1、Grammar and usageGrammar and usagel 英语的五个基本句型结构：l S 十 V主谓结构He runs quicklyl S 十 V 十 P主系表结构 The story sounds interestingl S 十 V 十 O主谓宾结构 They built a house last yearl S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat/his seat to mel S 十 V 十 O 十 C主谓宾补结构lThey found her happy that dayThey called her the Loul
2、an Beauty。They made Professor Zhang director of the instituteWe found the ruins most interesting.They believed this document to be the official version.Professor Zhangs speech was full of humour and made us all laugh.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.She made Joe her companion in Rome.O 十
3、 C_l It makes me more beautiful.l It makes me slim.lll宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。宾语补足语1.They made Liu Xiang spokesman of their product.2.I find it difficult to raise the money.3.Ill ask her out tomorrow evening.4.Through the window,I could see the rain coming down in s
4、heets.5.Really good advertising persuades people to behave in certain ways.6.She is going to have the novel translated.7.His speech left the president in an awkward situation.(n.)(adj.)(adv.)(prep.phr.)(-ing)(to do)可以用作宾语补足语的有_ _。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词(p.p.)_He had wardrobes and cupboards
5、 full of clothes.got his clothes changedevery few hours every dayThe Emperor _.get his clotheschangehad the lights burning all night longThe two thieves _.havethe lightsburn 含使动意义的动词,所接的宾补多为动词原形或过去分词。let,have,make 等。1.If Mr Smith is in the hall,will he please make himself _(know)to me?2.It makes peo
6、ple _(know)the importance of protecting environment.3.The machine doesnt work.I must have it _(repair)right now.knownknowrepairedThe Emperor expected the two“tailors”to invent a new cloth.v+sb.+to do sth.结构中的动词,所接的宾补一般是不定式。advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,force,get,help,inspire,invite,order,permit,
7、persuade,request,require,tell,teach,train,urge,want,warn,wish等1.I have trained my dog _(fetch)my slippers.2.They were warned _ (not climb)the mountain in such bad weather.to fetchnot to climbordered the parade to beginafter he was dressed in his new clothesThe Emperor _.orderthe paradebeginThey saw
8、the Emperor walking in the street.感官动词,所接的宾补可以是v-ing形式,也可以是动词原形。feel,hear,listen to,notice,observe,see,watch,look at1.I saw him _(cross)the road.注:He was seen _(cross)the road.cross/crossingto cross/crossing但当这些词用于被动语态时,不定式要带towas considered a foolwith no clothes onThe Emperor _!considerthe Emperora
9、 fool含命名意义的动词,所接的宾补一般是名词。call,name,appoint,elect,make,considerCall me Joe,please.She was elected president of the company.l 注意和双宾语区别：They have made me chairman.They have made me a nice chair.(宾补)(直接宾语)find,keep 等几个词的用法非常灵活,后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。We found it very difficult to solve the proble
10、m.How can you keep them waiting for so long?Suddenly I found my wallet stolen.Keep the books on the shelf.Tell a story.find keep1.I saw him _(enter)the room,_ (take)something and _(go)out.2.Please have these boxes _(carry)to the station right now.entertakegocarried Fill in each blank with the proper
11、 verb forms.3.I dont want that kind of thing _(keep)happening.4.He asked for the letter _ (send)at once.to keepto be sent5.They found an old woman _(lie)on the ground.6.Youd better get a doctor _ (pull)out your bad tooth.7.He sat listening to her _ (climb)the stairs.lyingto pullclimbing8.The workers
12、 were made _ (work)extra hours every day.to work1.当你刷牙的时候，不要让水一直流着。_ while you brush your teeth.2.我听说你这次被选为班长了。I heard that_ this time.3.有段时间他的祖母觉得很难接受他的新想法。For a time his grandmother found _ his new idea.4.演讲者提高了声音，但还是无法让人听见。The speaker raised his voice,but still _.5.不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。You cant expec
13、t _ _.Dont leave the water runningit hard to acceptcouldnt make himself heardyou were elected monitorto learn a foreign language in a weekTranslation.l在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，l I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomingsl We all thought it a p
14、ity that you couldnt join us.l 注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,consider 等。l Do you consider it any good trying again?-What do you think about Harry Potter?-I find it _.More practice More practice with an object complimentwith an object compliment:very interesting/an in
15、teresting bookHomework1.Review the Object and the Object Complement on P48.2.Finish the exercise on page108 C11.The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语 the man;再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系,而且,lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此,该题应选A。
16、2.-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like to have the package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语 the package;再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说,只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。3.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.sailing C.t
17、o sail D.to have sailed简析:该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词,Peter 是动名词的逻辑主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move简析:该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。专项练习lColors can change our moods and make ushappy or sad,energetic or sleep
18、y.l A.to feel B.feeling C.felt D.feell -There is nobody here.Lets play football.l-No,we cant.My father often tells mein the street.Its dangerous.l A.to play B.dont play C.not to playl Hi,will you please teach me to play the piano?l A.what B.how C.why D.whenDCBl I saw him the key the lock,turn in and
19、 open the door.l A.pointing;in B.put;in C.putting;to D.point;tol The rain makes the people .They think the trees planted yesterday can grow well.l A.happy B.annoying C.sad D.terrifyingBADont leave the water _while you brush your teeth.(天津2004)A.run B.running C.being run D.to run Laws that punish par
20、ents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.(重庆2004)A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worryHe looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(北京2004春)A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.puttingThe teacher asked us _so much noise.(北京2003)A.dont makeB.no
21、t make C.not makingD.not to makeThe maid is coming today.Well have her _ the windows.A,washed B,to washing C,to wash D,washWe found many old people _ at the back of the house,smoking and talking.A,sat B,sit C,seat D,seatedE,sittingThough I cant make the model ship _faster,the model plane can be made
22、 _ higher by any of the boys here,A,sail;to fly B,to sail;flyC,to sail;to fly D,sail;fly The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play I feel _ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.A.that B.how C.it D.what It is wise to have some money _ foe old
23、 age.A.put away B.kept up C.given away D.laid up He slipped into the room,without himself _.A.seen B.being seen C.seeing D.to see He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdly I think _ necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is Paul doesnt have to be made _.He a
24、lways works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning You cant have the horse _ all the way.Its too hot.A.run B.to run C.running D.to be running When I came back,I found the house _ and everything _.A.was broken;took away B.broken into;taken awayC.had been broken;taken D.break into;take away I he
25、ard that you were elected _ this time.A.monitor B.the monitor C.a monitor D.my monitor The house they _ in the floods must be rebuilt before winter comes.A.had washed away B.had to wash awayC.had them washed away D.had washed them away When I came back,I found nobody _.It was empty.A.on B.out C.in D.away The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.it is hard to
