1、2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（现在分词）考点清单一、现在分词作状语要点精讲：1. 现在分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语，强调与句子主语之间主动关系；2.现在分词一般式doing表示与谓语动词（几乎）同时发生；having done则表示该动作先于谓语动作发生。例1： Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.（作时间状语，相当于When she saw those pictures）例2：Being ill, he didnt go to school. （作原因状语，相当于As he was ill）例3：He sa
2、t on the sofa, watching TV. （作伴随状语，相当于He sat on the sofa and watched TV.）例4：Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. （作结果状语，相当于and left）例5：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. （作时间状语，先回信后阅读）【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. (find) the course very difficult,
3、she decided to move to a lower level.2. He was busy writing a story, only (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.3. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.【答案与解析】1. Finding。find与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案是Finding。2. stopping。stop与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。注意不要受only to do影响，该结构表示出乎预料的
4、结果。故答案是stopping。3. Having been asked。结合语境“要求加班”是被动的，且已经发生的，故用having been done。故答案是Having been asked。考点清单二、现在分词作定语要点精讲：1.现在分词作定语表示一个正在进行的动作；having done不能作定语；2. 单个分词作名词前置定语；分词短语作后置定语。例6：The sleeping child is only five years old. （现在分词作前置定语）例7：Do you know the man standing at the gate? （现在分词短语作后置定语）【即时训
5、练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4. -Who were those people with the flags? -A group (call) itself the League of Peace.5. The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months. 6. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten).7. The traffic rule says young children under t
6、he age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 【答案与解析】4. calling。本题itself是关键，若没有itself，答案是called。故答案是calling。5. being built。“建造”这一动作正在进行，又是被动行为，应用being done作定语。故答案是being built。6. frightening; frightened。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到”。故答案是frightening; frightened。
7、7. weighing。weigh, measure表示物体重量、高度等概念时，不能用被动形式。故答案是weighing。考点清单三、现在分词作宾语补足语要点精讲1：观感使役类动词后接现在分词表示“看见/听见某人正在做某事”。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。例8：I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.例9：Its wrong to leave the machine running. 例10：I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed
8、 by her room yesterday.8. She returned home, only to find a number of things _ (steal/miss/go/lose)9. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.10. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake.【答案与解析】8. stolen/missing/lost。be stolen/missing/lost是习惯用
9、法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。9. winding。wind ones way表示“蜿蜒行进”，结合语境这是notice sb doing sth句型。故答案是winding。10. playing。last是关键：失踪的孩子最后一次有人见他在东湖边玩耍。故答案是playing。要点精讲2：用于“with+名词+现在分词”，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+现在分词” 构成独立主格结构。例11：I stood before her with my heart beating fast.例12：Time permitting, we are
10、going to visit you tomorrow.11. With the boy _ (lead) the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.12. The couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog (follow) them. 13. It_(be) Sunday, we went camping and had a nice time.14. The party will be held in the garden,
11、 weather (permit).【答案与解析】11. leading。with sb doing强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是leading。12. following。with sb doing强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是following。13. being。It being Sunday构成独立主格结构，相当于As it was Sunday。故答案是being。14. permitting。weather permitting构成独立主格结构，相当于If weather permits。故答案是permitting。考点清单四、现在分词作表语要点精讲：现在分词作表
12、语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人”。例13：The news that our team had won was very inspiring. 例14：Your idea sounds very interesting. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears.【答案与解析】15. moving; moved。该句意为：这个故事如此感人以至于我都感动落泪了。故答案是moving; moved。考点清单五、状语从句省略要点精讲：1.
13、如果状语从句主语是it is 或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。2. 连接词+现在分词，表示与主语之间主动关系；连接词+现在分词表示与主语之间被动关系。例15：Do be careful when crossing the street. 例16：When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16. Though _ (surprise) to see us, the
14、 professor gave us a warm welcome.17. Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.18. I couldnt find my key to the car when (leave) home.19. While (wait) for a bus, I came across my former English teacher. 【答案与解析】16. surprised。原句可还原为Though he was surprised。故答案是surprised。17. la
15、cking。lack与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是lacking。18. leaving。leave与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是leaving。19. waiting。wait与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是waiting。考点清单六、现在分词短语作插入语要点精讲：英语中generally speaking, judging from/by, talking of, considering等可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。例17：Generally speaking, girls are more careful
16、 than boys. 例18：Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。20. _(talk) of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?21. (judge) from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.【答案与解析】20. Talking。Talking of表示“谈到，说到”，可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是Talking。21. Judg
17、ing。Judging from表示“根据判断”，可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是Judging。考点清单七、现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式（以动词find为例）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式findingbeing foundnot finding完成式having foundhaving been foundnot having found例19：Not having received her reply, I decided to write to her again. 例20：Having spent the past year as an exchange
18、 student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。22. (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 23. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _(perform) live is quite another.24._ (work) for two days, Steve m
19、anaged to finish his report on schedule.25. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _(move), and asked myself what I was going to do.【答案与解析】22. Not knowing。结合语境应用现在分词否定形式。故答案是Not knowing。23. being performed。结合语境“听到音乐现场被演奏”强调正在进行。故答案是being performed。24. Having worked。work与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且“
20、工作两天”发生在“按时完成报告”之前，应用完成式。故答案是has given。25. moving。结合语境not moving短语作伴随状语，故答案是moving。好题再练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. (2021新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure that offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
21、2. (2021天津卷改编)Chinas National Highway 318, _(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the heavenly road“ for its amazing views.3. (2021浙江卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people _ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, h
22、igher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.4. (2020全国II卷)They represent the earth _(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.5. (2020全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.6. (2020
23、浙江卷) Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.7. (2020全国III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
24、 stars, _(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.8. (2019全国II卷)When we got a call _ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.9. (2019北京卷)Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.10. (2018江苏卷改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were
25、created during the period, _(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.【答案】1. aching 2. extending 3. living 4. coming 5. surrounding 6. making 7. listening 8. saying 9. facing 10. exceeding 好题再练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there
26、 again. 12. The meeting _ (be) over, I found her seated at the desk and _(listen) to music.13. _(consider) that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.14. (base)an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.15. While _(speak) to foreigners
27、, you must try your best to make yourself _ (understand). 16. With no central government, the island was ruled by kings, each _(control) a different region of the country. 17. Our car _ (develop) engine trouble, we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area.18. The meeting yesterday / now / (hold
28、) tomorrow is significant.19. China is a _(develop) country _(belong) to the Third World. 20. The manager, (make) it clear that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. 【答案】11. Having eaten 12. being; listening 13. Considering 14. Basing 15. speaking; understood 16. controlling 17. having deve
29、loped 18. held; being held; to be held 19. developing; belonging 20. having made 好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. (2019全国II卷) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.22. (2018全国III卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to
30、read his or her paragraph aloud.23. There is a great deal of evidence indicated that music activities engage different parts of the brain. 24. Look over there theres a very long, winding path led up to the house.25. We are trying to solve the problems arisen from the lack of communication.26. Seeing
31、 from this point, we find no easy solution to the problem.27. She read the letter, tears roll down her cheeks. 28. He got up late and hurried to his office, left the breakfast untouched.29. Now the search is on for the remained five: a dog, a rooster, a dragon, a sheep and a snake.30. There was nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.【答案】21.say改为saying 22. wait改为waiting 23. indicated改为indicating 24. led改为leading 25. arisen改为arising 26. Seeing改为Seen 27. roll改为rolling 28. left改为leaving 29. remained改为remaining 30. was改为being
