1、Grammar表语从句和宾语从句Noun clauses as the object and predicative名词性从句宾语表语Noun Clauses(名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。什么是宾语？I know him.Do you have the time?Why dont you pay attentio
2、n to me?宾语位于谓语动词（及物动词）或者介词后Object Clauses 宾语从句1.I know him.2.I know who he is.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾 语 从 句连词 从句主语 从句谓语主句（复合句）Object Clauses宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句由连
3、接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 when,where,why,how,引导的宾语从句由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123e.g.1.I hear(that)_.2.He said(that)_.3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.he will be back in an hourhe missed us very muchthe earth moves由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略around the sunthat不能省
4、略的3种情况（2）当that作介词except,in 宾语时They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.(1)如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句的that一般不可省。My uncle said(that)he would come and that he would also bring his son.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make
5、等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.We heard it that she would get married next month.由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句I want to know _ _.2.Ask him _.3.I wonder _.4.Could you tell me_?if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(if)he can come whether it is
6、 going to rain or notif/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,know,find out,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后。whether(if)Mr Li lives here只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况1.在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.)：They asked me
7、whether to go skating.3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were wo
8、rried about _ he is safe.3.I wonder _ he is well.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.He asked _.2.Do you know_?3.He asked_.4.Do you know _?5.Please tell me _.6.Can you tell me _?7.Could you tell me _?who could answer the questionwhom the
9、y are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.When will he go to the libr
10、ary?His brother asks when he will go to the library.2.What did he want to buy?I dont know what he wanted to buy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?What happened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：eg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tel
11、l me who he is?做主语做宾语否定的转移I dont think this dress fits you well.I dont think you are right.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。I dont believe you will finish the work today.我认为你今天无法完成工作。在第一人称 I,we 与动词 think,expect,believe,guess,suppose,consider,imagine等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。一些含有假设、建议、命令、要求、计划等意思的动词后面
12、的宾语从句要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”结构,should 可以省略。这类动词有:advise,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest等。如：I suggested that he(should)study harder.vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际
13、情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.vHe said that he had seen it.The teacher told me she was born in 1960.I heard that he went to Paris last nigh
14、t.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three plus three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.I hear
15、 they _ (return)it already.4.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)will begoeshave returnedhad beenrises宾语从句三要素时态Summary (小结）引导词（连接词）语序1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether2.We don
16、t know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which 3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A.that B.if C.when D.what time4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whether D.thatDABC Practice5.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.whe
17、re is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station6.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he likeCD8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 9.Could you tell me how long _?A.y
18、ou have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China10.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go BCDThe predicative ClausesThe predicative Clauses 表语从
19、句表语从句M3U3 GrammarM3U3 Grammar观察思考：指出句子成分Henry was an American businessman.Henry met an American businessman.主语表语主语谓语宾语（及物动词）连系动词Predicative 表语 什么是表语：什么是系动词：表语的位置：在英语中表示主语的身份，状态，特征等的部分叫表语。可以用作表语的有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语，从句等。表语位于系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，常与后面的表语一起构成系表结构充当谓语。1.be 动词是最常
20、见的系动词，可以有多种时态。2.表示结果:become成为，当3.表示状况，样子等：seem,appear,look 看起来，看上去4.表示变化：go,come，get,turn,fall,run,grow 变得，变成5.感官系动词表示感觉：feel摸起来，感觉；smell闻起来；taste尝起来；sound听起来,；look看起来6.表示状态：prove证明是；turn out；remain保持，仍然；stay保持，停留；keep保持；stand位于；lie位于；rest停留，剩余1.名词，代词，数词用作表语：He finally became a successful pianist.My
21、 father used to be a football player.She is very tired and looks it.We are seventeen.2.形容词用作表语：Time is precious to everybody.In time of danger,he remains calm.The dream will come true.The price sounds reasonable.The man is said to have gone mad.China is growing stronger and stronger.The thought lies
22、 heavy on her mind.They stood still,saying nothing.3.副词用作表语：Are you there?The manager is out to dinner with the customers.He has been away from his hometown for many years.Todays work is over.4.介词（短语）用作表语：Are you on duty today?Everything is in good order.She is in good health.They appear out of brea
23、th.5.分词用作表语：Its surprising that you havent met.Im so much surprised at it.He looked worried after reading the letter.They seemed disappointed at the news.Are you well prepared?6.不定式用作表语：All I could do was(to)wait.His job is to feed the animals.Our aim is to hold the 2008 Olympic Games in China succe
24、ssful.He seemed to be very tired.1.表语从句的定义The question is who will do it.The question is difficult.（表）表语从句（表）Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。2.表语从句的构成主语+系动词+引导词+简单句This is why he did it.从属连词：that/whether/as if/as though/because (if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：when/where
25、/why/how 3.表语从句的连接词表语从句两大要素：除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。除that,whether 外的所有引导词都必须在从句中充当相应的成分。1.that 引导的表语从句that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.2.whether 引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.The question
26、 is whether what man will turn up in time.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。e.g.Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.The important thing is
27、 whose name should be put on the top of the list.4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。e.g.Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended a
28、n American wedding.5.其他连词as if,because,as though 引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.6
29、.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用虚拟语气should+动词原形 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.策划：学生双语报45表语从句中应该注意：（1）当the reason 或why引导主语从句时，常用that(不用because)引导表语从句。Why we should not play on the ground is thatwe are having cla
30、ss.The reason why we should not play on the ground is that we are having class.（2)Whether 引导表语从句,if 不能引导表语从句试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从)(定
31、从)(定从)（一）1、Do you know wherenow?A、he lives B、does he live C、he lived D、did he live2、Can you tell me what time？A、the train leave B、does the train leaveC、will the train leave D、the train leaves3、I cant understand _ A、what does Christmas mean B、what Christmas does mean C、what mean Christmas does D、what
32、 Christmas means单项选择4、I dont knowhe will come tomorrow。he comes，I will tell youA If；whether B whether;whetherC if;That D if;If5、I want to know A whom is she looking after B whom she is looking C whom is she looking D whom she is looking after6.Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island?A.what B.how C.if D.whether 7.Lily said _ she had finished her composition.A.if B.that C.when D.where 8.I dont know _ he still lives here.A.where B.what C.when D.whether9.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how I would get to the station D.how I can reach the station
