供了更全面的概述,其中汇集了所有来自中美洲和南美洲的数据。4.“Inhaling through the nose stimulates the release of hormones and nitric oxide,which helps to regulate vital functions like blood pressure and increase oxygenation throughout the body,”Mr Nestor said in an email.“用鼻子
38、吸气会刺激激素和一氧化氮的释放,有助于调节像血压这样的重要的身体机能,促进全身的氧化作用,”内斯特先生在电子邮件中说。课时检测素养达标.根据语境和汉语提示写出正确的单词1.(2018天津高考)I had to change my attitude about their ability and _(潜能).2.The city is dotted with small lakes,natural and _(人造的).3.I leave most of the organization of these conferences to my _(助手).4.The _(受害人)was outsi
39、de a shop when he was attacked.5.It is very unnerving to find out that someone you see every day is carrying a _(潜在地)deadly virus.6.Today,China is the worlds largest automobile producer,with more than double the _(能力)of the United States.potentialartificialassistantvictimpotentiallycapacity7.We shou
40、ld _(分析)what they said and not just agree with everything.8.It is _(非法的)to sell cigarettes to children who are under age.9.Ive got a lot of nerve telling you that what you do might be _(不道德的).10.Its an important process that helps to _(调节)the global climate.analyseillegalimmoralregulate.用恰当的介/副词填空1.
41、The good news is,we agree _ some of the big things.2.We can all benefit by acknowledging that we can fall _ this trap.3.Be prepared _ lots of rejections before you land a job.4.Anne was intelligent and capable _passing her exams with ease.5.We hope one day all the violence and poverty will be wiped
42、_ in the whole world and we can live a really harmonious life.onintoforofout6._ the whole,people miss the opportunity to enjoy leisure.7.His mother is concerned _ his future and his happiness.8.Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus _ by bicycles.9.It remains to be seen _ or not this idea can b
43、e put into practice.10.I have no choice _ to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material attached to the letter.Onaboutorwhetherbut.结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文 如今,人工智能(artificial intelligence)越来越为我们人类(humanity)所熟知。人工智能作为我们的助手(assistant)逐渐进入我们的日常生活,它给我们的社会带来了极大的便利和进步。然而有些人认为人工智能也存在着潜在的(pot
44、ential)危险。如果落入坏人的手中(fall into the wrong hands),人工智能可能被利用来做一些非法的和不道德的(illegal and immoral)事情,我们最终也会成为受害者(victim)。实际上,我们应该客观地分析(analyse)这个问题,我相信我们有能力(capacity)控制(regulate)人工智能。_ _ Nowadays,artificial intelligence is becoming more and more familiar tous humanity.AI is gradually entering our daily life
45、as our assistant,it bringsgreat convenience and progress to our society.However,some people believethat AI is also potentially dangerous.If it falls into the wrong hands,AI maybe used to do something illegal and immoral,and we will eventually becomevictims.In fact,we should objectively analyse this
46、issue.I believe we have thecapacity to regulate AI.课时素养评价十 Unit 4Starting out&Understanding ideas【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.Harrer was one of the first climbers _(climb)the north slope of theEiger.2.I know you think Im incurably nosy,but the truth is Im concerned _ you.3.The delay is caused by the extra securit
47、y features _(build)into the new driving licence.to climbaboutbuilt4.All my time was spent _(look)after little Cathy,who brought sunshine into our lives.5._(speak)of the influence on China,I think the answers have already been mentioned by many people.6.All the time,we _(prepare)to tackle with an out
48、break that may spread in the community.7.There were many people travelling,so she felt a lot _(safe).lookingSpeakinghave been preparingsafer8.It could also be useful in online teaching _(show)whether someone understands what is being explained.9.Exercise is valuable enough _(resist)weight gain.10.He
49、 used his wifes birthday as a convenient excuse _ not going to the meeting.to showto resistfor.完成句子1.I _you and I need you like I need air to breathe.没有你我将无法生存,我需要你正如我需要空气呼吸。2._you like that university,you can _.既然你不能预测你是否喜欢那所大学,那么你可以考虑一下我的推荐。3.In fact,the bird _land on the handle of an axe that had
50、 been used to destroy its original home.实际上,这只鸟别无选择,只能落在被用来破坏它原来家园的斧柄上。cant live withoutSince you cant predict ifconsider myrecommendationhad no choice but to4.I support you _.不管你选择上大学还是工作,我都支持你。5._all men are created equal.有一件事我想我们大家都同意,那就是人人生而平等。whether you choose to go to college or choose to wor
51、kOne thing I think we all agree on is that【主题阅读】.阅读理解A(2020北京高二检测)Elon Musk,perhaps the worlds most famous businessman,has a habit of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability.On July 16th,2019,he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI),starting from the design of a“ne
