1、第十讲应用文阅读理解Step1 典题感悟高考名题这样考(2019全国卷)OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park P
2、resbyterian Church, 165 W86th St.2128684444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews b
3、egin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W45th St.2122396200.)HamiltonLinManuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St.2129677555.)On the Twentieth CenturyKris
4、tin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a crosscountry train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227
5、 W42nd St.2127191300.)语篇解读：这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。1What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?AA type of art. BA teenagers studio.CA great teacher. DA group of animals.解析细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out of Paper中的Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origa
6、mi(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知， Rajiv Joseph创作的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。答案A2Who is the director of The Audience?AHelen Mirren. BPeter Morgan.CDylan Baker. DStephen Daldry.解析细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience中的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D。答案D3Which play w
7、ill you go to if you are interested in American history?AAnimals Out of Paper.BThe Audience.CHamilton.DOn the Twentieth Century.解析细节理解题。根据话剧Hamilton中的LiManuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，话剧Hamilton的主题是美国的诞生，
8、由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。答案CStep2 文体分析解题方略须明了应用文体较容易，快速浏览明大意。跳读内容重细节，亦可舍文先读题。相关内容细比对，信息吻合破先机。一、阅读理解中应用文的文体和结构特点1文体特点：语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。2结构特点：应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式。一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息作整体上的说明。二、阅读理解中应用文的答题误区应用文阅读理解
9、试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。三、阅读理解中应用文的阅读策略应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解题时，要做到：1快速浏览知主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。2速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息点
10、，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息点的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。3细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过思考后选出正确答案。Step3 刷题训练练稳练准练速度A(2019雅安市期末检测)Good news! Job offeredReceptionist AdministrationFull timeA receptionist is required from 1st February 2019 at
11、Dartford Science & Technology College. The position is only from 8：30 am. to 4：30 pm. Monday to Thursday and 8：30 am. to 4：00 pm. Friday, with an hours break for lunch every day. The successful applicant must have a good telephone manner, good interpersonal skills and IT skills.Science TechnicianTer
12、m time plus 10 days, 37 hours per weekWe are looking for a technician to provide a technical support service for science teaching staff. Applications are to be received no later than midnight on 10th February 2019.Health & Social Care TeacherOur client, an 1118 mixed comprehensive school in Ealing,
13、West London, is currently seeking a teacher for Health & Social Care. The position will be a fulltime post until July 2020. We require an energetic teacher to develop the learning potential of students. We are seeking someone with excellent subject knowledge who can combine academic strictness and a
14、chievement with enjoyment of teaching Health & Social Care.If you are keen to work, click the button below.语篇解读：本文是一则广告。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了三种不同的工作，主要介绍了这些工作的要求、待遇以及工作时间等。1The receptionist to be employed will work _.A20 hours a week B37 hours a weekC38.5 hours a week D34.5 hours a week解析细节理解题。根据第一个广告The p
15、osition is only from 8：30 am. to 4：30 pm. Monday to Thursday and 8：30 am. to 4：00 pm. Friday，with an hours break for lunch every day.可知接待员周一到周四从8：30工作到4：30，周五从 8：30到 4：00，每天一个小时午休，因此一周共工作34.5个小时。故D选项正确。答案D2_ is needed in a school in Ealing, West London.AA fulltime science teacherBA teacher with the
16、ability to get along with peopleCA teacher with excellent knowledge about Health &Social CareDA technician who can provide a technical support service解析细节理解题。根据最后一个广告Our client，an 1118 mixed comprehensive school in Ealing，West London，is currently seeking a teacher for Health & Social Care.可知，西伦敦的学校需
