1、专题一 人物传记型阅读理解 专题一 人物传记型阅读理解 专题导读专题一 专题导读 人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。专题一 专题导读 人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题
2、量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节也更复杂化。真题典例专题一 真题典例【2011山东卷】Arthur Miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20
3、th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”However,he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play,Death of a Salesman,is a p
4、owerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman,the hero of the play,we see a man who has got专题一 真题典例into trouble with this system.Willy is“burnt out”and in the cruel world of business
5、 there is no room for sentiment:if he cant do the work,then he is no good to his employer,the Wagner Company,and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this,and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was
6、 first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.专题一 真题典例Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbu
7、ry，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of aSalesman on Broadway.()1.Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe was attracted by the“Great American Dream”CHe hoped to make his
8、son a dramatist.DHis family business failed.()2.The play Death of a Salesman_.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business worldBdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyCtalks about the business career of Arthur MillerDfocuses on the skills in doing business专题一 真题典例()3.What can we learn abou
9、t Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.()4.After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman_.Aachieved huge successBwon the first Tony AwardCwas warmly welcomed by salesmenDwas severely a
10、ttacked by dramatists专题一 真题典例()5.What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur Miller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his bestknown play.专题一 真题典例【解析】亚瑟米勒是二十世纪最伟大的剧作家之一。推销员之死是他最有名的一部作品，曾获得年度最佳百老汇戏剧托尼奖、普利策戏剧奖和纽约戏剧评论奖。这是第一部获得所有三项大奖的作品。1B 细
11、节理解题。由第一段“.drawn like so many others by the Great American Dream”可知应选B。2A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知，推销员之死是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告诉我们在这金钱至上的制度中，主人公因迷茫、失败最终自杀，即暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。故正确答案是A。专题一 真题典例 3C 推理判断题。根据第二段对剧中主角Willy的介绍，尤其是“got into trouble”、“burnt out”、“painfully”、“at a loss”以及“kills himself”等关键词可以告诉我们Willy是美国制度的牺牲品，
12、故选C。4A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.”可知答案为A。5D 主旨大意题。从全文判断，文章主要介绍了亚瑟米勒的家庭背景和他最有名的作品推销员之死，因此D为正确答案。专题一 新题预测(一)There has been an outpouring of love for,a 23yearold disabled woman whose dog was killed in front of her while a groomer(美容师
13、)tried to trim(修剪)its claws.Calls and emails came from as far away as the Upper Peninsula and Arizona as well as Oakland and Macomb counties,offering Laurie Crouch,who uses a wheelchair because of multiple sclerosis(硬化症),everything from dogs to money,such as that from Jason Daly of Roseville who sai
14、d,“I would like to buy her a new dog.”A story about the death of Crouchs pet,Gooch,was 新题预测专题一 新题预测printed on the front page of Macomb Daily.Crouch said a groomer tied Gooch up with a collar,and then she and a man sat on the dog to trim its nails.Gooch died after one claw was trimmed.Crouch yelled a
15、t the groomer to stop when she saw Gooch was struggling to breathe,but she said she was ignored.“If I could have walked,I would have put my hands on her and pulled her off my dog and physically stopped her,but I cant do that.”Gooch was not a trained service animal,but naturally helped Crouch by pick
16、ing up things for her.“This case is absolute animal abuse(虐待)，”Larry Obrecht,division manager of the Oakland County Animal Shelter in Auburn Hills,said.专题一 新题预测People who read the story contacted Oakland Press to offer help.A message,from Rebecca Amett of Giggles N Wiggles PuppyRescue,in Roseville,s
17、aid,“We have puppies to donate and want to help the young woman who lost her service dog.”“When Gooch was with me,I was happy，”Crouch said.“I think I can be happy again but no animal can replace Gooch.Theres never going to be another Gooch out there but I think I will find a dog that can bring me jo
18、y again.”()1.What does the passage mainly tell us?AA disabled womans service dog.BA cruel groomer killed a disabled womansdog.CPeoples love for a disabled woman who lost her dog.DA disabled woman loves to have the dog as company.专题一 新题预测()2.People called and emailed to _.Agive their angry voice to t
