1、专题八 定语从句基础知识过关一、定义在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 定语从句必须放在先行词的后面, 由关系代词或关系副词引导, 关系词充当从句的成分。词性词形先行词在定语从句中充当的成分关系代词who人主、宾、表whom人宾、表that人或物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表whose人或物定关系副词where表地点地点状语when表时间时间状语why表原因原因状语The student that won the first prize is our monitor. (that代替the student在从句中作主语)I saw some tree
2、s whose leaves were yellow. (whose在从句中作定语)The watch which I found in the library is his. (which代替watch, 在从句中作宾语) This is the place where he works. (where相当于in the place, 在从句中作地点状语)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上无逗号有逗号意义上对先行词的界定, 删除后主句意义不完整、不明确对先行词的补充说明, 删除后主句意思依然完整翻译上“的”, 限定先行词与主句并列或是状语从句关系词关系代
3、词作宾语时可以省略, 关系副词一般不省略关系词不可省略; 关系词不用that, why; which还可代替一个句子或一种情况三、使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1. that与which的区别。(1)用that而不用which的情况: 先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing等先行词被little, few, no等词修饰时先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时先行词既有人又有物时She told me everything that she knew. This is the best novel th
4、at I have ever read. We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about. (2)用which而不用that的情况: 引导非限制性定语从句代表整个主句的意思介词+关系代词This is the factory in which we once worked. The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried. 2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的单复数形式应由先行词决定。This is an old c
5、omputer which works much slower. 这是一台工作起来速度较慢的旧电脑。3. 介词在关系代词前, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略; 介词在句尾, 关系代词可用which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who, 且可省略。This is the room in which I lived last year. 这是我去年住过的房间。4. 若先行词为the way(方式, 方法)且way在定语从句中作方式状语, 关系词用that/in which, 也可以省略。Computers have changed the way (that/in wh
6、ich) we work and play. 计算机已改变了我们工作和玩耍的方式。通关训练. 用适当的关系词填空1. (2019湖南学业水平考试真题) So it is believed that the government should pass laws to punish people _damage the environment. 2. (2018湖南学业水平考试真题) They decided on using the character “可口可乐”, _means tasty and fun. 3. All _happens during early years can in
7、fluence children for the rest of their lives. 4. Kate, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 5. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _were published in the 1990s. 6. Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent. 7. T
8、his was the most valuable opinion _was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. 8. We have entered into an age _dreams have the best chance of coming true. 9. I explained to my teacher the reason in time _I was absent from class this morning. 10. This city, _lies in the northeast and _I spent my chil
9、dhood, has been one of the countrys busiest ports since the 1950s. . 语法小语段(1)I am now a good student in my class. But I wont forget the day 1. _ I started senior English, I found it difficult and quite different from the knowledge 2. _ we learned in junior school. With the help of my teacher 3. _ is
10、 good at 4. _(make) her class interesting, I realized the 5. _(important) of English, so I was determined to learn English well. (2)Rivers, 1. _ many great cities are located, are one of our most important natural 2. _(resource). Almost each/every country has at least one river 3. _(flow) through it
11、 4. _ plays an important part in the lives of its people. However, large cities and industries 5. _ are located on rivers often make problems. (3)According to Chinese history, sky lanterns is an especial form of 1. _(tradition) art, 2. _ is first used by Zhuge Kongming. He sent them out 3. _(ask)for
12、 help when in trouble. Today, sky lanterns 4. _ are made of bamboo and paper are used at festivals. They are seen as bright symbols of 5. _(happy) and good wishes. (4)There are various out-of-class activities in my new school, and playing football is my favorite, 1. _ can not only build up my body b
13、ut also shape my character. In addition, I have made some friends 2. _ have the same interest as mine. I think students should take an active part in out-of-class activities 3. _ they like. 参考答案. 1. who2. which3. that4. whose5. which6. when7. that8. when9. why10. which; where. (1)1. when2. that3. who/that4. making5. importance(2)1. where2. resources3. flowing4. that/which5. that/which(3)1. traditional2. which3. to ask4. that/which5. happiness(4)1. which2. who3. that/which