17、要具有良好的健康和社会保健知识的教师。故C选项正确。答案C3The text is likely to appear _.Aon the Internet Bin a novelCin a magazine Din a newspaper解析文章出处题。根据最后一段If you are keen to work, click the button below.可知，本文出自互联网。故A选项正确。答案AB(2019云南昆明市月考)Organizations that support women and promote equality and fairness in wages, in beha
18、vior, and with opportunities have spent years putting womens rights first as their missions. Check out the institutions that are helping fight for whats fair, no matter where women are in the world.School Girls UniteThis nonprofit deals with education discrimination among young women in developing c
19、ountries. In Mali, Africa, for example, only one in four girls make it to the 7th grade. School Girls Unite sponsors the girls education, often at a cost as little as $75 per child, and follows them to complete their education.Every Mother CountsModel Christy Turlington Burns founded this activist g
20、roup that seeks to improve medical care for mothers around the world by training professionals, improving transportation to care facilities, and donating crucial supplies to clinics. The organization has arranged funds that have improved mother mortality rates in Tanzania, Haiti, and India.ANITA BOR
21、GSince 1987, this social enterprise has pursued the mission statement of founder Anita Borg by putting women in a position to excel in the technology field. The group provides resources for education in coding and diversity both in the US and abroad. In India, they organize career fairs for women on
22、ly, offering companies the chance to improve their gender diversity in the workforce.Dress For SuccessWearing appropriate clothes for a job interview is vital for potential employees. For over 20 years, the caregivers at Dress for Success have been helping women realize their professional goals by p
23、roviding suits they might not otherwise be able to afford. The nonprofit accepts clothing donations and then distributes them to countries and areas in need.语篇解读：这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个为女性公平而战的非营利组织。4School Girls Unite helps women by _.Atraining female instructors for the schoolBproviding free guidance on g
24、irls educationCfinancially aiding girls with their educationDasking girls parents to support their education解析细节理解题。根据School Girls Unite中的School Girls Unite sponsors the girls education, often at a cost as little as $75 per child, and follows them to complete their education.得知，在校女生联盟能够提供给在校女生教育基金支持
25、。故选C。答案C5Who may benefit from Every Mother Counts?AA woman who majors in medicine.BA woman who is to give birth soon.CA mother suffering from discrimination.DA single mother raising children herself.解析推理判断题。根据Every Mother Counts中的Model Christy Turlington Burns founded this activist group that seeks
26、to improve medical care for mothers around the world by training professionals, improving transportation to care facilities, and donating crucial supplies to clinics.得知，Every Mother Counts这个机构旨在通过培训专业人士、改善交通设施、向诊所捐赠重要的用品来改善全世界的母亲的医疗保健，即将生宝宝的母亲需要医疗服务，可以从这个机构受益。故选B。答案B6Which organizations aim at women
27、 employment?AANITA BORG and Dress for SuccessBSchool Girls Unite and ANITA BORGCANITA BORG and Every Mother CountsDSchool Girls Unite and Every Mother Counts解析推理判断题。根据ANITA BORG中的In India, they organize career fairs for women only, offering companies the chance to improve their gender diversity in t
28、he workforce.得知，ANITA BORG这个机构致力于女性就业问题。再根据Dress For Success中的Wearing appropriate clothes for a job interview is vital for potential employees. For over 20 years, the caregivers at Dress for Success have been helping women realize their professional goals by providing suits they might not otherwise
29、be able to afford.得知，该机构为负担不起的妇女提供面试需要的服装，也与工作有关，故这两个机构致力于妇女就业问题，故选A。答案A专题强化训练(二十六).阅读理解A(2019山东东苑高级中学月考)Zoos give people a chance to get close to animals from every continent in the world. But zoos that offer more than just a chance to see animals are worth visiting.Singapore ZooAt Singapore Zoo, e
30、njoy breakfast while a family of orangutans(猩猩) sits nearby enjoying theirs. A zookeeper tells the breakfast crowd about each member of the family. Or join the Wild Discoverer tour for a detailed look at some of the animals.Bronx ZooThe Bronx Zoo in New York City houses 6,000 animals. Those who want
31、 to sleep with zebras(斑马) have a chance at this zoo. Special overnight journeys allow families to camp out on the zoo grounds and meet some amazing animal guests.Taronga ZooThe Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Australia offers special animal contact. Visitors can see a koala up close, feed a giraffe or hold a
