1、表达作文巧升格UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS概要写作概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内。写作流程第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意。说明文 找出文章要说明的对象、
2、观点或建议。议论文 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)。第二步：提炼关键词1结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中哪些是 main ideas，哪些是 supporting ideas，examples 和additional information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。2消减事例，尽量减少实事并省略细节。第三步：合并和改写1合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。2在
3、核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型等)。第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数。常用语句1表示文章的内容以及研究目的This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with.The article focuses on the topic of.This article/passage mainly tells(a story)about.T
4、his passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores.This essay presents knowledge that.This paper provides/gives an overview of.In this passage(about.)，the author.The author began the essay/passage by telling/presenting.First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part，the author argues/explains/mention
5、s/states/points out(that).2表示研究的结论The result showed that.The author found that.It was concluded that.Finally/As a conclusion，the author concludes/adds/stresses that.Finally，the author summarizes that.3表示观点或建议The author suggests/considers that.As far as the author is concerned，.In the authors view，.阅
6、读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Your attitude plays a big part in your everyday life and can influence how your life may turn out in the future.If you have a good attitude,youll be the kind of person who works hard and youll live the kind of life many would admire.Here are some tips which can help you im
7、prove your attitude.Spend time with those who share your positive attitude.This is a must if you want to improve your attitude.The people you surround yourself with most of the time will reflect upon your life.So always make sure that these people share your positive attitude and lift you.When you t
8、ake action,always take steps to act with a purpose,so that your actions are in line with your values.For example,Walt Disneys main purpose is to“make people happy”.So next time you act,think of your purpose and improve your attitude while doing so!Being polite when given help or asking for it isnt a
9、 hard thing,yet so often we forget these simple words,especially with those closest to us.If you want to improve your attitude,use“please”and“thank you”every time youre given the opportunity.If you want to improve your attitude to life and to those around you,stop comparing yourself with others.Its
10、human to compare our lives with others,but when we do it too often we can drag(拖)ourselves down.So spare yourself the worry and stop comparing,only focus(集中)on your own life and youll be much happier in the process.Gratefulness is one of the most powerful attitudes in your life.If you want a better
11、life,give thanks for all that you have each and every day.Gradually,youll receive more things to be thankful for!So hows your attitude today?Does it need a little fine tuning?【学生习作】Your attitude can influence your future.(要点 1)If you want to improve your attitude，you must stay with the persons with
12、a positive attitude and act with a purpose.(要点 2)In addition，you should not compare yourself with others.(要点 3)Lastly，giving thanks for what you have will improve your attitude.(要点 4)点评 1.要点 1、2 概括不够全面。2.要点 2 可变换句式，避免重复使用 you must/should.。3.要点 3 可使用同义词替换 give thanks for。【升格作文】Your attitude,which may
13、 influence your future,plays an important role in your daily life.(要点 1)To improve your attitude,you should be with the persons with a positive attitude and act with an exact goal.(要点 2)In addition,it doesnt make sense to compare yourself with others.(要点3)Lastly,using polite words like“please”and“th
14、ank you”often and learning to be grateful for whatever you have will contribute to improving your attitude.(要点 4)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thoug
15、ht that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of
16、England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief i
17、n the merit(好处)of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness
18、have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their ch
19、ildren off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者)position is gaining some ground._参考范文People have mixed opinions towar
20、ds dirt on our skin.(要点 1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点 2)However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要点 3)Some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system，though.(要点 4)点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 点击右图进入 单 元 综 合 检 测 谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
