1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句(1)that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or
2、 injured. 3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 【归纳填空】限制性定语从句的功能: 修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词(先行词)一、定义定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1. 限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。*(2020全国卷)Heres a handful of ways that will
3、 set you in the right direction. 这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。*Everything comes to him who waits. 功夫不负有心人。2. 非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。*(2020浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. 饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的
4、营地, 营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。*The contest, whose theme is “China in my eyes”, will be held in the City Library on August 18th, 2022. 这场比赛的主题是“我眼中的中国”, 将于2022年8月18日在市图书馆举行。二、定语从句中关系代词的用法1. who代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。*(2020 天津高考)“The great man, ”said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his childs heart. ”孟子曰:
5、 “大人者, 不失其赤子之心者也。”2. whom代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。*You are a special teacher whom I will always remember with fond memories. 你是一位很特别的老师, 我将永远记住这些美好回忆。3. which代替指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。*(2020新高考全国卷)She wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. 她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服,
6、 这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。4. that代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。*(2020全国卷)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 她也说道, 可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。5. whose代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为: whose + n. 。*(2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost l
7、ifelike. 在古代中国有一位艺术家, 他的画几乎栩栩如生。6. as引导限制性定语从句时, 它通常要与 such, as, the same 搭配, 即构成such. . . as, the same. . . as, as/so. . . as这样的固定搭配, 同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。*I am glad to have the same medal as you have. 我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。*A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. 电脑很有用, 我们每天都能用到。【易错精点】the
8、same. . . that/as区别the same. . . that表示“同一个”(同一性)the same. . . as表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个”(相似性)*This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)*I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的, 非同一个)选用适当的关系代词填空whom, who, that, as, which, whose(1)The story began with a young mother who had th
9、ree sons in a big city. (2)I will send you a Chinese-English book which/that contains some knowledge about Chinese calligraphy. (3)He decided to make the same achievement as his father did. (4)My favorite one is my Chinese teacher whom I met when I was in junior school. (5)I sat next to a girl whose
10、 name was Diana. 【知识延伸】关系代词的用法与分类依据1. 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性; 2. 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物; 3. 根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语或定语。三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1. 只用that而不用which 的情况(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时*It is the greatest achievement that we have ever made. 这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。(2)先行词有序数词修饰时*It is the first Winter Olympics that will be held in
11、 China. 这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。(3)先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时*She listens attentively and tries to catch everything that the teacher says in class. 她听得很专心, 努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。(4)先行词既有人又有物时*We like talking about the people and things that we saw in the TV
12、 play. 我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。(5)先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等修饰时*Dad and Mom, my dream is the very one that you always have. 爸爸, 妈妈, 我的梦想就是你们的梦想。(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。2. 只用which 而不用that 的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时*(2020全国卷)The fi
13、rst, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast. 我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特海明威的流动的盛宴。(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时*Our class participated in an English oral competition, in which we came first. 我们班参加了英语口语比赛, 在比赛中我们获得了第一名。【知识延伸】强调句与定语从句的区别强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的, 区别在于强调句中that不充当成分, 但
14、不能被省略; 而定语从句中that充当成分, 并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。*It was the student that/who asked the silly question. 就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)*He was the student who asked the silly question. 他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)单句语法填空(1)There is nothing that can stop him from going there. (2)You can take an active part in all kinds of a
15、ctivities, which will help to make your life more interesting. (3)The first thing that he noticed of her was her dark, long hair. (4)Experience is a school from which one can never graduate. (5)But its the man who/that saved my life when I was facing a fire like that. . 单句语法填空1. Since the old man ha
16、s stopped breathing, there is little that I can do for him. 2. I get along well with the boy that/who does well in maths. 3. (2020全国卷)Thank you for your letter, which really made me happy. 4. Were collecting money for those whose homes were destroyed by the earthquake. 5. I really want to have the s
17、ame phone as you have bought. 6. I visited the school yesterday that/which was built fifty years ago. 7. (2020全国卷)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. 8. Yesterday was one of the coldest days that I have ever known. 9. There are a total of 1, 000 workers in this company, two t
18、hirds of whom are women. 10. I miss the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents think highly of. . 用定语从句合并两个句子1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. I have a friend who likes listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her. Yeste
19、rday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave her. 3. The students article was published. I know the student. I know the student whose article was published. 4. Han Meimei is studying English very well. She has never been abroad. Han Meimei, who has never been abroad, is studying English ve
20、ry well. 5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old. My grandparents live in a house which is more than 100 years old. 6. The computer is too slow. I bought the computer four years ago. The computer which/that I bought four years ago is too slow. 7. The man created the famous
21、university. The man never finished college. The man who/that created the famous university never finished college. 8. I have ever seen the film. It is the most interesting film. It is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 9. They talked about the people and the things. They remembered the
22、m in old days. They talked about the people and the things that they remembered in old days. 10. The man laughed at you just now. Who is the man? Who is the man that laughed at you just now? 用定语从句完成下列短文。The shopping mall, 1. whose environment many people enjoyed(很多人喜欢它的环境), was on fire last week bec
23、ause the gas pipes 2. which/that were used too long(使用太长时间的)cracked. Those 3. who were shopping in it(正在里面购物的) were trapped. It was such a big fire that the world seemed as if it came to an end. Many goods 4. which/that were on sale(正在销售的)were destroyed. This was the biggest fire 5. that people had ever seen(人们有史以来看到的). Luckily, the firefighters 6. who/that received the emergency call (收到紧急电话的)came at once. They did all 7. that they could do(他们能做的) to put out the fire. To our relief , no one was injured or dead. 关闭Word文档返回原板块
