1、1ruin1)n.倒塌的建筑物；废墟常用于结构：be/lie in ruins 破烂不堪；呈一片废墟Did you see the ruins of a bombedout office block?你见到过被炸毁的办公楼的废墟吗？The castle now lies in ruins.这座城堡已成为一片废墟了。2)vt.(完全地)毁坏；毁掉；使破产She poured water all over the painting and ruined it.她把水倒在这幅画上，把画毁了。I was ruined by that law case.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。知识拓展be in ru
2、ins 呈一片废墟fall into ruin 已成废墟bring sth.to ruin 使毁灭come to ruin 毁灭；落空go to ruin 毁灭ruin oneself 自我毁灭be the ruin of 成为毁灭/堕落的原因blue ruin 劣等的酒；大灾难；破产；失败；大丑闻bring ruin upon oneself 自取死亡ruined adj.毁灭的；荒废的ruinous adj.破坏性的；招致毁灭的ruinously adv.毁灭地；败坏地即学即用If you go on stealing,you will _ your future.AdamageBruin
3、Cbreak Ddestroy答案：B2erupt vi.(火山的)爆发；喷发；突然发生Mount Vesuvius hasnt erupted for a good many years.维苏威火山已有很多年没爆发了。Laughter erupted from the audience.观众一阵大笑。Violence erupted in the city after the football match.足球赛后城里发生了暴力事件。词语辨析erupt,explode,burst知识拓展eruption n.U，C(火山的)爆发；喷发；突发The eruption of volcano ma
4、kes many people lose their lives.火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。It resulted in the eruption of the crisis in Asia.那件事促成了亚洲危机的发生。即学即用翻译句子这座火山随时都可能爆发。_答案：The volcano could erupt at any time.3previousWho was the previous owner of the car?这辆汽车以前的车主是谁？Have you had previous career experience?你过去有过工作经验吗？搭配previous to 在之前H
5、is father died two hours previous to his arrival.他父亲在他到达之前两小时去世了。Previous to leaving for France,he studied a lot about the country.他在启程去法国前，对有关法国的事情作了相当多的研究。词语辨析previous,formerHe said he had arrived on the previous night.他说他是前一天夜里到达的。She is my former landlady.她是我以前的房东。即学即用There are plenty of jobs _
6、in the western part of the country.Apresent BavailableCprecious Dconvenient答案：B4possibility n.可能；可能性；可能发生的事(常用复数)Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week?本周你有可能去伦敦吗？What seemed impossible seems a distinct possibility.过去看似不可能的事现在显然有可能了。知识拓展possible adj.可能的Ill do everything possibl
7、e to help you.我会尽一切可能帮助你。词语辨析possible,probable,likelypossible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调“客观上有可能”，但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思。probable语气比possible强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概”、“很可能”的意思。likely是常用词，指从表面迹象来看很有可能。Frost is possible,although unlikely,at this time of year.在一年中的这个时候，下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性并不大。Its highly probable that th
8、ey will win the match.他们很可能会赢得这场比赛。Its very likely to clear up by and by.很可能不久要放晴了。高考直击(2010陕西22)Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.A.likely B.possibleC.probable D.sure 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。所填词做表语，主语是人，由more来修饰，意思是：可能，选A。其
9、中四个选项中possible和probable也都“可能的”之意，但他们做表语时主语只能是物，sure在此处意思不恰当。答案：A即学即用_is_that you grow this flower even in winter.AThere;possible BIt;possibleCIt;possibility DThat;possible答案：B5terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的Last night I heard a terrifying sound.昨晚我听到了可怕的声音。知识拓展1)terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的He was terrified at the
10、sight.看到这景象他吓了一跳。2)terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓The noise which he had made terrified me.他弄的这些声音吓了我一跳。3)英语中一些表心理变化的动词，其ing和ed形式通常起形容词作用，在句中作定语或表语。ing形式表示“令人的”；ed形式表示“某人感到的”。常见的成对的形容词有：interesting 有趣的；引起兴趣的/interested 对感兴趣的surprising 令人惊奇的/surprised 对感到惊奇的exciting 令人兴奋的/excited 对感到兴奋的moving 感动人的/moved 受感动的inspir
