1、第二节导学精练提纲类(一)议论文提纲类作文是数年来高考书面表达的热点之一,近年来趋于将提纲类与其他类别,如图画、图表等结合起来进行考查。提纲类作文的体裁有议论文、说明文、记叙文等。体裁诠释1. 议论文亦称说理文、论说文,是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据和论证是不可缺少的三要素。2. 议论文的语言特点:(1) 时态的使用相对比较广泛,根据行文的需要可以使用任何时态;(2) 主动语态、陈述句式为主,被动语态和虚拟语气在议论文中也经常使用;(3) 恰当地使用过渡词语和一些固定句型。3. 议论文常用的逻辑联系词语包括:in my opinion, personally,
2、for the sake of, clearly, obviously, surely, undoubtedly, hence, moreover, besides, in addition, whats more, additionally, furthermore, first(ly), to begin with, second(ly), last(ly), first of all, most important of all, on the other hand, worse still, on the contrary, as a result/consequence, conse
3、quently, generally speaking, last but not the least, in short, all in all, in conclusion, in brief 等。4. 议论文不同类型的模板:(1) 不同观点列举型(选择型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文题目. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. Some people think t
4、hat 观点一. In their views, there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows:In the first place, 原因一. Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that观点二. In their point of view, on the one hand, 原因一. On the oth
5、er hand, 原因二. Therefore, there is no doubt that 观点二.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二. It is not only because 原因一, but also because 原因二. The more , the more ./Only when we can we do .(2) 权衡利弊型Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)作文题目. In fact, ther
6、e are both advantages and disadvantages in 题目议题.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly,优点一. And secondly, 优点二.Just as a popular saying goes,“every coin has two sides”, 讨论议题 is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. T
7、o begin with, 缺点一. In addition, 缺点二.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of讨论议题 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we definitely make better use of the 讨论议题.(3) 问题与建议In recent days, we have to face a problem that .解决方法:With the hel
8、p of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. By doing , we can . Whats the most important is that .结论: In a word, it is clear/obvious that . Only when can we .日前农业部批准转基因水稻证书,由此引起了社会上很多关于转基因食品的争议。以下是某网站辩论的结果:转基因食品的支持方:1. 解决粮食短缺问题;2. 减少农药使用;3. 节省生产成本,降低食物售价;4. 转基因食品的反对方:1. 可能对蝴蝶等昆虫和周边的植
9、物造成伤害;2. 对人体有潜在的危害;3. 要求:请给中国日报写一封正式信,陈述以上结果并表达自己的意见和建议。注意:1. 词数150左右。2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:农药pesticideDear Sir,I am Li Jun from Guang Hua Middle School. I am writing to tell you about the recent debate about GM foods. Truly yours,Li Jun【写作指导】第一步:审题本文题型是属于提纲式作文,而体裁属于正式书信。全文
10、主体内容分为三大部分。题目中的关键词是“转基因食品”。正式书信的特点:语言要严谨,可多用长句;理由要充分,做到以理服人;反映的事实要客观;语气要礼貌。第二步:谋篇布局第三步:列提纲反对方的理由have negative effects on, cause damage to, potential threat, cant ensure safety考虑用句型:not only.but also.支持方的理由lack food, reduce the use of pesticides, save production cost过渡词用on the contrary, though(引导状语从句
11、)。你的意见和理由at the cost of, in the long run, have advantage over过渡词用personally, as far as Im concerned,还可以考虑用谚语来表达。第四步:正文16分达标范文21分目标作文句型21分参考范文Dear Sir,I am Li Jun from Guang Hua Middle School. I am writing to tell you about the recent debate about GM foods. Some people are against it. They think that
12、 GM foods are harmful and will make the surrounding plants and some insects like butterfly in danger. People only think the production profits are the most important. It cannot ensure safety. Undoubtedly, the potential threat cannot be ignored. Last, crops production was no higher than they are for
13、regular crops according to a recent research. So the GM foods will end up in failure. Though there are the fears of opponents, their supporters think that they have great promise. This promise includes greater production of food crops. Crops will be planted on less area without help of pesticides. T
14、hey are healthier and more nutritious. GM crops could result in less use of energy, water, and soil and better waste management.Personally, GM foods feed the world. They relieve peoples worry about safety in the long run. Though it has many disadvantages, we cannot just stop for this simple reason.