32、 reptile. For those who want to learn what its like to work at a zoo, Taronga offers a “Keeper for A Day”program for anyone over 18 years old.San Diego ZooAt Southern Californias San Diego Zoo, animals live in naturallooking areas. Wildlife photography(摄影) lovers can take a class to learn the secret
33、s of photographing animals. The zoo offers people opportunities to meet a lion or feed a rhino. The zookeepers also teach people how to talk to the animals so they will talk back.语篇解读：本文是一则广告，属于应用文。介绍了Singapore Zoo、Bronx Zoo、Taronga Zoo和San Diego Zoo等四家动物园的具体信息。1Where can you breakfast with oranguta
34、ns?AAt Bronx Zoo. BAt Taronga Zoo.CAt Singapore Zoo. DAt San Diego Zoo.解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句At Singapore Zoo, enjoy breakfast while a family of orangutans(猩猩) sits nearby enjoying theirs.可知在Singapore Zoo，人们可以和猩猩一起享用早餐。故C项正确。答案C2The “Keeper for A Day”program is intended for _.Aanimal protectorsBwildlife r
35、esearchersCadults working with keepersDadults interested in keepers life解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句For those who want to learn what its like to work at a zoo, Taronga offers a “Keeper for A Day”program for anyone over 18 years old.可知18岁以上想了解动物园工作的人都可以参加这个项目。故D项正确。答案D3At San Diego Zoo, you can _.Asleep with li
36、ons or rhinosBjoin the Wild Discoverer tourCcamp out overnight on the zoo groundsDhave a better communication with animals解析推理判断题。根据文章最后两句The zoo offers people opportunities to meet a lion or feed a rhino. The zookeepers also teach people how to talk to the animals so they will talk back.可知在San Dieg
37、o Zoo里，人们对动物有更多的了解。故D项正确。答案DB(2019高平一中月考)There are numerous amusement parks all over the world. A famous magazine, Amusement Today, does a survey among park lovers every year both in the US and overseas, based on which, “Top 5 List of the Best Amusement Parks in the World”has come out as follows：Dis
38、neyland, CaliforniaDisneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California, the US. More than 515 million guests have traveled to this American landmark from around the world since the park first opened to guests on July 17, 1955. The park consists of many worldfamous sections, such as Main Street, Advent
39、ure Land, New Orleans Square, and so on.Magic Kingdom, Disney World, FloridaMagic Kingdom is a theme park within the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando opened on October 1, 1971. It is the most famous theme park in Florida. The parks design and attractions dont make
40、much difference from Disneyland Park in Anaheim.EPCOT, Disney World, FloridaEPCOT is the second theme park built at the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida. The park opened on October 1, 1982, and was named EPCOT Center from 1982 to 1993. It was the largest Disney theme park in the world
41、until 1998, when Disneys Animal Kingdom opened.DisneyMGM Studios, FloridaMGMs streets are the home for some great moviethemed attractions with a history of less than 30 years. With the addition of the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock and Roller Coaster, the park is now home to Disney World
42、s most thrilling rides.Universal Studios, FloridaGo behind the scenes, beyond the screen and jump right into the action of your favorite movies at Universal Studios, the number one movie and TV theme park in the world.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了世界上最好的五个游乐园。4Which park has the longest history?AMagic Kingdom, D
43、isney World, Florida.BDisneyland, California.CEPCOT, Disney World, Florida.DDisneyMGM Studios, Florida.解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“More than 515 million guests have traveled to this American landmark from around the world since the park first opened to guests on July 17, 1955.”可知，加州迪士尼乐园是1955年对游客开放的，是五个主题公园中开放时
44、间最早的，故B项正确。答案B5Which of the following theme parks have similar attractions?AEPCOT & DisneyMGM.BDisneyland, California & Magic Kingdom.CDisneyland, California & Universal Studios.DMagic Kingdom & Universal Studios.解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The parks design and attractions dont make much difference from Disneyl