11、ing 鼓舞人心的/inspired 受到鼓舞的puzzling 令人迷惑的/puzzled 感到迷惑的即学即用The scene was_andthe boy there were all_.Aterrified;terrible Bterrifying;terrifiedCterrible;terrifying Dterrified;terrifying答案：BThe_lookon her face suggested that she_what we said.Asurprising;had heardBsurprised;had heardCsurprising;should hear
12、Dsurprised;should hear答案：B6luckily/fortunately 幸运地是(常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开)Luckily/Fortunately,I passed the exam.幸运的是，我考试及格了。知识拓展1)反义词：unluckily/unfortunatelyUnluckily/Unfortunately,he didnt get the job.不幸的是，他没有得到这份工作。2)lucky/fortunate adj.好运的，幸运的It was lucky/fortunate that I met you here.我在这儿见到你真走运。I wa
13、s very lucky(fortunate)to get a copy so cheap.我这么便宜地买到一本，真是幸运极了。3)luck n.运气 fortune n.运气；财富4)常用来修饰全句的副词有：fortunately/luckily(幸运地)；unfortunately/unluckily(不幸的是)；thankfully(感谢地)；hopefully(满怀希望地)；sadly(悲伤地)；happily(高兴地)。即学即用_，people are beginning to realize how serious this situation is.AFortunate BFor
14、tunatelyCBeing lucky DBeing luckily答案：BIt was_that his stepmother was kind to him.Afortune BfortunateCunlucky Dluckily答案：B7warning n.警告；告诫Thanks to my mothers warning,I didnt get caught in the rain.多亏了妈妈的警告，我没有挨雨淋。There is a warning on the bottle of the medicine.那药瓶上标有注意事项。知识拓展warn vt.1)(常与of,agaisn
15、t/about连用)警告；提醒；告诫I was warned of the man.有人警告我要提防那个男人。Our teacher warned him against smoking.我们老师警告他不要吸烟。上句也可说成：Our teacher warned him not to smoke.2)(常与that连用)事先通知They called and warned me that they might be delayed.他们打来电话，预先告诉我他们可能耽搁一会儿。3)常用短语He warned us that the roads were icy.他提醒我们路上结了冰。I warn
16、ed him of the danger.我提醒他有危险。He had been warned not to talk to anyone.已警告过他不要与任何人交谈。He warned me against crossing the street at that place.他警告我不要在那个地方过马路。高考直击(2010天津13)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.onC.for D.against解析：考查介词用法。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸
17、，因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb.against doing sth.相当于warn sb.not to do sth,意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。答案：D即学即用She gave her child a_not to play near the railway line.Amessage BtipCadvice Dwarning答案：DThe patient was warned_oily food after the operation.Ato eat not Beating notCnot to eat Ddont to eat
18、答案：C8thankfully1)adv.幸亏There was a fire in the building,but thankfully no one was hurt.大楼失火了，但幸好没有伤着人。Thankfully,the house was empty when I got home.谢天谢地，我到家的时候房子还空着。2)adv.高兴地；感激地I accepted the invitation thankfully.我愉快地接受了邀请。知识拓展thank v.谢谢；感谢thankless adj.不感激的；不领情的thanks n.感谢；感激Thanksgiving n.感恩节即学
19、即用英译汉Thankfully,I got the train at last._答案：谢天谢地，我终于赶上火车了。9hopefully1)adv.有希望地Hopefully,well arrive before dark.我们有望在天黑前到达。2)adv.怀着希望地知识拓展hope v.&n.希望；期望hopeful adj.有希望地；抱有希望的hopeless adj.无望的即学即用The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will_have been solved by the end of next week.Aeager
20、ly BhopefullyCimmediately Dgradually答案：B10sadly1)adv.令人遗憾地；不幸地Sadly,after eight years of marriage they had grown apart.不幸的是，结婚8年后，他们的感情日渐淡漠了。2)adv.悲伤地；伤心地She shook her head sadly.她难过地摇了摇头。3)adv.极；苦苦地She will be sadly missed.人们会很想她的。知识拓展sad adj.难过的；悲哀的sadness n.悲伤；难过sadden v.使悲伤即学即用翻译句子看着他们离开，我很难过。_答
