1、中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练讲解09 时态一、一般现在时用 法例 句表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态,常与always,often,sometimes,every day等频率副词或时间状语连用I often go to school at seven.我经常在七点钟去上学。We visit Uncle Liu every month.我们每月都去看望刘叔叔。表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言、谚语等The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.不到长城非好汉。用 法例 句在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,表示将要发生
2、的动作If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will leave.如果明天不下雨我将离开。go,come,leave,arrive等瞬间动词常用一般现在时表示计划、安排好的将要发生的动作The train for Beijing leaves at 5:30.开往北京的火车5:30离开。【考点练】()(2020武威中考)I want a mobile phone which _ good pictures.A.tookB.is takingC.takesD.take()(2020绥化中考)We cant leave here until our teacher _.A.wi
3、ll arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.has arrivedCB()(2019贵港中考)If the traffic _busy,Linda wont catch the train in one hour.I know.I will call her to leave for the train station at once.A.isB.will beC.wasD.has been A二、一般过去时1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday,last year,in 1976,a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。I m
4、et him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到他了。2.表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。通常与often,usually,seldom等表示频率的副词连用,但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。He often went to school by bus last term.上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。【考点练】()(2020江西中考)I dont know the words to a lot of songs,but I do know some folk songs that my grandma _me at an early age.A.te
5、achesB.taughtC.will teach D.has taught()(2020盐城中考)My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year.Yes,it _a wonderful trip.A.isB.was C.will beD.wereBB()(2020湘潭中考)Dr.Lis wife _about him very much when he worked in Wuhan in February,2020.A.worryB.worriesC.worried D.will worry C三、现在进行时用 法例 句表示现在(
6、说话瞬间)正在发生的动作,常见的时间状语有now,at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look,listen等,主句也用现在进行时They are watching TV now.他们现在正在看电视。Listen!The bird is singing in the tree.听!鸟儿正在树上唱歌。表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直进行的动作She is working in a factory.她正在一家工厂工作。用 法例 句表示位置移动的动词,如come,go,leave,arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作Im coming.我这就来。We are leav
7、ing tomorrow.我们将明天离开。现在进行时与always,all the time等副词或短语连用常表示某种强烈的感情Alice is always thinking of others.艾丽斯总是想着别人。【考点练】()(2020北京中考)Whats that noise,Sam?My little brother _with his toy car now.A.will playB.is playingC.playsD.played()(2020河北中考)It _dark.Shall I turn on the light?A.getsB.gotC.is gettingD.was
8、 gettingBC四、过去进行时构 成肯定句:S+was(were)+v.-ing+其他否定句:S+was(were)+not+v.-ing+其他一般疑问句:Was(Were)+S+v.-ing+其他用 法表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明)常用时间状语at 9:00 a.m.yesterday;at this time last night;from seven to nine;when,while引导的时间状语从句 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如:My
9、pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.在公园散步的时候,我的钢笔掉到地上了。表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,不考虑动作的先后顺序,主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时,连词常用while。例如:The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。【考点练】()(2020上海中考)Mike _the furniture into his new flat at this time y
10、esterday.A.would move B.was movingC.has movedD.had moved()(2020甘孜中考)I _a math problem with Joe when Mike called me up.A.have discussedB.discussedC.was discussingD.am discussingBC五、一般将来时1.一般将来时的构成(1)will+动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall+动词原形)(2)be(am,is,are)going to+动词原形2.一般将来时的用法(1)表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tom