52、ural lace(神经织网)”,a net of thin electrodes(电极)that capture the information from the brain.However,the electrodes must be flexible,so that they do not damage brain tissue and will lastfor a long time.And to make the implantation(植入)of so many electrodes safe,painless and effective,the process has to b
53、e automated.Mr Musks team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these goals.Its presentation included videos of a robot that is best described as a sewing machine.This robot grabs“threads”,and shoots them deep into the brain through a hole.The firm has also designed a chip that can handle s
54、ignals from as many as 3,072 electrodes.With all these technological breakthroughs,the firm now hopes to help people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis.They designed a small device that would sit behind someones ear,picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as ap
55、propriate.In a few years,using a brain implant to control your devices may be as prevalent as wearing wirelessearphones today.Finally,Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be combined with AI systems,thus enabling the species to survive.Though,as this announcement shows,Mr Musk does have a
56、habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race,the idea that some machines at least will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out.The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves,but rather
57、 persuading people that the necessary surgery,whether by sewing machine or otherwise,is actually a good idea.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Elon Musk提出的新型脑机交互的想法,并从现今研究成果和未来应用前景进行了详细说明。1.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that _.A.electrodes should be flexible to extend lifeB.Elon Musk constantly come
58、s up with unexpected ideasC.a neural lace is used to store information from the brainD.electrodes are implanted by top surgeons for safety reasons【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Elon Musk.has a habit of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability.和第二段中“On July 16th,2019,he introduced a new type o
59、f brain-machine interface(BMI)”可知Elon Musk经常能提出前所未闻的想法,B项符合题意。2.What does the underlined word“prevalent”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Useful.B.Common.C.Professional.D.Appropriate.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第四段中“They designed a small device that would sit behind someones ear,picking up signals from the implante
60、d chip and passing them on as appropriate.”可知,现在设计的小设备安装在人的耳后,从植入芯片中收集信息,然后以合适的方式传递下去。表明现在的应用较为复杂。画线词所在句的表述为几年后,与现在形成对比关系,表明这项技术会变得更为普遍和简易。通过翻译选项可知,B项common“普遍的”切合题意。故选B。3.What is the hardest part of carrying out BMI?A.Convincing people to accept the surgery.B.Developing devices to perform the surge
61、ry.C.Writing the software to interpret brainwaves.D.Informing people of the success of the surgery.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves,but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery.”可知,最大的阻碍可能不是
62、写脑电波所需的软件,而是说服人们做必要的外科手术。意在表明BMI最艰难的部分是说服人们接受必要的外科手术。故选A。4.What is the best title of this passage?A.The Neural Lace,A New Type of BMIB.Elon Musk,the Hero of Human BeingsC.Artificial Intelligence,the Way to SurviveD.A Brain Implant,A Step to Control Machines【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第二段中“On July 16th,2019,he in
63、troduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI).”可知2019年7月16日,他提出了一个关于新型脑机交互的想法。接下来全文围绕新型脑机交互(BMI)进行展开说明,因此可知A项“神经织网,一种新型的脑机交互”切题。故选A。【方法技巧】猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。是阅读理解的常考题型,题干中通常含有mean,refer to或者be replaced by等。例如第2小题中的“In a few years,using a brain implant to control yo
64、ur devices may be as prevalent as wearing wireless earphones today.”根据同位或解释关系,当作者不能十分确定读者能够理解他的意思时,会用另外一种方式来进一步详细解释或用类比关系衬托自己的观点表述。句中as起到了连接前后句语境的作用,通过后句的类比关系暗示画线词的含义,考生要将前后两句都读完才能理清语境间内在联系,进而准确地推测出画线词的含义。BThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.First consider somet
65、hing as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“Im an inside guy,”Mik
66、e Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,its just as easy to pedal violently.You can w
67、atch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up
