1、限时规范练23 Unit 12 Culture Shock A核心素养关键词:培养学生人与自然、爱护文化遗产的素养能力意识限时规范练第46页一、阅读理解AThe Pharos,the great lighthouse of Alexandria,was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.It stood on the island of Pharos,in the harbor of the city of Alexandria.In 290 B.C,Ptolemy I Soter,the ruler of Egypt,ordered
2、the building of the lighthouse.Twenty years later,it was finished the first lighthouse in the world and the tallest building on Earth,besides the Great Pyramid of Egypt.The Pharos was designed by Sostrates,a Greek architect.Sostrates wanted to leave his name on the base of the lighthouse.But Ptolemy
3、 refused,ordering that only his own name appear on the building.But Sostrates found a way to do that.At the base of the Pharos,Sostrates left a message containing his own name.Then he covered it with plaster (建筑石膏) and left Ptolemys name over it.After many years,the plaster disappeared and people kn
4、ew the true architect of the lighthouse.In 1302 and 1323,two strong earthquakes hit Alexandria,damaging the lighthouse.In 1326,it finally fell into the sea.Much of what we know about the lighthouse comes from the writings of Arabs who once visited the Pharos.The Pharos was about 384 feet tall,the sa
5、me height as a modern 40-story building.At the top of the lighthouse stood a large statue of Poseidon,the Greek god of the sea.Under it was a beacon,the source of light for the lighthouse.The Pharos used two kinds of beacons.At night,a large fire created the light.During the day,a huge mirror made u
6、se of the sunlight to create the light.It was said that the mirror was also used to set enemy ships on fire as they entered the harbor by directing the suns rays (sunlight) at them.While the idea is interesting,it is also clearly impossible.【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了古代世界七大奇迹之一的亚历山大灯塔。1.WhydidSostratesusepla
7、steratthebaseofthePharos?A.TofollowPtolemysorders.B.Tohidehisnameleftonthebase.C.Toprotectthebasefromdamage.D.Tomakethelighthousemorebeautiful.答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sostratesleftamessagecontaininghisownname.ThenhecovereditwithplasterandleftPtolemysnameoverit”可知,Sostrates是亚历山大灯塔的设计者,他在底座使用建筑石膏是为了隐藏他的名字。2
8、.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.The statue.B.A large fire.C.A huge mirror.D.The lighthouse.答案A解析推理判断题。联系前一句“AtthetopofthelighthousestoodalargestatueofPoseidon,theGreekgodofthesea.”可知,此处it指的是波塞冬雕像。3.Whats the main purpose of the text?A.To explain why the Pharos was built
9、.B.To find more secrets about the Pharos.C.To introduce the true architect of the Pharos.D.To offer some basic facts about the Pharos.答案D解析写作目的题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了埃及亚历山大灯塔的一些基本信息。BDalmatianCoast,CroatiaIts no secret that summers on the Dalmatian Coast in Croatia offer clear blue waters for swimming,beau
10、tiful sunsets,historic buildings and picture-perfect beaches.The best way to see the Dalmatian Coast is from your own sea kayak (皮划艇).But the temperature is far too high to be comfortable in the high season,so you need to wait until it drops but the sea is still warm.Mykonos,GreeceMykonos is usually
11、 very crowded with visitors in July and August,but the Greek meltemi winds can be a real problem in high summer.Later in the season,they are much calmer and you can spend your time lying on the beach without being angry with the sand.The best address is the Hotel Belvedere,but the cheapest hotel is
12、the Grace Mykonos,which is good value in September,but even better a month later.AeolianIslands,ItalySicilys beautiful seven islands often attract Oscar-winners like Robert De Niro and Russell Crowe.September is the time to visit the Aeolian Islands,as the tourists have gone.Dont miss Panarea,where
13、the only way of getting around is on foot,and make sure you include the greenest island,Salina.StTropez,FranceSt Tropez in high season is full,but coming to the end of August,it soon returns to being the French Provencal fishing town of the 1960s.You can walk through its streets in peace and drop in
14、to its popular stores without the crowds.Its also much easier to get a meal at places such as Alain Ducasses Spoon,or to drop into bars like Nikki Beach for a drink.The best places to stay are Hotel La Ponche or Le Beauvallon,a 10-minute boat ride across the bay in St Maxime.【篇章导读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个旅游胜地
15、的最佳旅行季节和最佳住宿地点。4.Wherecanyougoifyouareinterestedinhistoricbuildings?A.Mykonos,Greece.B.StTropez,France.C.AeolianIslands,Italy.D.DalmatianCoast,Croatia.答案D解析细节理解题。由DalmatianCoast,Croatia部分的内容介绍“ItsnosecretthatsummersontheDalmatianCoastinCroatiaoffer.historicbuildings”可知,游客在克罗地亚的达尔马提亚海岸可以看到历史建筑。5.When