21、案：It was sad to see them go.1according.to.根据；按照；据所说；按所记载According to todays newspaper,the chairman has gone abroad.据今天的报纸报道，主席已经出国了。According to the radio,it will be snowy today.据广播报道，今天将会下雪。知识拓展accord n.一致；符合；vi.&vt.相符合；一致；授予；赠予accordance n.一致；和谐in accord with 与一致；与相符with one accord 一致地；一致同意地of one
22、s own accord 出于自愿；主动地in accordance with 与一致；按照We acted in accordance with your wish.我们是按你们的意愿办事的。即学即用翻译句子据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。_答案：According to Mick,its a great movie.2set fire to 使着火(set sth.on fire)Sparks from the fireplace could easily set the curtains on fire.壁炉里爆出来的火花会很容易引燃窗帘。Rioters set fire to a wh
23、ole row of shops.暴乱分子放火烧了一整排商店。知识拓展catch fire 着火(表示动作)make a fire 生火be on fire 着火(表示状态)play with fire 玩火；做危险的事set sth.on fire 放火烧set about 开始做；着手做set out 出发；开始set down 放下；记下set free 释放set off 启程；使爆炸set up 建立set back 使倒退set to 认真开始做set forward 出发；出动即学即用Some youths had _ to a police car.Acatch fire Bs
24、et fireCon fire Dsetted fire答案：B3leave sb./sth.宾补(v.ing/v.ed/形容词/副词/介词短语等)表示“使处于某种状态”。The shower left a beautiful rainbow hanging in the sky.阵雨过后，一道美丽的彩虹高挂在天空。He left the room with the light on.他出门没有关灯。With these words,he went out,leaving the child crying there.说完这些话他就出去了，任由那个孩子在那儿哭。高考直击(2009辽宁)My p
25、arents have promised to come to see me before I_for Africa.Ahave left BleaveCleft Dwill leave解析：考查时态。在时间状语从句中，从句中的将来时用一般现在时表示。句意为：我父母答应我，在我出发去非洲之前来看我。答案：B即学即用Ill not go to the cinema myself and will_Tomto buy the tickets.AletBhaveCdepartDleave答案：D(2007西 城)At last,I remembered that I had_the key at h
26、ome.Aforgotten BleftCbrought Dtaken答案：B1过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被语态由“助动词hadbeen过去分词”构成。规 则 说 明例 句表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用by,at,before等构成的短语或when,after,until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。The project had been completed by the end of 1990.这项工程已于1990年底竣工。The classroom had been cleaned before we came
27、.我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。The dog had been tortured after he was stolen from his owners yard.这只狗自它被从主人的院子里偷走后受尽了虐待。规 则 说 明例 句表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去；常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。The sale had been advertised for several weeks.这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。Much work had been done since she arrived here.自她抵达这
28、里后做了许多工作。用在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。If the work had been done earlier,it had already been finished.如果早点做这项工作，现在就已经做完了。用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said,told,thought,wondered等过去时动词后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。We all thought he had been killed
29、 in the plane crash.我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。2.间接引语当句子从直接引语变为间接引语时，应特别注意各部分的变化。(1)时态的变化规 则 说 明例 句若主句动词为现在时，间接引语的动词时态不变。She says,“He was very kind.”She says that he was very kind.她说他很友善。若主句动词为过去时，间接引语动词的时态变化如下：现在时过去时过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时过去完成时The girl asked,“Have you seen such a little dog passing by？”The girl asked
30、 if I had seen such a little dog passing by.小姑娘问我是否看见一只小狗经过这里。表示不变的真理或事实，或表示历史上的事实，或有明确的表示时间的状语时，间接引语中动词的时态不变。“Two and two make(s)four，”he said.Hesaid that two and two make(s)four.他说2加2等于4。The teacher said,“Columbus discovered America in 1492.”The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 149
