1、定语从句一.定语从句的基本知识1.定义：修饰限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻译为:“的”。2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。3.位置：放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。4.关系词：定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类，但关系代词作宾语、表语时可以省去。关系词之间的区别请看下面两幅图。图:关系代词在定语从句中主语,宾语,表语和定语whowhomwhichthataswhose人人物人物人物人物主宾表宾主宾表主宾表主宾表定图：关系副词在定语从句中仅作状语when wherewhy时间词地点词原因词时间状语地点状语原因状语注意：一定要在理解的基础上记忆关系代词和关
2、系副词在定语从句中所作的成分。what 不能引导定语从句,但能引导名词性从句。that不可引导非限制性定语从句。被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。关系代词that不能作介词的宾语。二.定语从句中的重点,难点,易混点和高考中的考点1.as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别:as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时,它们的先行词都可以是整个句子,区别 在于:as 引导的从句位置灵活,可以放在主句的前,中和后,而 which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后.as 常被译为“正如 ”,而 which 常被译为“这一点这”Taiwan is part of China,as is known to
3、 all.Mary didnt pass the driving test,which made her very sad.注意:as 常用于以下结构:as+主语+see know expect imagine suppose.as be seen known expected imagined supposed.as often happens.as has been said before.as is often the case.(1).The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employed mo
4、re people to keep it running,_ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.(江苏)A.who B.that C.as D.which(2)._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As (江苏)DD高 考 衔 接2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别:that 在引导定语从句时,代先行词并且在从句中作成分,作宾语和表语时可以省略,而引导同位语从句的 that 在从句中不作任何成分,无词义,且不能省略。wh
5、at 不引导定语从句,但引导同位语从句,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语和定语,不可省略.This is the suggestion that he put forward.()He gave me a suggestion that we should start at 5 oclock.()定语从句同位语从句(3).-Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.(四川)A.which B.that C.wha
6、t D.noneB高 考 衔 接3.几个特殊先行词后的定语从句:reason 为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用 why 引导,如果缺少主语宾语表语,则用thatwhich 引导。the way 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用thatin which 引导,也可以省略,如果 缺少主语宾语表语,则用thatwhich 引导。situation case point spot scene 为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用 where 引导。occasion 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用 when 引导。This is the reason that which
7、he gave.We may be trapped in such a situation where we have no one to turn to.(5).Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(山东)A.who B.which C.why D.when D(4).-Do you have anything to say for yourselves?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.(江西)A.why B.where C.how D
8、.D高 考 衔 接(6).Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it was so poorly equipped.(安徽)A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that(7).-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.(山东)A.that B.there C.which D.whereAD高 考 衔 接4.定语从句与强调句型
9、及其它复合句的结合It is John who runs a website where he encourages people to protect theenvironment.The village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what is now part of Hubei Province.Exercises(1).Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.it (浙江)(2).We
10、will be shown around the city:school,museums,and some other places,_ other visitors seldom go.(北京 2002)A.what B.which C.where D.when (3).I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.(上海 2003)A.why B.which C.as D.where(4).Th
11、e place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.(江苏)A.which,where B.at which,which C.at which;where D.which;in which (5).Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ effects the people are still suffering.(天津)A.that B.whose C.those D.whatACDCB
