1、Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionPeriod 3Learning About Language语法精析课语法精讲透析直接引语和间接引语【体验悟】阅读下面句子,体会直接引语变间接引语的几个变化1.He said to me,“You are wrong.”He told me that I was wrong.2.She said,“Is your father an engineer?”She asked me whether my father was an engineer.3.He asked,“Where are you going to get off,
2、John?”He asked John where he was going to get off.4.He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”He asked me to go there again the next day.5.The teacher asked the boy,“How many pages have you read today?”The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.【生成得】直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语有以下几种变化:若直接引语为陈述
3、句,用连词_来引导间接宾语,且人称和_等都要作相应的变化;若直接引语为一般疑问句,用连词_或_来引导间接宾语,疑问句语序变为_语序;若直接引语为特殊疑问句,用原来的_来引导间接宾语,疑问句语序变为陈述句语序;若直接引语为祈使句,间接宾语用“动词+宾语+_”结构,通常表示命令、建议、请求等;直接引语变间接引语时,_状语和_状语,人称代词,指示代词和某些方向动词都要作相应变化。that时态ifwhether陈述句疑问词不定式地点时间【研学析】.基本概念 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出,称为直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号的称为间接引语。.直接引语变
4、为间接引语时各种句式的转换1.引述陈述句时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略。),主句动词主要用say,tell,explain等。He said,“I like it very much.”He said _ He said,“Ive left my book in your room.”He told me _.that he liked it very much.that he had left his book in my room2.引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时,通常用whether或if引导,而引述选择疑问句时,用whether引导,语序用陈述句语序。原句中的谓语动词s
5、aid改为asked。He asked,“will your mother come?”_He asked,“They live in groups,dont they?”_ She asked,“Have you seen the film?”_ He asked me whether my mother would come.He asked whether they lived in groups.She wondered if/whether I had seen the film.3.引述特殊疑问句时,用原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.),语序用陈述
6、句语序。“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?”Bill asked.Bill asked _“What are you doing now?”Mom asked.Mom asked _“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.My friend asked me _.where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.what I was doing then.what I did every Sunday morning4.引述祈使句
7、通常用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句,要在动词不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句,常用动词order,tell,warn;引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask,beg;引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动词advise等。The captain said to his men,“Fire!”_ He said,“Do have a look at yourself first.”_ He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”_ The captain ordered his men to fire.He advised me to hav
8、e a look at myself first.He told the boys not to make so much noise.直接引语变间接引语时的几种变化1.人称的变化引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致;引号内的第二人称与主句宾语的人称保持一致;引号内的第三人称不变。He said,“Im a senior partner in a law firm.”He said that _ was a senior partner in a law firm.He said to Lily,“You must make good use of the chance.”He
9、 told Lily _ must make good use of the chance.She said to me,“They want to purchase a new car.”She told me that _wanted to purchase a new car.heshethey2.时态的变化直接引语的谓语动词为现在时形式,变为间接引语时,动词时态变为过去时;如果是过去时形式,间接引语中的动词变成相应的过去完成时形式。通常遵循以下规则:直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时He said,“She will come here to
10、have a long holiday.”_直接引语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.She said to me,“You play basketball better than me.”_“I bought this watch for my father,”Kate said._He said,“I am living with my cousin.”_ She told me that I played basketball better th
11、an her.Kate said she had bought that watch for her father.He said that he was living with his cousin.3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforelast weekthe week beforetomorrowthe next daynext weekthe next week直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere方向动词comegob
12、ringtake“Ill come and see you again this evening,Tom,”he said.He told Tom that he would go and see him again _ Mr Green asked,“Jack,have you passed the exam yesterday?”Mr Green asked Jack whether he had passed the exam _ The old man said,“I like to talk with these young men.”The old man said he like
