1、高考资源网() 您身边的高考专家第二讲 重要的化学方程式【重要的化学方程式】(本讲对应学生用书第98页第100页)常考易错的化学方程式补全反应,注意写上反应条件1. 2Na+O2Na2O22. 2Na2O2+2H2O4NaOH+O23. 2Na2O2+2CO22Na2CO3+O24. 5. Na2CO3+CO2+H2O2NaHCO36. 3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2(g)7. Fe3O4+4CO3Fe+4CO28. 2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe9. 2Fe+3Cl22FeCl310. 3Fe+2O2Fe3O411. 4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O4Fe(OH)312. 2
2、Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O13. 2Ca(OH)2(消石灰)+2Cl2Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2+2H2O(工业制漂白粉)14. 15. 2F2+2H2O4HF+O216. S+FeFeS17. FeS+2HClFeCl2+H2S18. 2H2S+SO22H2O+3S19. 20. 2H2SO3+O22H2SO421. Cu+2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4+SO2+2H2O22. C+2H2SO4(浓)CO2+2SO2+2H2O23. H2S+CuSO4CuS+H2SO424. N2+3H22NH3(工业合成氨)25. 2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O26.
3、27. N2+O22NO28. SiO2+2NaOHNa2SiO3+H2O29. Si+4HFSiF4+2H230. SiO2+4HFSiF4+2H2O(雕刻玻璃)(工业制玻璃)32. 2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制硅)33. H2SiO3SiO2+H2O34. 2Mg+CO22MgO+C常考易错的离子方程式补全反应1. 2Na+2H2O2Na+2OH-+H22. 2OH-+CO2(少量)C+H2OOH-+CO2(过量)HC3. 2Na+C+H2O+CO22NaHCO3(饱和Na2CO3溶液中通入CO2)4. HC+OH- C+H2O 5. HC(少量)+Ca2+OH-CaCO3+H2O2HC
4、(过量)+Ca2+2OH-CaCO3+2H2O+C6. N+HC+2OH-(过量)NH3H2O+C+H2O7. 2Al+2OH-+2H2O2Al+3H28. Al2O3+6H+2Al3+3H2O9. Al2O3+2OH-2Al+H2O10. Al(OH)3+3H+Al3+3H2O11. Al(OH)3+OH- Al+2H2O12. Al3+3NH3H2OAl(OH)3+3N13. Al3+3OH-(少量) Al(OH)3Al3+4OH-(过量) Al+2H2O14. 2Al+CO2(少量)+3H2O2Al(OH)3+CAl+CO2(过量)+2H2OAl(OH)3+HC15. 3Al+Al3+6
5、H2O4Al(OH)316. Al3+3HC Al(OH)3+3CO2(泡沫灭火器工作原理)17. Al3+3H2OAl(OH)3(胶体)+3H+(明矾净水原理)18. 向明矾溶液中加入过量Ba(OH)2溶液:Al3+2S+2Ba2+4OH-Al+2H2O+2BaSO419. Fe+2H+Fe2+H220. FeO+2H+Fe2+H2O21. 3FeO+10H+N(稀)3Fe3+NO+5H2O22. 2Fe2+Cl22Fe3+2Cl-23. 2Fe2+H2O2+2H+2Fe3+2H2O24. 2Fe3+Fe3Fe2+25. 2Fe3+CuCu2+2Fe2+26. 4Fe2+O2+4H+4Fe3
6、+2H2O(FeSO4溶液在空气中变质)27. 2Fe3+H2SS+2Fe2+2H+28. Cl2+2I-2Cl-+I229. MnO2+4H+2Cl-(浓)Mn2+Cl2+2H2O30. Cl2+H2OH+Cl-+HClO31. Cl2+2OH-Cl-+ClO-+H2O(尾气处理)32. Cl2+SO2+2H2O4H+2Cl-+S33. 2Fe2+Cl22Fe3+2Cl-(FeBr2与少量Cl2)2Fe2+4Br-+3Cl22Fe3+2Br2+6Cl-(FeBr2与过量Cl2)2Fe2+2Br-+2Cl22Fe3+Br2+4Cl-(FeBr2 与等量Cl2)34. 2I-+Cl2I2+2Cl
7、-(FeI2与少量Cl2)2Fe2+4I-+3Cl22Fe3+2I2+6Cl-(FeI2与过量Cl2)35. I2+SO2+2H2O2I-+S+4H+36. Cu+4H+2N(浓)Cu2+2NO2+2H2O37. 3Cu+8H+2N(稀)3Cu2+2NO+4H2O38. Fe(少量)+4H+N(稀)Fe3+NO+2H2O3Fe(过量)+8H+2N(稀)3Fe2+2NO+4H2O39. Si+2H+H2SiO340. Si+CO2(少量)+H2OH2SiO3+CSi+2CO2(过量)+2H2OH2SiO3+2HC41. SO2(少量)+2NH3H2OS+2N+H2OSO2(过量)+NH3H2ON
