1、PART 3 课后习题【Passage 1】The story of cleaning up plastic garbage 清理塑料垃圾的故事文章来源：同步练习题 体裁：记叙文 词数：296 【文章导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位退休教师有感于电影介绍的塑料污染危害而决定清理塑料垃圾的故事。 【你的笔记】Along the coast of Cornwall, the UK, by the white beaches near St Austell, a superhero stands tall. What is this superheros weapon of choice?
2、She has two, actually: in one hand, a large recycling bag, and in the other, a heavyduty litter picker.Meet Pat Smith, the 71yearold ecowarrior (环境卫士) also known as “Action Granny”. Pat set herself a task to clear the plastic from 52 beaches in Cornwall and Devon. The former teacher jumped into acti
3、on after watching a film called A Plastic Ocean, which described the range of plastic pollution damaging the worlds oceans and killing sea life.“It was really lifechanging for me，” says Pat.“Until that point, I hadnt realized there was a problem with plastic in the ocean. I went home from the theate
4、r and was really bothered. We have been consuming so much plastic that we are causing an ocean crisis.I said to myself Ive got to do something about it.”From January 1 until December 31, 2018, Pat cleaned one beach every week.Yet even with the year over and her task completed, she hasnt stopped.Pat
5、is also picking up litterand so are her children in the playground, “My daughterinlaw said last week that she had organized a litterpicking activity in the playground with other children.That just shows you that when people are exposed to what you do, they are very likely to follow in your footsteps
6、.”Joining Pat today is Marta, a research fellow at the Basque Center for Climate Change, who has travelled from Spain to Cornwall to show support for Pats action. She also explained her intention of cooperation to Pat. As an environmentalist herself, Marta knows how important it is to work hand in h
7、and, and she would like to show her sincerity.1. How does the author start the passage?A. By raising a question.B. By giving a definition.C. By describing a situation.D. By introducing a familiar film.2. What made Pat decide to clean beach plastic?A. Her title as a superhero.B. Her using too much pl
8、astic.C. Her previous job as a teacher.D. Her watching A Plastic Ocean.3. Why did Marta go to Cornwall?A. To ask for support from Pat.B. To advocate Pat and work together with her.C. To raise peoples awareness of climate change.D. To show the importance of protecting the environment.4. What can be a
9、 suitable title for the passage?A. A Retired Teachers War on Plastic WasteB. The Cooperation Between Pat and MartaC. A Considerate Granny and National SuperheroD. An Elderly Grannys Study on Climate Change【参考答案】1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Along the coast of Cornwall, the UK, by the white beaches near St Aus
10、tell, a superhero stands tall.”可知，本文是以介绍地理位置和环境特点开始的。2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The former teacher jumped into action after watching a film called A Plastic Ocean”可知，帕特是通过观看电影塑料海洋后，才决定采取行动清理海滩塑料垃圾的。3. B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Joining Pat today is Marta.show support for Pats action.She also explained her intention of
11、 cooperation to Pat.”可知，玛尔塔来到康沃尔的目的是支持帕特的行动并愿意和她一起工作。4. A标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一位退休教师有感于电影介绍的塑料污染问题而决定清理海滩塑料垃圾的故事。因此A项适合作文章标题。【Passage 2】Anomalous northward migration of marine organisms 海洋生物异常北移文章来源：同步练习题 体裁：说明文 词数：314 【文章导读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了海洋热浪致美国大量海洋生物异常北迁。【你的笔记】A study has found that warmer waters
12、off North Americas West Coast caused many kinds of sea life to move farther north than ever before.The study was a project of scientists from the University of California, Davis. The scientists examined waters off the coast of Northern California in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The researchers say the
13、y recognized a local of 67 species（物种）between 2014 and 2016, during what was described as a “marine heatwave”. Marine heatwaves were explained in the study as “a period of extreme sea surface temperatures lasting for days to months”. The 20142016 heatwave is thought to be the largest ever recorded.
