1、(十一)定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。who代指人，作主语或宾语；whom代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾语；whose代指人(of whom)或物(of which)，作定语；which代指物，作主语或宾语；that代指人或物，作主语、宾语或表语。This is the detective who came from London.The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.The desk whose l
2、eg is broken is very old.He is no longer the boy that he used to be two years ago.使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：(1)“介词关系代词”可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用who或that。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to_whom she could turn for help.(2)“whose n.”引导定语从句时，可
3、换成“the n.of whom/which”或“of which the n.”。He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.He lives in a big house the window of which faces the sea.He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea.(3)which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时which相当于and this。He succeeded in the competition，which made his
4、 parents very happy.The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.【注】判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什么成分。Ill never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.(先行词the day作spent的宾语：I spent the day with you on the farm.)Ill never forget the day when I worked together
5、with you on the farm.(先行词the day在从句中作状语：I worked together with you on the farm on that day.)He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.(先行词the factory在从句中作主语：The factory makes color TV sets.)He works in the factory where color TV sets are made.(先行词the factory在从句中作状语：Color TV sets are made in
6、the factory.)二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引导词要用关系副词。I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Lin.This is the place where we lived for 5 years.I know the reason why he came late.2.关系副词常可换成“介词关系代词”。when可换成on/in/by which等，w
7、here可换成at/in/from which等，why换成for which。This is the factory where I paid a visit the other day.This is the factory to_which_I_paid_a_visit the other day.This is the factory that/which_I_visited the other day.3.that有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句，此时that可以省去，不过这是一种非正式用法。It happened on the day(that/when)I was born.4.
8、way后面的定语从句不能用how引导。如way在从句中作状语，应用in which或that引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾语应用that或which引导。I dont like the way(in which/that)he talks.The way that/which he thought of to solve the problem might be helpful.5.from where为“介词关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。Tom hid himself behind the door，from where he could hear the steps of
9、his mother clearly.6.as引导的定语从句as有“正如，就像”之意，可引导非限制性定语从句，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面；但which引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。As had been expected，the England team won the football match.The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadnt expected.7.非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，bu
10、t，so等词连接，或中间用“分号”隔开。He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows；most of them hadnt been cleaned for at lea
11、st a year.8.定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句是位于名词answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位语从句不可用which引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。The fact that she hasnt known the result of the examinati
12、on is clear.The fact(that/which)she told me yesterday is very important.过关落实1.Some preschool children go to a day care center，_ they learn simple games and songs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D2.He was educated at the local high school，_ he went on to Beijing University.
13、A.after which B.after thatC.in which D.in that解析：after which引导定语从句，which指上面的句子He was educated at the local high school，表示“在当地高中受教育后上了北京大学”。答案：A 3.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where解析：先行词是activity，关系词在从句中作地点状语，
14、表示“在这种活动中”，故选where。答案：D4.Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _ we worked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where解析：where引导定语从句修饰the farm，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D 5.The book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.whenB.during whichC.since then D.since when解析：1946是先行词，when引导定语
15、从句，由句意可知，关系词前应加since，译为“自从那时”。答案：D6.By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_ can be very eyeopening and rewarding.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。答案：B 7.I was given three books on cooking，the first _ I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that
16、D.which解析：of which指of the three books on cooking；of结构提前，指物时关系代词用which。答案：B8.The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as解析：as引导非限制性定语从句。答案：D 9.We saw several natives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to us，_ we gave some bells and g
17、lasses.A.to which B.to whomC.with whom D.with which解析：当介词结构(to)提前，指人时，关系代词用whom。答案：B10.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A.of which B.by whichC.in which D.from which解析：“从哪个方向来”为come from the direction，变为定
18、语从句时from提前，用which引导定语从句。答案：D 11.It is far better for one to drink milk，_ one gets healthful nutrients，than to drink coffee，_ contains no nutrients at all.A.what；what B.where；asC.from which；which D.in which；what解析：根据句意“人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分”可知，第一个空应填from which；两个从句都是非限制性定语从句，指物时，关系代词用which，故选C项。答案：C12.La
19、st October China launched its second manned spaceship Shenzhou，_ two Chinese astronauts traveled in space for five days.A.in which B.at whichC.by which D.from which解析：先行词为Shenzhou，定语从句表示“两名宇航员来此飞船”，故用in which。答案：A 13.The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.I agree.They can apply their wisdom to
20、 other net technology _ human beings can benefit.A.in which B.through whichC.on which D.from which解析：benefit from，从中获益，获得好处；from提前且定语从句先行词为物时，用which。答案：D14.Todays Sichuan has become a representative of the west development，a place _ hopes and opportunities have replaced poverty and backwardness.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there解析：where引导定语从句，且在句中作地点状语。答案：C 15.Their goods are exchanged for such machinery and equipment _ we need to buy abroad.A.thatB.whatC.asD.which解析：such.as.意思是“像这样的”，as作关系代词，引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作need的宾语；而such.that.中的that引导结果状语从句只起引导作用，不在句子中作成分。答案：C