68、 with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinksyoure falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoyingthats
69、 why some people feel sick.“Within a couple of daystruly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.Tha
70、ts why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time onc
71、e astronauts return home,and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙:在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于合适的睡眠姿势;宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛;宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修
72、养期以及如何在往返太空的时间里长久地保持力量和健康。5.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as
73、simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.”可知在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于合适的睡眠姿势。故选A。6.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when_.A.they circle around on their bikesB.they use microcomputers without a stopC.they exercise in one place for a long timeD.they watch a movie wh
74、ile pedaling【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.”可知宇航员在一个地方待久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C。7.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because_.A.their senses stop
75、 workingB.they have to stand up straightC.they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD.their brains receive contradictory messages【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks youre failing.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.”可知
76、宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选D。8.One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is_.A.how much exercise they do on the stationB.how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC.whether they can recover after returning homeD.whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on
77、 fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:.and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness.”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B。.阅读填句(2020慈溪高二检测)After a long day at work,coming home is a breat
78、h of fresh air.1However,is it as healthy as it can be?Below are a number of things we can do to create a healthy home environment that will help to ease the workday stress and promote our physical and mental health.Cleaning the house regularly is the first thing we should do.It may seem like a tirin
79、g thing to clean but there is a reason for doing so.We can remove dust by cleaning the house.Leaving layers of dust everywhere means that there is a build-up of dust.2Into our lungs.Making sure the rooms are full of sunlight is also important.We may not realize it but sunlight is an important part o
80、f our growth.We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions.3Think about using a Paranssystem where sunlight does not reach.This technology gathers the sunlight by using solar panels(板).It can send out sunlight wherever we are.4Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air.They
81、also give off oxygen,which can lower stress and improve our moods.Along the lines of being green,it can also be vital to think about what things we are bringing into the house.Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health.5They may contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in,or s
82、imply absorbed through the skin.A.And where do these layers of dust go?B.Is our home as safe as it used to be?C.Home is a comfortable place to sit back and relax.D.The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.E.It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.F.Besides,it can reduce bot
83、h stress and high blood pressure.G.It is acknowledged that a greener lifestyle is linked to better health.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章指出我们为创造一个健康的家庭环境可以做的一些事情,这将有助于缓解工作压力,促进我们的身心健康。1.【解析】选C。上文After a long day at work,coming home is a breath of fresh air.(在漫长的一天工作之后,回家是一种新鲜空气)与C项:Home is a comfortable place to s
84、it back and relax.(家是一个舒适的地方,可以坐下来休息)承接自然,上下文都讲了家的好处,是明显的并列结构,home是关键词,故选C。2.【解析】选A。下文Into our lungs.(进入我们的肺部。)与A项:And where do these layers of dust go?(这些灰尘都去哪儿了呢?)承接自然,A选项提出问题,下文回答问题,故选A。3.【解析】选F。上文We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions.(我们都知道,阳光可以更好地提升工作条件)与F项:Besides,it can
85、 reduce both stress and high blood pressure.(此外,它可以减轻压力和高血压。)承接自然,F选项中的it指代上文的sunlight,故选F。4.【解析】选E。下文Going green will help to remove toxins in the air.(绿色有助于去除空气中的有毒物质。)与E项:It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.(在我们的房子里放更多的绿植也是一个好主意。)承接自然,上下文是明显的并列关系,都讲述如何让家变得更健康,故选E。5.【解析】选D。下文The