13、d to talk with _ young men.that evening.the day before.those.直接引语变间接引语时,时态保持不变的几种情况1.直接引语是客观真理、格言、谚语。2.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。3.直接引语是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语时,时态不变。“Light travels much faster than sound,”my father said.My father said that light _ much faster than sound.John said,“I wa
14、s born on June 8,2000.”John said he _on June 8,2000.He said,“I have breakfast at seven every morning.”He said he _ breakfast at seven every morning.travelswas bornhas【内化用】把下列直接引语变成间接引语“Do you study English or French?”she asked.She asked _He asked,“How are you getting along with your life?”He asked _
15、“Dont waste time on the useless things,”said Mary.Mary told me _.I said to him,“I lost my money last night.”I told him _.whether I studied English or French.how I was getting along with my life.not to waste time on the useless thingsthat I had lost my money the night before【常温故勤总结】1.一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀”:i
16、f/whether接引语,陈述语序莫忘记;人称、时态和状语,变化需用陈述句。2.祈使句变间接引语,遵循以下原则:一改:said(to)改为asked或told;二变:said to的宾语变成asked等的宾语;三加:在动词原形前加to,使其成为动词不定式;四去:去掉please。3.人称变化记忆口诀:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。.单句语法填空1.The man asked me _I could lend him some money or not.2.Jane asked him _he was late for the party that day.3.His father told
17、him _(not leave)the door open.4.The teacher said that where there _(be)a will,there is a way.5.She told me that the meeting _(hold)in her office in half an hour.课时素养达标whetherwhynot to leaveiswould be held6.The woman told us that she _(be)to many countries already.7.The boy said that when the teacher
18、 came in,he _(read)a novel.8.He told us that he _(go)to college in 1994.had beenwas readingwent.完成句子1.我妈妈叫我去帮她的忙。My mother _.2.卫兵问我们在那里做什么。The guard asked us _3.她问她妈妈是否可以和她一起去购物。She asked her mother _asked me to go and help herwhat we were doing there.if/whether she could go shopping with her.4.老师告诉
19、我们不要浪费时间。The teacher _5.他告诉我他去过三次北京。He told me _6.汤姆的妈妈问汤姆是否已经完成了家庭作业。Toms mother asked Tom _ told us not to waste our time.that he had been to Beijing three times.whether/if he had finished his homework.7.她说她三周前已经读了这本书。She said _ 8.他问我是谁治好了我的牙疼。He asked me _she had read the book three weeks before.
20、who had cured me of my toothache.语法填空Chinas homegrown sci-fi blockbuster(大片)The Wandering Earth scored at the Spring Festival box office.The film is an 1._(adapt)of a novel of the same name by Liu Cixin,author of the Hugo Award-winning The Three-BodyProblem.As 2._(it)visual effects impress a global
21、audience,a united human community when 3._(face)a big disaster gets attention too.Director Guo Fan said that he 4._(conscious)avoided making a do-it-alone superhero;instead,the fight to save Earth 5._(fight)by all humans.In The Wandering Earth,mankind is threatened(威胁)by a dying sun,6._ forces them
22、to go on a generations-long space journey to look for a new one.At 7._ center of the story are a Chinese astronaut and his son,who join a global task 8._(prevent)Earth from crashing into Jupiter.At the end of the film come international rescue 9._(team)who help the Chinese team and give a final try
23、to save Earth.One online review reads,“It fits the Hollywood standard on presentation and visual effects,but the themes of family and love of homeland are typical 10._Chinese sci-fi films.”【语篇概述】本文属于新闻报道,介绍了改编自同名小说的中国本土科幻大片流浪地球的相关内容。1.【解析】adaptation。考查名词。空前的an和空后的of表明,本空应该填名词,此处表示“改编本”。2.【解析】its。考查代
24、词。空处作定语修饰名词短语visual effects。its表示“这部电影的”。3.【解析】facing。考查非谓语动词。本句是when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构,从句主语与主句主语相同,且与face之间是主谓关系,所以填现在分词。4.【解析】consciously。考查副词。此处用副词修饰谓语动词avoided。consciously“有意地”。5.【解析】was/is fought。考查动词的时态和语态。根据句子结构可知,此处应用被动语态;根据Director Guo Fan said that.间接引语可以用一般过去时。也可以跟下文介绍电影内容时所用的现在时态保持一致。6.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整个主句,且关系词在从句中作主语,故用which引导。7.【解析】the。考查冠词。at the center of“在的中心”,为固定短语,故填定冠词the。8.【解析】to prevent。考查非谓语动词。此处表示他们执行一项任务的目的,所以用动词不定式。9.【解析】teams。考查名词单复数。根据其后定语从句谓语动词为help可知,team应用复数。10.【解析】of。考查介词。此处表示“对家庭和故乡的热爱是中国科幻电影典型的主题”,be typical of sb./sth.是固定句型,表示“是某人/某物典型的/独有的”。