11、orrow,soon,later,next time,in+一段时间等连用。例如:Ill start tomorrow.我明天动身。(2)“be going to+动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事,这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。例如:She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress.她买了一些布,准备为自己做一件连衣裙。【温馨提示】一般将来时的其他表达方式“be+doing”表示按计划安排好的事情,常与少量表示位置移动的动词,如go,come,start,move,lea
12、ve等连用Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我就要动身去北京了。在表示车、船、飞机等的进出时间时,可以用一般现在时表示将来My plane takes off at 6:30 am.我乘坐的飞机将在早上6:30起飞。【考点练】()(2020黄冈中考)I _ to Hainan on vacation with my parents this coming summer holiday.Thats great!A.goB.wentC.will goD.have gone()(2020贵港中考)Have you written your book report,B
13、ill?No,not yet.I _ it in two days.A.have finishedB.will finishC.finishedD.finishCB()(2019绥化中考)If you take a vacation this summer,so _I.A.willB.doC.amD.did A六、现在完成时1.表示说话之前已经完成了的动作,而且这个动作对现在仍有影响,常与already,yet,in the past few years等时间状语连用。I have seen the film already.我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现
14、在的动作或状态,常与by now,so far,since/for等时间状语连用。I have studied in the school since 2009.自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。3.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别。区 别例 句一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去发生的事情,强调过去,与具体的表示过去的时间连用Tom lived in Beijing two years ago.两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京)现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去,但是对现在有影响Tom has lived in Beijing for two years.汤姆住在北京两年了
15、。(现在汤姆还在北京)【考点练】()(2020天水中考)The Whites have _Hong Kong.Oh,really?I have never _there before.A.been to;goneB.gone to;beenC.been to;gone toD.gone to;been to()(2020牡丹江中考)The government _a new rule to stop young people playing video games for long.Nowadays many students spend less time online.A.will mak
16、eB.is makingC.has madeD.madeBC()(2020河北中考)Im so glad that I _ nearly half of the test now.A.finishB.finishedC.will finishD.have finished()(2020北京中考)We _each other since I came to Beijing,but we send emails very often.A.dont seeB.didnt seeC.wont seeD.havent seen DD七、过去完成时1.过去完成时的构成:主语+had+过去分词。2.过去完成
17、时的用法:(1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作(即“过去的过去”)。因此使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提,通常用by,before短语或when,before,after,until等引导的从句来表示。例如:After the sun had set,we decided to return home.太阳落山以后,我们决定回家。(2)用于宾语从句,从句表示在主句以前发生的动作。She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道是谁让门开着的。(3)现在完成时与过去完成时的区别。现在完成时与过去完成时的用法相同,只是作为衡量标准的
18、时间不同;现在完成时是以现在这个时刻作为衡量标准,而过去完成时是以过去某个时间作为衡量标准。He has travelled to most of the cities in China in the past five years.五年来他已经游遍了中国的大多数城市。When we got there,the football match had already started.当我们赶到那里时,足球比赛已经开始了。【考点练】()My parents_to work by the time I_up.A.began;getB.had begun;had gotC.had begun;gotD
19、.has begun;got()Tom was frustrated that most of the friends_ when he _at the party.A.left;had arrivedB.left;arrivedC.had left;had arrivedD.had left;arrivedCD()We _four thousand new words by the end of last year.A.had learnedB.have learnedC.learnedD.will have learnedA八、过去将来时1.过去将来时的构成。(1)would+动词原形。(
20、2)should+动词原形。(3)was/were+going to+动词原形。2.过去将来时的用法。用 法例 句表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态;这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中;常用的时间状语有two days later,the next week,the following day等Tom said he would come.汤姆说他要来的。Linda said she was going to see her aunt.琳达说她打算去看她的姑妈。Mr Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend
21、.格林先生告诉我们周末我们要办一个晚会。【温馨提示】在由if引导的条件状语从句中,主句是过去将来时,if从句只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如:They said that they would go fishing if it didnt rain the next day.他们说如果第二天不下雨,他们就去钓鱼。助记should,would加原形,“过去将来”就构成。过去将来不独立,经常用于“宾从句”。过去认为将发生,过去将来时态用。过去将来不单行,只可用于从句中。【考点练】()What did Yang Ying say?She said they _a school trip the next weekend.A.will haveB.hadC.would haveD.haveC