45、and Park in Anaheim.”可知，佛罗里达的魔幻王国的景点与加州阿纳海姆迪士尼乐园没太大区别，故B项正确。答案B6Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo attract tourists to these theme parks.BTo compare attractions in different theme parks.CTo increase the sales of Amusement Today.DTo introduce worlds best amusement parks.解析文章意图题。根据第一段中的“Top 5 List o
46、f the Best Amusement Parks in the World”has come out as follows可知，这篇文章的目的是向读者介绍世界上最好的五个游乐园，故D项正确。答案D.七选五阅读填空(2019玉溪市第一中学调研)In a few months youll go to college. Are you ready for some of the newness that is about to come your way? Take a look at this “mental preparation”checklist and make sure you ha
47、ve given these topics some thought.1Remind yourself that its new for everyone.Going to college is a big change, and its important not to get overwhelmed(压垮)_1_ Thats OK. Accept that youre in a new stage of life and it wont feel familiar for a bit.2Commit to time management.Organizing your time prope
48、rly will make your life in college much easier. _2_ Create a detailed daily schedule that blocks out time for classes, homework, studying, and anything else. Stay organized and spend a few minutes each evening planning ahead for the next day.3_3_College will open your eyes in more ways than one. Its
49、 a time to find yourself, discover new passions, challenge old ways of thinking, and meet new people from all backgrounds and places. So, try something different. Embrace(欣然接受) the idea of exploration!4Dont be afraid to ask for help.With anything new, its best to go in with a positive attitude. But
50、life has its ups and downs. _4_ Take a moment to find out the college services that can help you: disability services, tutoring services, and any other services that will give you support when you need it.Congratulations on this exciting time of your life. _5_ Youll be glad you have done.ABe open to
51、 new things.BKnowing where to turn for help is important.CThings might feel a bit uncomfortable for a while.DPlan to pay them a visit early in your first semester.EGet yourself a time planning app or a good old day planner.FRemember that youre in college to build a foundation for your future job.GAs
52、 you get prepared for the first day of classes, get mentally ready for this new life stage too.语篇解读：本文是给即将上大学的学生列了一个“心理准备”清单，建议提前考虑这些话题，有准备地迎接新生活。1解析本段介绍初入大学对每个人来说都是新环境，我们不要被压垮，要尽快熟悉适应。C项：有一段时间，可能会感到有点不舒服。与下句的Thats OK. Accept that youre in a new stage of life and it wont feel familiar for a bit.连接，符
53、合本段意思，故选C。答案C2解析本段建议我们要合理安排好时间和具体做法。E项：给自己找一个时间规划应用程序或一个好的计划，符合本段内容，是安排时间的具体做法，故选E。答案E3解析本段介绍上大学会在很多方面开阔眼界，给我们提供更多机会。我们要尝试不同事物，接受新观点。A.Be open to new things.概括了本段意思，适合作为本段标题。故选A。答案A4解析本段建议我们不要害怕寻求帮助。对任何新事物，最好用一种积极的态度去面对。B项：知道在哪里求助是很重要的，与下句：花点时间去找那些能帮助你的大学服务。连接符合本段意思，故选B。答案B5解析最后一段是对全文的总结：祝贺你生命中这激动人心
54、的时刻。如果你做到了你会很高兴。G项：当你为上课的第一天做好准备的时候，也要为这个新的生活阶段做好准备。承上启下，连接前后，故选G。答案G.短文改错(2019重庆江津中学期末)Nowadays smart phones are becoming more and more popular because they provide people much convenience. But they also have badly effect on people. As is often the case, when people are attending meetings, having m
55、eals or waiting for buses, you can always find them addicted to their phones, completely ignored others.This is really a common phenomena in our life. The reason is why smart phones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games and kept in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat. Therefore,
56、too much use of phones do harm to people in terms of health. Moreover, people involved in phones fail to communicate well with those around them.As far as I am concerned, people should wisely make a use of their phones to help with their work and study. Meanwhile, care much about their family and fr
57、iends than mobile phones.答案Nowadays smart phones are becoming more and more popular because they provide people much convenience. But they also have effect on people. As is often the case, when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses, you can always find them addicted to the
58、ir phones, completely others.This is really a common in our life. The reason is smart phones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games and in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat. ， too much use of phones harm to people in terms of health. Moreover, people involved in phones fail to communicate well with those around them.As far as I am concerned, people should wisely make use of their phones to help with their work and study. Meanwhile, care about their family and friends than mobile phones.
