1、句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语（宾补、主补）、插入语、同位语主语(subject)v 1.主语是句子陈述的对象。v 2.一般在句首。v 3.一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。1.We study in No.7 Middle School.2.The classroom is very clean.3.To teach them English is my job.4.Surfing,diving and swimming are all water sports.5.Four plus four is eight.6.What
2、he has said is true.7.The young should respect the old.代词名词不定式动名词数词从句（the+adj表示一类人）谓语(verb)v 1.表示主语的动作行为。v 2.必须由动词充当。v 3.一般在主语后面。v(1)简单谓语：是由动词或动词短语构成的。v We study hard.v He often listens to music.v(2)复合谓语：由“情态动词或助动词+行为动词”构成。v He can speak English.v We have finished the task.v I did see her yesterday.
3、表语(predicative)v1.说明主语的身份、类属、状态或特征。v2.位于系动词后面（最常见的系动词是bebe）。v1.He is young.v2.I am a teacher.v3.Everybody is here.v4.My job is to teach them English.v5.Now they are at home.v6.The book is what I need.v7.He got lost in the forest.v8.His hobby is swimming.形容词名词副词不定式短语介词短语从句过去分词动名词 宾语(object)v 1.表示动作的对
4、象（动宾）；介词涉及的对象（介宾）。2.用在及物动词或介词后面。She is playing the piano.He often helps me.We enjoy living in the countryside.He is interested in painting.v 3.动宾包括直接宾语和间接宾语。v Please pass me the book.v He bought her some flowers.宾语补足语(object complement)v 在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。v I made my room beautiful.v I can
5、 see her dancing there.v He had his car washed.v She asked me to lend her my bike.v Please make yourself at home.v We keep the dog out.v We call her Madam.形容词现在分词过去分词不定式介词短语副词名词主语补足语(subject complement)v 对主语进行补充说明。v Tom was seen dancing in his room.v I was elected monitor.v Our country will be made
6、stronger.定语(attribute)“的的”v 用来修饰名词或代词,起类似于起类似于形容词形容词的修饰作用。的修饰作用。v 1.He is a clever boy.v 2.His father works in a shoe factory.v 3.There are 54 students in our class.v 4.Do you know Bettys sister?v 5.His spoken English is good.v 6.The girl in red is his sister.v 7.I want to have something to drink.v
7、8.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.v 9.Do you know the man whos standing there?（形容词）(物主代词)(数词)(名词所有格)(过去分词)(介词短语)(现在分词短语)(从句)(不定式)(名词)状语(adverbial)v 1.修饰动词,形容词,副词或整句。v 2.表示动作发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，原因，结果，条件，让步，伴随和情状等。v 1.He did it carefully.v 2.She is very crazy about it.v 3.He comes to se
8、e us every day.v 4.He lay on the grass,looking at the sky.v 5.Ill come back in a while.v 6.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.v 7.He was late because of the heavy rain.v 8.She was beautiful when she was a girl.同位语（apposition）v 1.对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释,说明它们的性质和情况。v 2.在句中和前面的名词指同一人、同一物，同做一种句子成分。v 1.Tom,
9、our monitor,is a handsome boy.v 2.I myself will do the experiment.v 3.She is the oldest among them six.v 4.The news that he is ill worries us.名词反身代词数词从句插入语（parenthesis）v 插入语指的是对一句话所做的附加解释。其作用是，补足句意，包括说话者的态度，或引起听话者的注意。以下句子带有常见的插入语：v1.That will be a good beginning,I hope.v2.Well have to take an umbrel
10、la,I m afraid.v3.I have no money,you see.v4.He is a bad guy,you know.v5.Mr.Smith,I think,is at least 50 years old.v6.This,I suppose,will give you some idea of the situation in China.Ex.分析下列句子成分v 1.Everyone laughed happily.v 2.My brother,Jim,was elected monitor.v 3.There is a river at the foot of the hill.v 4.He bought his son some books.Ex.分析下列句子成分v 5.The young girl with long black hair is Kate.v 6.I smell the cake.v 7.The cake smells good.v 8.I saw my friend Tom standing at the bus-stop.
