1、课时分层作业(十二).阅读理解ANever play games with a bot (robot)it will find a way to cheat if it can.A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hideandseek.The bots also learned how to use basic
2、tools to help win.Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the teambased dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的)environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and
3、 ladders, and left them to play team games of hideandseek.The bots each had their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directly.At first, the hiders simply ran away.But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to h
4、ide themselves from view.The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls.The bots then discovered that being a teamplayerpassing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideoutwas the quickest way to win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making
5、 use of problems or faults.Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above.Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says
6、 Baker.“Maybe theyll even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to.”However, it is a large leap(跳跃)from virtual hideandseek to real problemsolving.“The main limitation is that it is in simulation，”says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人
7、，这些机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。1Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research?ATo teach bots to play games.BTo train bots to use basic tools.CTo find if bots may cheat like humans.DTo see the potential of bots cooperation.D细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来
8、对人类有用的技能，故D项正确。2Whats the third paragraph mainly about?AThe tools of the research.BThe design of the research.CThe competitors of the game.DThe environment of the game.B段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏，且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。3What does the underlined word “It” in th
9、e last paragraph refer to?APassing objects.BMoving boxes around.CMaking use of faults.DHiding themselves from view.C代词指代题。根据第五段第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是机器人开始利用问题或失误，且第五段给出了相应的例子；结合最后一段第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。4What do
10、es Chelsea think of the finding of the research?AIt can bridge a gap in the AI research.BIt will not be influenced by the real world.CIt will definitely help the real problemsolving.DIt may not be realized out of the virtual world.D推理判断题。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in s
11、imulation”可知，Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。BWhen I began planning to move to Auckland to study, my mother was a little worried about the uncertainty of living in a place that was so different from India, where we lived.She worried particularly abou
12、t the lack of jobs, the cultural differences and the chance that I would face racism.Despite these worries，I came to New Zealand in July 2009.I have found the place and people very nice and supportive.Soon after I arrived, I realized the importance of getting a job to supply my living expenses.Deter
13、mined to do this on my own, I spent a whole day going from door to door asking for a job.However, I received little or no response.This became my routine every day after college for a few weeks.One afternoon, I walked into a building to ask if there were any job opportunities.People there were very
14、surprised, and advised me not to continue my job search in that manner.As I was about to leave, a clerk in the building, who had been listening to what the others had said, approached me and asked if I would wait outside.Fifteen minutes later, he returned.He asked me what my plans were and encourage
15、d me to stay confident.He then offered to take me to the Royal Oak area to search for a job.I was a little surprised, but had a good feeling about him, so I went along.Along the way, I realized that I had run out of copies of my resume(简历)The man stopped at his business partners office to make me 15
16、 extra copies.He also gave me tips on dressing and speaking, and added that I should give him a call if I ever needed anything.I handed out my resumes and went home feeling very satisfied.The following day, I received a call from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job.It seems that the world always
17、gives back to you when you need it.And this time, it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者在新西兰留学期间如何在好心人的帮助下找到第一份工作的故事。5What wasnt the authors mother worried about?APeople might look down on the author.BThe author couldnt speak the local language.CThe a
18、uthor wasnt familiar with local customs.DIt might be difficult for the author to find a job.B细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“She worried particularly about the lack of jobs，the cultural differences and the chance that I would face racism.”可知，作者的母亲在其去新西兰留学之前担心他找不到工作，不适应当地文化以及可能会受到种族歧视。文中并没有提到对其语言差异方面的担心，即B项正确。6Afte
19、r staying in New Zealand for a short time, the author Adecided to go back to his own countryBfelt the local people were not very friendlyChad to find a job to cover his living expensesDwanted to get a job that needed practical skillsC细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Soon after I arrived，I realized the importance of
20、 getting a job to supply my living expenses.”可知，到新西兰后不久，作者就发现要找份工作来补贴生活费的重要性了，即C项正确。7When the author went into a building to look for a job， Aa clerk gave him encouragement and adviceBhe was confident that he would find a good oneChe found many college students like him already thereDa clerk recomme
21、nded him to the company he worked forA细节理解题。根据第四段的倒数第二句“He asked me what my plans were and encouraged me to stay confident.”以及第五段的第四句“He also gave me tips on dressing and speaking”可知，作者去一栋写字楼里找工作时，一个好心的职员给了他一些鼓励和建议，即A项正确。8What is the story mainly about?AHow a stranger offered the author a job.BHow a
22、 stranger turned out to be a real blessing.CHow the author adapted himself to a new situation.DHow the author was helped to get a job by a stranger.D主旨大意题。根据最后一段的总结以及全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述的是作者在新西兰留学期间如何在好心人的帮助下找到第一份工作的故事，即D项正确。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。As a mountain, 1，642foot Squaw Peak i
23、snt particularly challenging.But its inviting views of western Massachusetts have tricked hikers to its steep (陡峭的) and slippery cliffs, resulting in countless injuries and even deaths.Henry Grant, a freshman at Ithaca College, was well aware of the danger of Squaw Peak.Thus he stayed ten feet from
24、the edge while waiting for his mother to catch up to him one day in August 2019, He watched 15 or so other hikers enjoy the scenery; one hiker, around 60 and dressed in pink, was admiring the view over the lip of the cliff with her husband.When Grants mother rejoined him, the two turned to continue
25、on their way.Suddenly, he heard a thump (撞击声), and another thump.Then he heard something frightening: “Paula! Paula！” a man yelled wildly.Grant turned around.The woman in pink was nowhere to be seen.Shed fallen off the side of the mountain.Several hikers immediately started looking for her, but thei
26、r view was blocked by trees.Grant told his mother, “I hate to say this, but theyre probably going to find a body.” Uncertain they could help, Grant and his mother headed down the trail.But when he saw hikers still searching, he decided to lend a hand.After assuring his mother that he would be safe,
27、he made his way down the mountain alone, hoping he wasnt too late.After 15 minutes of pushing past the brush and slipping down the trail, Grant spotted a figure about 25 feet above him.She was dressed in pink, in a kneeling position on a small rocky outcropping (突出处)The woman had fallen about 75 fee
28、t.Amazingly, she was alive.“Paula！” Grant shouted.“Paula! Is that you？” The woman barely responded.She was hurt and her mind was not so clear.Grant called 911 to report her location.He waited where he was for a bit, but she kept trying to move, and every time she moved, she slipped a little more.注意：
29、1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。Afraid that she might slip off, Grant crawled (爬)until he reached Paula. About 35 minutes later, first rescuers arrived. 【参考范文】Afraid that she might slip off, Grant crawled (爬)until he reached Paula.Paulas mind is still fogged and she instinctively wanted to run away when she
30、 sensed someone approaching because she didnt know if it was an animal or a person.Worried that she might fall, Grant continued to offer words of comfort until Paula recognized what he was saying and quieted down.Grant told her that he had called the police and that they needed to stay where they we
31、re and waited for help, and that he would be here with her the whole time.About 35 minutes later, first rescuers arrived.Grant heard footsteps and rescuers calling, and responded as loud as he could.Rescuers quickly found them.Rescuers took Paula to a car on a stretcher and took her to a hospital for emergency treatment.Luckily, Paula recovered after a while.Paulas husband went with her to thank Grant for saving his life.Grant felt that what the climb had taught him was how fragile and precious life is.