8、+HS42. 2Mn+5SO2+2H2O2Mn2+5S+4H+(SO2使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色)43. Cu2+S+Ba2+2OH-Cu(OH)2+BaSO444. 2CH3COOH+CaCO3Ca2+2CH3COO-+H2O+CO245. 2AgCl+S2- Ag2S+2Cl-46. Ag+2NH3H2O(过量)Ag(NH3)2+2H2O47. C6H5O-+CO2(少量)+H2OC6H5OH+HC48. CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2+OH-CH3COO-+Cu2O+3H2O49. CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2+2OH-CH3COO-+N+2Ag+3NH3+H2O电解反应式或电化学方程
9、式1. 用惰性电极电解饱和食盐水阴极:2H2O+2e-H2+2OH-阳极:2Cl-2e-Cl2总反应:2Cl-+2H2O2OH-+Cl2+H22. 用铜作电极电解饱和食盐水阴极:2H2O+2e-H2+2OH-阳极:Cu-2e-Cu2+总反应:Cu+2H2OCu(OH)2+H23. 用惰性电极电解MgCl2溶液阴极:2H2O+Mg2+2e-H2+Mg(OH)2阳极:2Cl-2e-Cl2总反应:Mg2+2Cl-+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2+Cl24. 用惰性电极电解AlCl3溶液阴极:6H2O+6e-+2Al3+3H2+2Al(OH)3阳极:6Cl-6e-3Cl2总反应:2Al3+6Cl-+6H
10、2O2Al(OH)3+3H2+3Cl25. 用惰性电极电解K2S溶液阴极:2H2O+2e-H2+2OH-阳极:S2-2e-S总反应:S2-+2H2O2OH-+H2+S6. 用惰性电极电解CuSO4溶液阴极:2Cu2+4e-2Cu阳极:2H2O-4e-O2+4H+总反应:2Cu2+2H2O2Cu+O2+4H+7. 用惰性电极电解AgNO3溶液阴极:4Ag+4e-4Ag阳极:2H2O-4e-O2+4H+总反应:4Ag+2H2O4Ag+O2+4H+8. 电解熔融的NaCl制Na阴极:2Na+2e-2Na阳极:2Cl-2e-Cl2总反应:2NaCl(熔融)2Na+Cl29. 电解熔融的MgCl2制Mg
11、阴极:Mg2+2e-Mg阳极:2Cl-2e-Cl2总反应:MgCl2(熔融)Mg+Cl210. 电解熔融的Al2O3制铝阴极:4Al3+12e-4Al阳极:6O2-12e-3O2总反应:2Al2O3(熔融)4Al+3O211. 铅蓄电池:Pb-PbO2(硫酸)放电Pb极(-):Pb(s)+S(aq)-2e-PbSO4(s)(氧化反应)PbO2极(+):PbO2(s)+S(aq)+4H+(aq)+2e-PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)(还原反应)总反应:Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)充电Pb极(阴极):PbSO4(s)+2e-Pb(s)+S(a
12、q)(还原反应)PbO2极(阳极):PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-PbO2(s)+S(aq)+4H+(aq)(氧化反应)总反应:2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)12. 氢氧燃料电池负极正极13. 甲醇-氧气燃料电池(1)酸作介质负极:2CH3OH+2H2O-12e-2CO2+12H+正极:3O2+12e-+12H+6H2O总反应:2CH3OH+3O22CO2+4H2O(2)碱作介质负极:2CH3OH+16OH-12e-2C+12H2O正极:3O2+12e-+6H2O12OH-总反应:2CH3OH+4OH-+3O22C+6H2O(3)熔
13、融的金属氧化物作介质负极:2CH3OH+6O2-12e-2CO2+4H2O正极:3O2+12e-6O2-总反应:2CH3OH+3O22CO2+4H2O(4)熔融的碳酸盐作介质负极:2CH3OH+6C-12e-8CO2+4H2O正极:3O2+6CO2+12e-6C总反应:2CH3OH+3O22CO2+4H2O有机反应的化学方程式写出下列转化中的化学方程式(1)CH2CH2+H2CH3CH3(2)CH3CH3+Br2CH3CH2Br+HBr(3)nCH2CH2CH2CH2(4)CHCH+H2CH2CH2(5)CaC2+2H2OCa(OH)2+C2H2(6)C
14、HCH+HClCH2CHCl(7)CHCH+2Br2CHBr2CHBr2(8)n(9)+Br2+HBr(10)+HNO3+H2O(11)2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O(12)CH3CHO+H2CH3CH2OH(13)2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH(14)CH3CH2OH+CH3COOHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O(15)CH3CH2OH+HBrCH3CH2Br+H2O(16)CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH+NaBr(17)CH2CH2+H2OCH3CH2OH(18)CH3CH2OHCH2CH2+H2O(19)CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2CH2+NaBr+H2O(20)CH2CH2+HBrCH3CH2Br(21)CH2CH2+Br2(22) +2NaOH+2NaBr(23)+O2+2H2O(24)+O2(25)+2H2O(26)2+2H2O(27)n+(n-1)H2O(28)nHOCH2CH2OH+nHOOCCOOH 版权所有高考资源网诚招驻站老师,联系QQ2355394696