16、 is the best time to stay in the Grace Mykonos?A.In July.B.In August.C.In October.D.In September.答案C解析细节理解题。由Mykonos,Greece部分的内容介绍“thecheapesthotelistheGraceMykonos,whichisgoodvalueinSeptember,butevenbetteramonthlater”可知,位于希腊的米克诺斯岛上的GraceMykonos酒店十月份的性价比最高。6.Why does the author say September is the
17、time to visit the Aeolian Islands?A.There are fewer tourists.B.The weather is quite good.C.Theres a chance to meet stars.D.Green can be seen everywhere.答案A解析细节理解题。由AeolianIslands,Italy部分的内容介绍“SeptemberisthetimetovisittheAeolianIslands,asthetouristshavegone.”可知答案。7.Which word can best describe St Tro
18、pez at the end of August?A.Hot.B.Quiet.C.Busy.D.Green.答案B解析推理判断题。由StTropez,France部分的内容介绍“Youcanwalkthroughitsstreetsinpeaceanddropintoitspopularstoreswithoutthecrowds.”可知,八月末的圣特罗佩游客很少,因此很安静。二、七选五A ray of sunlight makes its way through the leaves and lights up a new day for all kinds of animals.The r
19、ainforest is waking up.RacingforLightRainforests are plentiful,warm,and wet habitats.1,because they have to compete with other plants for sunlight.2.The emergent layer (露生层) is made up of the very tallest trees.In the next layer,the canopy (冠层),the leaves of the trees all touch one another.Most anim
20、als in the rainforest live in the canopy.The layer below the canopy is called the understory.Small trees and plants that do not need much light grow here.The last layer is the forest floor where only a few plants grow because its so dark.FamousRainforestsThere are rainforests in Africa,Asia,Australi
21、a,and Central and South America.3.More than half of it is in Brazil,but parts are in several other South American countries.The next biggest rainforest is in Congo.WaterCycleTrees and other plants let water out into the atmosphere then the water falls back to earth as rain.Rainforest trees can give
22、out a lot of water,up to 200 gallons each year.4,so it is always warm and wet.Rainforests help to stabilize the climate of the world.5.Thats good because too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can make the planet too warm.A.The rainforest has four layersB.Trees in the rainforest grow very tallC.R
23、ainforests can be considered destroyedD.The biggest rainforest is the Amazon rainforestE.The tallest trees block the light from the trees belowF.They not only make rain but also take in carbon dioxideG.The water forms a thick cloud-cover over the rainforest答案与解析【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了热带雨林中树木的垂直分布情况,世界上大型
24、热带雨林的分布区域,以及热带雨林涵养水源、维持气候稳定的特性。1.B根据第二段中的“becausetheyhavetocompetewithotherplantsforsunlight”以及下文热带雨林中的分层现象可知,热带雨林中树木为了争夺阳光而长得很高。2.A根据第三段中所介绍的热带雨林中树木的四个垂直分布层可知,这一段首句为“热带雨林包括四个垂直层”。3.D根据第四段中的“ThenextbiggestrainforestisinCongo”可知,前面介绍的是世界上最大的热带雨林。4.G根据此空后的“soitisalwayswarmandwet”以及空前的“Rainforesttreesc
25、angiveoutalotofwater”可知,树木释放出来的水汽形成云层覆盖着热带雨林,使得热带雨林保持着湿润与温暖。5.F根据文章末句“Thatsgoodbecausetoomuchcarbondioxideintheatmospherecanmaketheplanettoowarm”可知,热带雨林不仅释放水汽,而且吸收二氧化碳,可以保持气候稳定。三、语法填空Food,water,and shelter 1. (be) basic human needs,but it is reported that there are 1.2 billion people in the world wi
26、thout enough housing.This may change thanks 2. a revolutionary use of 3D printers to construct houses.Tech company ICON has developed a method for 3. (create) a one-floor,60-square-meter house out of cement in a day for $10,000.This is a small amount of both the time and cost 4. (need) to build a si
27、milar construction using traditional methods.The company aims 5. (bring) that cost down to $4,000 per house.A traditional house would be much 6. (expensive) than that.The affordability of these houses makes 7. (they) much more accessible to those who live in poor areas.ICON has teamed up with New St
28、ory,a non-profit organization 8. focuses on finding international housing solutions.Together,they will start building homes in developing countries.This technology is a(n) 9. (amaze) solution for those who are in need of shelter.10. is also possible that 3D-printed houses will become common in riche
29、r countries in years to come.答案与解析1.are考查主谓一致。此处描述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时;又因主语是Food,water,andshelter,故填are。2.to考查介词。thanksto意为“由于,因为”。3.creating考查动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。设空处做介词for的宾语,故填creating。4.needed考查过去分词做定语的用法。thetimeandcost后跟后置定语,因为need与thetimeandcost之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填needed。5.to bring考查不定式做宾语的用法。aimtodosth.意为“打算做某
30、事”。6.more expensive考查形容词比较级。由thanthat以及上文中的“Thisisasmallamountofboththetimeandcost.usingtraditionalmethods”可知,此处应用形容词比较级,表示“更贵的”,故填moreexpensive。7.them考查代词。设空处做宾语,指代thesehouses,表示“它们”,故填them。8.that/which考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰organization且在从句中做主语,故填that或which。9.amazing考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰solution,表示“令人惊讶的”,故填形容词amazing。10.It考查it的用法。设空处做形式主语,真正的主语是that3D-printedhouseswillbecomecommoninrichercountriesinyearstocome,故填It。
