1、语 法第4讲状语从句1一、什么是状语从句用一个句子（从句）来作另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫做状语从句。做什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。2二、状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句用法要点凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等，具体用法如下：(1)when 意为“当时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。I feel very happy when you come to see me.When you are crossing the
2、street，you must be careful.when引导的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用瞬间动词。He was working at the table when I went in.Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事,相当于and then。We were working in the chemistry lab，when the lights went out.3二、状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句用法要点凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句
3、的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等，具体用法如下：(2)before 意为“在之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,after与之相反。We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.After you use plastic bags，you mustnt throw them about.注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,也可以不用完成时态。(3)since意为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。We havent seen each
4、other since we parted.常用句型：It is+时间段+since从句“自从有多长时间了”。It is six years since she graduated from the university.4二、状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句用法要点凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等，具体用法如下：(4)till/until 意为“直到时”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，从句常用否定形式，not t
5、ill/until 意为“直到 才”，这时的until可以用before来替换。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用瞬间动词。Ill stay here until/till you come back.（stay表示的动作可以延续）He didnt go to bed until/till he finished his homework.（go to bed 表示的动作不能延续）5二、状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句用法要点凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等，具体用法如
6、下：(5)as soon as 意为“一就”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生,从句常用一般现在时表将来。Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.(6)while意为“与同时，在期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。They rushed in while we were discussing problems.Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，意为“然而”。wh
7、ile意为“尽管”引导让步状语从句时，只用于句首。I like listening to music，while my brother likes doing sports.6二、状语从句的分类2.条件状语从句用法要点连接词主要有if,unless（=if not),as/so long as,on condition that等。Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tired,lets go out for a walk.if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就（不）会
8、有主句的动作发生。它分真实条件状语和虚拟条件状语，（虚拟条件状语见第6讲）前者的从句时态也可用一般现在时表将来。If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.7二、状语从句的分类3.地点状语从句用法要点常由where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）引导。Where there is a will，there is a way.We will go wherever the motherland needs us most.8二、状语从句的分类4.原因状语从句用法要点常用的引导连词有because，as和since，三者的区别是：在
9、回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。Why did you go？I went because Tom told me to go.As it was raining hard，we had to be indoors.Since you feel ill，youd better not go to work.9二、状语从句的分类5.目的状语从句用法要点常用的引导连词有so that，that和in order that,意为“以便，为了，目的是”。Please speak m
10、ore slowly so that we can make full notes.I sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach him in time.注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换作目的状语。We work harder than usual to finish it in a week.10二、状语从句的分类6.结果状语从句用法要点结果状语从句常由sothat 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。比较：so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。
11、such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组；so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。11二、状语从句的分类so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flowerso many/few flowerssuch nice flowersso much/little moneysuch rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot
12、of 为名词性的，只能与such搭配。）sothat与suchthat之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.12二、状语从句的分类7.让步状语从句用法要点当有though,although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用。Although its raining,they are still working in the field.He is very old,but he
13、 still works very hard.Though the sore be healed,yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）13这是状语从句最常见的考查形式，命题意图是检测考生对逻辑关联词的实际运用能力。近年来考查的热点聚焦于：1.引导时间状语从句的when,while,as,before,until,since；引导条件状语从句的unless,once；引导地点状语从句的where以及引导目的(或结果)状语从句的so that等这些普通连词。2.引导时间状语从句的the moment,immediately；引导条件状语从句的in case
14、；引导原因状语从句的now(that)和引导让步状语从句的 even if，even though等这些特殊连词。考点一：状语从句的连词考点一：状语从句的连词14例1（2009陕西）My parents dont mind what job I doI am happy.A.even though B.as soon as C.as long as D.as though根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，引导词意思是：只要。even though引导让步状语从句，意思是：即使；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意思是：一就；as though引导方式状语从句，意思是：仿佛，好像。剖析剖析
15、15例2（2009上海）You cant borrow books from the school libraryyou get your student card.A.before B.if C.while D.asbefore 在之前。剖析剖析161.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。2.when,before,after引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系。考点二：状语从句的时态考点二：状语从句的时态例Come and see me whenever.A.you are convenient B.you will be convenient C.it is conven
16、ient to you D.it will be convenient to you 在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来。问某人是否觉得方便时，应该使用下面句型：Is it convenient to sb。convenient也常用于it作形式主语的句型中：It is convenient for sb to do sth 本题选C正确。剖析剖析17主要考查如何强调not until引导的时间状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。考点三：状语从句的强调考点三：状语从句的强调例 It was not until she got homeJennifer realized she h
17、ad lost her keys.A.when B.that C.where D.before强调句的基本结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that/who要判断一个句子是不是强调句，可以把It is/wasthat/who去掉，适当调整语序，如果句子完整，那一定是强调句。not until句型的强调句形式为 It was not untilthat剖析剖析18主要考查在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或根据省略情况解决问题的能力。考点四：状语从句的成分省略考点四：状语从句的成分省略例（2009湖南）Every evening after dinner,if notf
18、rom work,I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiring C.tired D.to be tired 省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if I am not tired from work，根据省略的原则，选C。状语从句中的省略：如果状语从句中的主语和主句一致而且有be动词构成谓语，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。剖析剖析19这方面近年来较少考查，内容包括：1.as if/as though从句以及If only（但愿，要是就好了）句子的虚拟情况：用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示
19、对过去的虚拟。2.if引导的非真实条件句。考点五：状语从句的语气考点五：状语从句的语气例I stood up,hanging my head.I could recite the whole text!A.Only if B.If only C.If D.Unlessif only 如果就好了，后面用虚拟语气。剖析剖析20一般情况下，引导状语从句的连词应放在从句之首，其后用陈述句语序。但要注意以下几种倒装情况：1.“only+状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。2.not until 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。3.表 示“一 就”的 两 个 常 见
20、结 构“no soonerthan”和“hardlywhen”，当 no sooner和hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，且用过去完成时态。考点六：状语从句或主句的语序考点六：状语从句或主句的语序例Did Linda see the traffic accident?No,no sooner than it happened.A.had she gone B.she had gone C.has she gone D.she has gone214.so/suchthat（如此以致）结构中，so 或such位于句首加强语气时，主句用部分倒装语序。考点六：状语从句或主句的语序考点六：状
21、语从句或主句的语序例 So difficultit to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A.I did find B.did I find C.I have found D.have I found该句的正常语序是：I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.剖析剖析225.as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。若被前置的表语是单数名词时，须
22、省略冠词。考点六：状语从句或主句的语序考点六：状语从句或主句的语序例，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may D.Quiet as he may be a studentas 引导让步状语从句时，表语、状语等要置于句首；当表语位于单数名词前时，前面的不定冠词通常省略，故选。剖析剖析236.however或no matter how引导的让步状语从句
23、的一般语序应为however/no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词。考点六：状语从句或主句的语序考点六：状语从句或主句的语序例He tried his best to solve the problem,difficult it was.A.however B.no matter C.whatever D.although因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however（不管多么），故选A。剖析剖析24考考点点七七：应应注注意意“The The+比比较较级级+主主语语+谓谓语语动动词词,the the+比比较较级级+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词”这一句型结构
24、中的词序这一句型结构中的词序例 As far as I am concerned,education is about learning and the more you learn,.A.the more for life you are equipped B.the more equipped for life you are C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life这一句型结构中的前半部分相当于一个条件状语从句。the more you learn,the more equipped for life you are.相当于if you learn more,you are more equipped for life.句意是：“就我而论，教育说的就是学习，学得越多，为未来的人生准备就越充分。”剖析剖析25感谢观赏！26
