1、Unit 1 Knowing me,knowing youPeriod 3Using language 语法精析课语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,回答以下问题。原句1Disappointed by his behaviour,I said all this to my best friend.I was just letting off steam really.原句2Embarrassed and ashamed,I cant concentrate on anything.原句3Believing that she is Rileys most important emotion,
2、Joy always tries to take the lead.原句4Eventually,realising that every emotion has a role,Joy understands it is okay for Riley to feel sad sometimes.【生成得】过去分词作状语_,_现在分词作状语_,_1 23 4【研学析】.过去分词(短语)作状语1.定义:过去分词(短语)作状语,表示动作发生的背景或情况,其逻辑主语都是句子的主语。2.功能:过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。(1)作时间状语时,可转化为when,w
3、hile或after等引导的状语从句。(2)作条件状语时,可转化为if,once或unless等引导的状语从句。(3)作原因状语时,可转化为as,since或because等引导的状语从句。(4)作让步状语时,可转化为although,though或even if等引导的状语从句。(5)作方式状语时,如有连词as if就可转化为as if引导的方式状语从句,若无连词,则可转化为并列结构。(6)作伴随状语时,一般可转化为并列结构。【点拨迷津】(1)过去分词作状语时,有时为了强调,前面可带有连词,如when,while,if,as if,unless,until等,以使句意表达得更清楚。(2)过去
4、分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,否则需加上自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。(3)有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词和短语常见的有:lost(迷失的),seated(就座的),hidden(隐藏的),lost/absorbed(沉浸于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦)等。.过去分词/现在分词作状语的区别逻辑关系时间概念过去分词作状语所表示动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即表被动所表示动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示动作之前,或表示“一种状态”,与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生现在分词作状语所表示动作
5、与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,即表主动现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生;现在分词的完成式(having done)表示动作发生在谓语动作之前【点拨迷津】过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式(having been done)作状语时,都具有被动意义,有时可以互换,但是having been done结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动作。【内化用】题组一:用所给词汇的正确形式填空1._(give)health,I can do it well.2._(laugh)at by many people,he continued his study.3.(2019天津
6、高考)However,technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,_(touch)lives in countless ways.4._(realise)that he made a mistake,he made an apology to us.5.(2019北京高考)Earth Day,_(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protec
7、tion.6.Mrs Wu came in,_(follow)by her daughter.GivenLaughedtouchingRealisingmarkedfollowed题组二:句型转换(分词形式变为状语从句)Having been shown around the library,we came to the classroom building._,we came to the classroom building.Moved by the story,he decided to study harder._,he decided to study harder.United,w
8、e stand;divided,we fall._united,we stand;_divided,we fall.After we were shown around the libraryBecause he was moved by the storyIf/When we areif/when we areOnce visited,the city will never be forgotten._,the city will never be forgotten.Although having been published many times,the book still sells
9、 well in the market._many times,the book still sells well in the market.Once it is visitedAlthough it has been published【常温故勤总结】分词作状语,主语是问题。逗号前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。having done表先后,千万牢记在心中。.用括号内词的适当形式填空1.When I came in,I saw him _(sit)in the sofa and doing nothing.2.Although _(warn)o
10、f danger,tourists cant help taking photos near the cliff.3._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.4._(send)to the hospital immediately,the _(wound)soldier was saved.5.While _(walk)along the street,I heard my name _(call).6.John rushed out in a hurry,leaving the door _(unlock).课
11、时素养达标sittingwarnedLostSentwoundedcalledunlockedwalking7.Once _(lose),such a good chance might never come again.8._(attract)by the beauty of nature,the girl decided to spend another two weeks on the farm.9.The bell rang,_(interrupt)the heated discussion.10._(gather)around the fire,the tourists danced
12、 with the local people.lostAttractedinterruptingGathering.选词填空1.With the governments aid,those _by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.(affected,affecting)2.Clearly and thoughtfully _,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(written,writing)3._to Engl
13、ish movies frequently,the students have acquired many useful idioms.(exposed,exposing)4._in the poorest area of Glassgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.(raised,raising)affectedwrittenExposedRaised5._from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(seen
14、,seeing)6._to get a ticket of the concert,he didnt mind standing in a long queue.(determined,determining)7.(2019北京高考)Nervously _challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.(faced,facing)8.The party will be held in the garden,weather _.(permitted,permitting)9._as one
15、of the most important inventions of time,computer helps people living in different countries to do a lot of things.(known;knowing)10.My mother sat before the desk until after midnight,_in writing.(absorbed,absorbing)SeenDeterminedfacingpermittingKnownabsorbed.语法填空1._(attract)by the description of a
16、beautiful city in the newspaper,Jack decided to do something for the 2._(surround)of his own.First,he took 3._ recycling to save resources.Then he called on people to save grains,because he found 4._ hard to tolerate wasting in the daily life.After that,5._(guide)by an expert,he had his previous pla
17、n 6.(adjust)and tried to make a switch.7._(unite)with a group of people 8._ had the same interest with him,he made an effort to handle the 9._(pollute)river.Though 10._(reject)sometimes,he never gives up.Supported by many citizens,he is optimistic about the future of his city.【语篇解读】本文主要讲了杰克为了使他在的那个城
18、市的明天更美好,开始做环保的故事。1.【解析】Attracted。考查非谓语动词作状语。Jack和attract之间是动宾关系,用过去分词形式作原因状语,故填Attracted。2.【解析】surroundings。考查名词。surrounding作名词讲,常用复数表示“环境”,故填surroundings。3.【解析】up。考查固定短语。take up 固定短语,表示“开始;从事;拿起”,故填up。4.【解析】it。考查代词。此处用it作found的形式宾语,故填it。5.【解析】guided。考查非谓语动词。由后面的by可知,用过去分词形式表示被动,故填guided。6.【解析】adjus
19、ted。考查非谓语动词。此处have sth.done 是固定结构,表示“使某事被做”,故填adjusted。7.【解析】United。考查非谓语动词。本句中unite与其逻辑主语he之间是动宾关系,表示“他被建议和其他有相同志趣的人联合起来”,故填United。8.【解析】who/that。考查定语从句的引导词。本句中先行词是people,表示人,关系代词可以用who/that,故填who/that。9.【解析】polluted。考查非谓语动词。此处用过去分词形式修饰其后的名词river,作定语,故填polluted。10.【解析】rejected。考查非谓语动词。reject和其逻辑主语he之间是动宾关系,表示“被拒绝”,故填rejected。本课结束