31、2.老师说哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化引语变化成分直接引语间接引语指示词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis eveningthat eveningyesterdaythe day beforethe previous dayyesterday morningthe morning beforelast nightthe night befor
32、etwo days agotwo days before引语变化成分直接引语间接引语时间状语next weekthe next week the following weektomorrowthe next day the following daythe day beforetwo days beforethe day after tomorrowin two days time two days after地点状语herethere方向性动词bringtakecomegoJack said,“I have been working here for a dozen years.”Jack
33、said that he had been working there for a dozen years.杰克说他在那儿工作12年了。He said to me,“I read it yesterday.”He told me that he had read it the day before.他告诉我他昨天已经读过了。The teacher said,“Please bring all the books downstairs up here.”The teacher asked the students to take all the books downstairs up there
34、.老师让学生把楼下所有的书拿到楼上来。(3)人称的变化规 则 说 明例 句直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要作相应的变动，使其与动词的人称一致。如果直接引语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为第三人称或第一人称；第三人称一般不做改变。He said to Tom,“We have made a mistake.”He said to Tom that they had made a mistake.他对汤姆说他们犯了一个错误。Jane told me,“Im going to invite all my friends to my party.”Jane told me
35、 that she was going to invite all her friends to her party.简告诉我说她要邀请她所有的朋友来参加聚会。“Ill let you know as soon as I get the tickets.”he told me.He told me that he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets.他告诉我说他一搞到票就通知我。高考直击(2007江 苏)At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement _.Aha
36、s been reached Bhad been reachedChas reached Dhad reached解 析：考 查 动 词 词 组 及 时 态、语 态。reach an agreement“达成协议”是在“宣布”之前发生的事，故用过去完成时。答案：B即学即用The new suspension bridge_by the end of last month.Ahas been designed Bhad been designedCwas designed Dwould be designed答案：BHe_more than 5 000 English words when he
37、 entered the university at the age of 15.Ahas learned Bwould have leftClearned Dhad learned答案：DHow long_eachother before they_married?For about a year.Ahave they known;getBdid they know;were going to getCdid they know;are going to getDhad they known;got答案：DThe book_unnoticed for a few days before sh
38、e found it.Ahad laid Bhad been lainChad been laid Dhad been laying答案：CThe boss was happy to know the tickets_.Awas booked Bhad been bookedCwere booked Dhave been booked答案：BThe trees looked as if they_for a long time.Ahasnt watered Bdidnt waterChadnt been watered Dwasnt watered答案：CThe custom had been
39、_to our country before the end of the 10th century.Ahanded down Bhanded onChanded out Dhanded over答案：BWhen first_to the market,these products were a hit.Aintroduced BintroducingCintroduce Dbeing introduced答案：AThe manager discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.Acarry out Bcarryi
40、ng outCcarried out Dto carry out答案：CTom and Jenny got married yesterday.Did you go to the feast?No,I_.Did they have a big wedding?Awasnt invited Bhave not been invitedChadnt been invited Ddidnt invite答案：CIf only I_to the party last night.Awas Bhad been goneChad attended Dhad been答案：DMy luggage had been closely_beforeI entered the office.Aexamined BtestedCchecked Dexamining答案：AIf he_，he_that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.Awas warned;wouldnt takeBwould have been warned;hadnt takenCwould be warned;hadnt takenDhad been warned;wouldnt have taken答案：D