86、y may contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in,or simply absorbed through the skin.(它们可能含有有毒的化学物质,那些物质可以被人吸入,也容易通过皮肤被人体吸收。)与D项:The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.(一些地毯和油漆也存在同样的情况。)承接自然,下文的they指代D选项中的carpets and paint,故选D。.结合语境写出黑体短语的含义1.He was afraid the secret papers mig
87、ht fall into the wrong hands.()2.More delightfully,the education in China has made great leap forward.()3.This candidates advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.()4.We were hoping to finish it this weekas it is,it may be next week.()落入坏人之手巨大进步在于实际上;事实上5.Helping other
88、s succeed actually helps you in the long run.()6.Mr Lafley managed to keep around 95%of Gillette staff who were asked to stay.()7.He wouldnt allow emotions to get in the way of him doing his job.()8.Recently,a new generation of mirrorless cameras have hit the market.()从长远来看将保留在周围妨碍,阻碍上市,投入市场.阅读理解(20
89、20合肥高二检测)LONDON To get a mobile phone as a gift for 14th birthday,Lucy declared to her parents that everyone else has one.Her parents gave in.Curious to know how her daughter would use the phone,Jane Bidder,the mother,followed Lucy to the school bus in the morning.The bus seats 20,of whom half have
90、a mobile phone.One phone rings and several adolescent owners fumble with their bags.Many parents have just come to realize that the mobile phone is no longer for traveling businessmen it is as likely to be found in school bags.The mobile phone seems to have become something essential for todays teen
91、s in Britain,according to a survey published last week,by NOP,a leading market research company in Britain.Research found that 66 percent of 16-year-olds now have access to a mobile phone.The mobile phone has been turned into a secret messaging service by teen users.When they are talking on the mobi
92、le,their parents are not able to eavesdrop on the second line.The interview with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text messaging service because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch.The days of secret notes in the classroom are dying out.For example,“cul”means“see you
93、 later”;“lol”means“laugh out loud”;and“2nite”is the abbreviation of“tonight”.All these are based on shorthand phrases on the Internet.Many schools have banned students using mobile phones.But they are not very successful.Still phones ring in the class and disturb study.Besides,people are worried abo
94、ut the health risk to kids using mobile phones.Scientists believe children are especially vulnerable(易受伤的)mobile radiation.【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章通过讲述Lucy 要求父母给她买手机的故事告诉读者英国父母逐渐接受孩子们拥有手机这一现象。1.The story of Lucy is told to show us_.A.British parents always meet their childrens needsB.how British parents acce
95、pt the truth of teenagers owning a mobile phoneC.British kids have good relationship with their parentsD.why every child gets a mobile phone as a birthday present in the UK【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章第一、二段讲述了Lucy要求父母给她买手机的事例,接着第三段Many parents have just come to realize that the mobile phone is no longer for trave
96、ling businessmenit is as likely to be found in school bags.引出话题。由此可知,作者举例 Lucy 的故事是为了告诉读者英国父母是如何接受青少年拥有手机的现实的。故选B。2.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.People worry about the harm to the kids health by using mobile phone.B.Teenagers want to have their own secret.
97、C.Teenagers like to send messages to each other.D.Lucy does not get the mobile phone she wants.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Her parents gave in.可知,Lucy的父母向她屈服,也就是说,她父母给她买了手机,因此D项Lucy does not get the mobile phone she wants(Lucy没有得到她想要的手机)与原文不符。故选D。3.The underlined word“eavesdrop”means_.A.join in activelyB.
98、interrupt rudelyC.listen secretlyD.watch carefully【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第六段第一句The interview with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text messaging service because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch.可知,短信服务给青少年们提供一种隐秘的交流方式。由此推断,当他们讲电话时,父母再也不能“偷听”了,因此 eavesdrop意为“偷听”。故选C。4.Interviews discover children like to send messages instead of_.A.calling each otherB.playing games onlineC.writing to each otherD.greeting each other【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知,对2019名7岁至16岁的年轻人的采访发现,他们喜欢短信服务是因为这是一种保持联系的隐秘方式。在教室里放秘密纸条的日子正在消失。由此得出,青少年们更喜欢短信交流,而传纸条已经快绝迹了。故选C。