14、The warm water later moved southward toward California.The warmer waters were partly a product of El Nio conditions during the same period, researchers noted. El Nio develops when winds off the coast of South America weaken. This enables the warm water in the western Pacific to move eastward. El Nio
15、 often causes ocean temperatures in the area to rise between 2 to 4 degrees Celsius, the study found.The researchers reported that 37 of the 67 species they studied had never before been observed so far north as California. These creatures are native to an area hundreds of kilometers to the south, m
16、ainly around Baja California in Mexico. A few were even found north of California, off the state of Oregon. The northward travel of so many different sea creatures was considered “unprecedented” (史无前例的) by the researchers. Among the species found in the study were a meateating sea slug that hunts ot
17、her sea slugs, a sea snail “butterfly” and a purplelined jellyfish. Another unexpected visitor was the pelagic red crab, which researchers said had only been found in areas off the coast of Mexico.Scientists involved in the study believe the findings can provide valuable information for knowing futu
18、re sea life reactions to warming oceans.5. What is a marine heatwave according to the passage?A. An ocean with the rough surface.B. A wave with low temperatures.C. A period of warmer ocean surface water.D. A species living in extreme weather.6. What contributes to El Nio conditions?A. Warmer waters.
19、B. Weakened winds off South America.C. The colder sea surface.D. Species moving northward.7. Why does the author mention the meateating sea slug in paragraph 4?A. To point out that ocean environment becomes worse.B. To suggest that sea creatures need separate living space.C. To prove that many kinds
20、 of sea life can adapt to warmer waters.D. To evidence that ocean temperatures along California are higher than before.8. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The heatwaves disturb the life of many sea creatures.B. The increased temperature benefits many sea creatures.C. Sea life reactions can b
21、e valuable to predict future heatwaves.D. The heatwaves cause many unexpected visitors to move southward.【参考答案】5. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a period of extreme sea surface temperatures lasting for days to months”可知，海洋热浪是一个海洋表层水变暖的时期。6. B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“El Nio develops when winds off the coast of South America we
22、aken.”可知，南美洲减弱的风促使了厄尔尼诺现象的产生。7. D推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，67个物种中，有37个在加利福尼亚州北部从未被观察，这是因为加利福尼亚州沿岸的海洋温度比以前高。8. A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，海洋热浪导致美国大量海洋生物异常北迁，这是一种被迫性地迁移，因此可知，热浪扰乱了许多海洋生物的生活。【Passage 3】A new type of degradable plastic 一种新型易降解塑料 文章来源：同步练习题 体裁：说明文 词数：320 【文章导读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一个研究团队正在研究一种新型塑料，这种塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循环
23、利用。【你的笔记】Plastics remain one of the mostused materials for making many things. Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. An
24、d very few kinds are highly recyclable.A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.The researchers say the
25、 new material is a plastic polymer (聚合物) called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的) level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors. The researchers say this process can be repeated
26、 over and over againwithout the plastic material losing any performance or quality.“Most plastics were never made to be recycled，” lead researcher Peter Christensen said in a statement.“But we have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular per
27、spective. ”Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful. The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体), which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant. The research team reported that, with the newl
28、y discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.Next the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties. These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed ma
29、terials and foams. In addition, the team is trying to include plantbased materials in the process.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Plastics are widely used in our lives.B. Plastics are widely used in our lives.C. Plastics have both advantages and disadvantages.D. Plastics take hundreds
30、 of years to be broken down.2. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. The new material.B. The research team.C. The molecular level.D. The producing process.3. Why do many plastics have different chemicals added to them?A. To make them easy to break down.B. To make them easy to
31、 get processed.C. To make it possible for them to be recycled.D. To make them stronger and more widely used.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. PDK plastics will be soon put to good use.B. PDK plastics may have a promising prospect.C. The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics.D. P