19、he groomerBoffer help and care to Laurie CrouchCtell Crouch how to punish the groomerDoffer a cure for Crouchs disease()3.Gooch died mainly because _.Athe groomer was carelessBthe groomer didnt know how to trim the dogs nailsCthe groomer sat on the dog with another manDthe dog was wearing a collar专题
20、一 新题预测()4.What do we know about Crouchs dog?AIt was a specially trained service dog.BIt was trained to do many things for people.CIt was Crouchs only friend.DIt could offer some help to Crouch.()5.We can infer from the passage that _.ACrouch must be sad after losing her dog BCrouch refused to take a
21、nother dogCCrouch has accepted another dog from a strangerDCrouch can live well without a dogs company专题一 新题预测【解析】一位23岁的残疾女士，她的狗被宠物美容师压死以后，人们纷纷打电话或者发电子邮件安慰她，并表示愿意为她提供帮助。1C 主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，文章主要叙述了人们对这位失去爱狗的残疾女士的关爱。2B 细节理解题。从文章第二段everything from dogs to money,such as that from Jason Daly of Roseville w
22、ho said,“I would like to buy her a new dog.”和倒数第二段可知B为正确选项。专题一 新题预测3C 细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，宠物美容师和另外一个人坐在狗身上最终导致狗窒息而死。4D 细节理解题。从文章第四段可知，Gooch虽然没有经过特殊训练，但能够为Crouch捡东西，给她提供一些帮助。5A 推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，Crouch认为没有狗会替代她原来的狗，因此推断狗死了以后，她很伤心。专题一 新题预测(二)Grace Kane hangs onto an Olympic dream of clinging to a granite(花岗岩
23、)wall by her fingertips 70 feet from the ground.The fearless girl is only 10,but already has scaled great heights in the sport of rock climbing.Last week,Kane won a bronze in the 11andyounger sport class at the USA Climbing Youth National Championships in Atlanta.She was the only competitor of the 3
24、1 there with no climbing coach or topflight facilities in which to train.Climbing will become an exhibition at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics in Brazil.The hope of enthusiasts is that the sport will gain full status in 2020.“Im already training for that，”said专题一 新题预测Kane.“Climbing is my passion,my
25、 love,and I want to make something of it.”Her dad took her to climb rocks on her fourth birthday for the first time and today he cant keep up with her.“Its the freedom to let loose，”she said.“When Im up there,Im so focused and dont hear anything.I always feel comforted knowing people are supporting
26、me.”The bronze in Atlanta qualified Kane for the USA team and Novembers International Championships in Ecuador.Thats a trip she might have to miss because its too expensive.Kane held a backyard music concertshe played the guitar and the piano and wrote inspirational songsand raised$600 for her$1,500
27、 trip to Atlanta.Shes also been专题一 新题预测sponsored by a shoe company,but must rely heavily on donations from family and friends for travel expenses.Her mom Heather Kane said the family has chosen“to do whatever we need to help her achieve her goals”One of Graces biggest challenges is finding balance i
28、n her life.Theres school,her music and church to fit around climbing.“Climbing is going to mean sacrificing things other kids might pursue，”Grace said.“But it doesnt bother me.Itslike playing the piano;you cant take a break or youll lose your touch.”专题一 新题预测()1.What would be the best title of the pa
29、ssage?ARock climbing gains popularityBGrace Kane likes challengesCA young climber follows her dreamDAn amazing victory for a young rock climber()2.We can learn from the second paragraph that rock climbing _.Ais not an exhibition at the Olympics nowBis an official event at the Olympics nowCis not ope
30、n to childrenDwill gain full status in 2020专题一 新题预测()3.Which of the following is TRUE about Grace Kane?AShe is only interested in rock climbing.BShe is a girl with many talents.CRock climbing has affected her study.DShe has won gold medals in several matches.()4.One of Graces biggest challenges is t
31、o _.Afind a capable coach for herBget qualified for the USA teamCraise enough money for International competitionsDkeep balance between rock climbing and other activities专题一 新题预测()5.What do we know about Grace Kanes parents?AThey are quite concerned about her studies.BThey regretted allowing her to
32、try rock climbing.CThey will fully support their daughters pursuit.DThey can fully afford her expenses in her competitions.专题一 新题预测【解析】1C 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一个十岁的攀岩女孩，为了自己的爱好和梦想在奋斗。故选C。2A 细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，到2016年巴西里约热内卢奥运会上攀岩才会成为表演项目，所以它现在还不是一个正式项目。3B 推理判断题。从文章倒数第三段可知，Grace Kane多才多艺。4D 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知，Grace Kane面临的最大挑战之一是如何在攀岩和学习以及其他爱好之间寻找平衡。5C 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段Her mom Heather Kane said the family has chosen“to do whatever we need to help her achieve her goals”可知应选C项。