15、Best wishes to you.Truly yours,Li Jun第二段:1. 如何将两句合成一句?2. 句之间应该用什么连接更好呢?3. 句怎么用定语从句连接?第三段:4. 可以用定语从句或分词结构连成一句吗?第四段:5. 两句怎样用not only.but also连接呢?6. 句中用上成语“因噎废食”是不是更好呢?Dear Sir,I am Li Jun from Guang Hua Middle School. I am writing to tell you about the recent debate about GM foods. People against it h
16、old that GM foods will make the surrounding plants and some insects like butterfly in danger. Worse still, people only think the production profits are the most important, which cannot ensure safety. So the potential threat cannot be ignored. Last, crops production was no higher than they are for re
17、gular crops in a recent research. So the GM foods will end up in failure.Despite the fears of opponents of GM foods, their supporters think that they have great promise, which includes greater production of food crops on less area with less help of pesticides, and crops that are healthier and more n
18、utritious. Most importantly, GM crops could result in less use of energy, water, and soil and better waste management.Personally, not only do GM foods feed the world but relieve peoples worry about safety in the long run. Though it has many disadvantages, we cannot stop eating for fear of choking.Be
19、st wishes to you.Truly yours,Li Jun【满分作文词语、句型优化】1. GM foods are harmful and will make the surrounding plants and some insects like butterfly in danger.【优化1】GM foods have big negative effects, to which the surrounding plants and some insects like butterfly will fall victim.【优化2】GM foods do much harm
20、to the surrounding plants and some insects like butterfly.2. People only think the production profits are the most important.【优化1】People only think the production profits are of great significance.【优化2】People only think the production profits do count for much.【优化3】People only think the production p
21、rofits carry much weight.【优化4】People only think the production profits cannot be stressed enough.【优化5】People attach much importance to the production profits. 3. So the potential threat cannot be ignored.【优化1】So we cannot turn a blind eye to the potential threat.【优化2】So we cannot take it for granted
22、 that there is no potential threat.4. Their supporters think that they have great promise.【优化1】Their supporters hold the opinion that they have great promise.【优化2】Their supporters are convinced that they have great promise.【优化3】Their supporters are for the opinion that they have great promise.【优化4】T
23、heir supporters maintain/argue/hold that they have great promise.5. Though it has many disadvantages, we cannot stop eating for fear of choking.【优化1】Disadvantages as/though it has, we cannot stop eating for fear of choking.【优化2】Despite/In spite of many disadvantages, we cannot stop eating for fear o
24、f choking.及时训练(一)北京某家政服务公司推出了“高考保姆”服务。“高考保姆”一般要有本科学历,他们既要辅导考生的薄弱学科,也要给考生做饭、洗衣服等。此项服务在社会上引起了不同的反响。现在请你结合此事并根据下面表格内容用英语写一篇短文。人们的不同反应赞同(60%)反对(40%)1. 高考对于孩子的未来非常关键,需要找专业人士来照料。2. 许多家长工作很忙,抽不出时间照顾孩子。1. 这样会造成孩子过度紧张。2. 高考是孩子成长的重要经历,家长应亲自陪同孩子体验。你的看法(至少两点)注意:1. 对所给要点逐一陈述,可适当发挥,不要逐句翻译。2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数
25、。A domestic service company in Beijing provided “Gaokao nannies” for students who will take part in the College Entrance Examination. The nannies can not only tutor the students in their weak subjects but also wash clothes and cook meals for them. .【参考范文】A domestic service company in Beijing provide
26、d “Gaokao nannies” for students who will take part in the College Entrance Examination. The nannies can not only tutor the students in their weak subjects but also wash clothes and cook meals for them. As for the matter, opinions are divided.60% of the people are in favor of it. They think the Colle
27、ge Entrance Examination is very important to the students, so its necessary to employ people with specialized knowledge to take care of them. Meanwhile, many parents are too busy to spare the time to look after their children. However, the rest of the people are opposed to it. In their view, employi
28、ng “Gaokao nannies” is likely to make the students more nervous, which may have bad effects on them. Besides, the students should go through this key period of time accompanied by their parents.From my point of view, I totally disagree with the former. If I were one of those who have “Gaokao nannies
29、”, I would not be used to being taken care of by an unfamiliar person who cannot possibly understand me as well as my parents. Furthermore, hiring a “Gaokao nanny” costs a lot, which may burden the parents.(二)最近,“校园安全”成为人们广泛关注的话题,为确保师生安全,你校决定禁止外人进入校园。为此,学校在学生中做了一次“家长该不该进校园及其原因”的调查。调查结果如下图所示: 根据上图信息,
30、请以“Should Parents Be Banned from Entering Campus?”为题,用英语写一篇150词的短文。要求如下:1. 简要描述图中的信息(包括人数比率、观点及原因);2. 谈谈你的看法。注意:文章的标题和开头已给出(不计入总词数)。Should Parents Be Banned from Entering Campus?Recently, campus security has become a hot issue. To ensure security, strangers are banned from entering campus by our sch
31、ool, and a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included. .【参考范文】 Should Parents Be Banned from Entering Campus?Recently, campus security has become a hot issue. To ensure security, strangers are banned from entering campus by our school, and a survey has been made
32、 among the students about whether parents should be included.According to the survey, 60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey. Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldnt be a danger to an
33、yone. However, the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations.Personally, I agree with the first. As the saying goes, “To forestall is better than to amend.” Proper measures should be taken before its too late. As for parents, they have some other ways to keep in touch with their children, like making calls or asking for teachers help. All in all, campus security calls for everyones concern and cooperation.