32、lantbased materials have been used in the new plastics.【参考答案】 1. C段落大意题。根据第一段的“Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time.And very few kinds are highly recyclable.”可知，塑料结实耐用，更易成型；降解慢，且几乎不能循环利用。所以本段讲了塑料的优缺点。2. A代词指代题。根据前句“The team reports the material can be.molecular level.”和画线词
33、后面的“can then be built up again to form plastics.and colors”可知，it代指的是前文提到的新材料，从can be和can then be可以推出前后讲的是同一事物。3. D细节理解题。根据第五段的“Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful.”可知，加入其他化学物质的目的是让塑料更有用、更耐用。4. B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“These plastics could be used for many
34、 kinds of cloth.3D printed materials and foams.”可知，这种新型塑料在将来可以被用在很多领域，例如布料、3D打印和泡沫。【Passage 4】Suggestions on harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处的建议 文章来源：同步练习题 体裁：说明文 词数：263 【文章导读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了生活在城市里亲近大自然，与大自然和谐相处的几条建议。【你的笔记】Looking for a way to reconnect with nature but youre not sure how to when you li
35、ve in the city? Here are a few ways to live in harmony with nature and reduce your stress.Go on a wildlife walk36. _, so you can go to your city parks to get some valuable information. You can also enjoy the natural beauty in the city. A wildlife walk is one of the easiest ways to connect with natur
36、e because it helps you to realize that youre surrounded (围绕) by nature.37. _Nothing will make you feel as closely connected with earth as walking without shoes on grass for a couple of minutes. This very direct connection with nature will make you realize that youre part of the huge world, helping y
37、ou to relax and feel calmer.Attract nature yourselfOne of the best ways to connect with nature is to make it come to you. 38._. You can also fill some tubs with flowers to attract butterflies. Create a friendly place for nature and youre sure to attract all kinds of beings passing close to your home
38、.Create a small gardenPlants and flowers are part of nature as well and even the tiniest amount of space can be turned into a beautiful garden. If youve got a balcony (阳台), fill it with pots full of flowers. 39._. Imagine how satisfying it would be to share them with your friends and family.Use thes
39、e tips for connecting with nature and living a more comfortable lifestyle in a big city. 40._.A. Have a walk in a parkB. Put off your shoes and walk barefootC. You can grow your own vegetables on it as wellD. Theres lots of urban wildlife for you to discoverE. It helps you to experience nature from
40、a different viewpointF. Meantime, this is the best method for improving your healthG. You can put a bird feeder on your balcony or by your window【参考答案】36. D根据标题中的关键词wildlife和空后的“so you can go to your city parks to get some valuable information”及“A wildlife walk”可知，D项“有大量的都市野生生物等着你去发现”符合语境。37. B本段主要介
41、绍光脚在草地上走，且本段中的“walking without shoes on grass”与B项“Put off your shoes and walk barefoot”相照应。38. G根据空后的“You can also fill some tubs with flowers to attract butterflies.”可知，G项“你可以在阳台上或是窗户旁边放一个喂鸟器”符合语境。39. C空前说在阳台上种些花，所以接着说也可以种些蔬菜，空后的them指代vegetables。40. F最后一段介绍亲近自然的好处，与第一段最后一句相呼应。【Passage 5】Why tigers
42、are endangered 造成老虎濒危的原因 文章来源：同步练习题 体裁：说明文 词数： 【文章导读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要主要讲了老虎的濒危现状以及造成这种现状的原因。【你的笔记】It is a terrible time for the worlds tigers. There 1. (be) once a lot of these animals throughout eastern and southern Asia. 2. , wild tigers now only live in small areas of India, China, eastern Russia, an
43、d a few other countries.As people change forests into cities and farms, tigers have lost their living areas. Besides, the illegal (非法的)hunting of wild animals is another major threat (威胁)to 3. (they) survival. People sometimes hunt 4. (endanger) animals, like the tiger, to illegally sell their body
44、parts 5. medicine and even food. Some people even pay high prices 6. (buy) tiger bones or other animal parts in the black market.A lot of people think that tigers body parts can really be used to heal (治疗) people. For more than 3, 000 years, Chinese medicine has used those to treat 7. (sick). Follow
45、ers of this type of medicine believe that 8. (eat) the animals body parts will help people in treating diseases. It is believed 9. a key to protecting the worlds wild tigers is to put an end to the illegal hunting of them. To achieve that, more police should 10. (train) to catch hunters.【参考答案】1. wer
46、e考查主谓一致及时态。根据 once可知，此句描述的是过去的事实，用一般过去时。此处主语是a lot of these animals，谓语动词用复数形式。2. However 查连接副词。根据语境可知，前后两句存在逻辑上的转折关系。3. their 考查代词。此处表示“它们(老虎)的生存”，用形容词性物主代词。4. endangered 考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“濒临灭绝的”。5. for 考查介词。根据语境可知，人们非法捕猎野生动物的目的是用作药甚至食物，用for表示目的。6. to buy 考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。7. sickness 考查名词。此处意为治疗疾病，所以用sick的名词形式。8. eating 考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词作从句的主语。9. that 考查主语从句连接词。此处用that引导主语从句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。10. be trained 考查动词的语态。根据语境可知，police与train之间是被动关系，情态动词should后接动词原形。
