1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 选修6 Module 4Interpersonal RelationshipsFriendship第二课时 Grammar&Everyday English&Reading Practice Module 4课内要点探究2单元课标语法3巩 固 提 升4课后强化作业5课前新知预习1课前新知预习.重点单词1押韵，韵(n.)_2过路人，行人(n.)_3间隔，空隙(n.)_4规定，管理，整顿(v.)_规定(n.)_5自愿的(adj.)_自愿做(v.)_6变小；减小(v.)_7空的，空缺的(adj.)_8柄，把手(n.)_melodypasserbyi
2、ntervalregulateregulationvoluntaryvolunteershrinkvacanthandle9有污迹的，有斑点的(adj.)_斑点，污迹(n.)_10活泼，快乐，生动(n.)_11(痛苦，忧虑等的)解除，减轻，调剂(n.)_解除，免除(v.)_12使放松，使轻松(v.)_13收藏，收藏品(n.)_收藏(v.)_14吸引，使陶醉(v.)_15活动领域(n.)_16告示牌，广告牌(n.)_spottedspotlivelinessreliefrelieverelaxcollectioncollectcharmscenebillboard17表示，表明(v.)_18 象
3、 征 的，作 为 象 征 的(adj.)_象 征(n.)_19尊敬，敬重(v.)_20遗产(n.)_signifysymbolicsymbolhonourheritage.重点短语1all _a sudden 突然间2dance_the music 伴着音乐跳舞3draw _ 利用，凭借，依赖oftoupon.语法感知根据语境完成句子，并指出句子所用的时态。1She was born in 1974 and _(play)the pipa since the age of six.2 She_(give)concerts since she was eleven,including a per
4、formance for the Queen of England during her visit to China.3In 1996,I moved to Canada with my husband and I _(live)there since then.4Since I moved to Canada,I_(have)opportunities to make contact with other musical traditions and play with master musicians.结论：句1,2,4用_；句3用_。答案：1.has played2.has given
5、3.have been living4have had 结论：现在完成时；现在完成进行时课内要点探究1.regulate v.(1)(用规则条例)约束，控制，管理(某事物)The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.信贷公司的业务受法律的制约。There are strict rules regulating the behaviors of the students in class.有严格的规定限制学生在课堂上的行为。(2)调节，控制(速度，压力，温度等)；使条理化This valve regulates the flow
6、 of water.这个阀门控制着水的流量。Its better for us to regulate our habits.对我们来说，使生活习惯规律化更好。单词积累regulation n.规章，章程，规则；管理，控制，调整safety/traffic regulations 安全/交通规则regulator n.自动调节器(ir)regular adj.(不)规则的/正常的即学即用完成句子(1)我们应该遵守学校的规章制度。We should_ _ _.(2)对我们来说，使生活习惯规律化更好。Its better for us to_ _ _.答案：(1)obey school regul
7、ations(2)regulate our habits2voluntary adj.自愿的Many social services are still provided by voluntary societies in our city.在我们的城市，许多社会服务仍然是由志愿团体提供的。Shes taken up with voluntary work at the moment.她目前大部分时间和精力都用在志愿工作上了。单词积累volunteer n.志愿者；v.(常与to连用)自愿去做，主动请求去做One volunteer is worth two pressed men.一人自愿干
8、，顶得上两个人被迫干。(谚)We all volunteered to paint the house.我们都自愿给这房子刷漆。即学即用完成句子(1)The work costs us nothing;its all done _ _(志愿者)(2)He _ _(自愿)help me move.答案：(1)by volunteers(2)volunteered to3vacant adj.空的，空缺的The seat next to him was vacant.他旁边的座位空着。There is a vacant place over there where we can park.那边有个
9、空位，我们可以在那儿停车。The position has been vacant for several months now.这个职位到现在已经空缺了好几个月了。即学即用完成句子因为这个职位一直空缺，许多人都想得到它。Because the post _ _ _，many people hope to go for it.答案：has been vacant4relief n.(痛苦，忧虑等的)解除；减轻，调剂；慰藉；救济For nighttime and early morning relief,take two tablets at bed time.睡前服两片，就会缓解夜间和清早的疼
10、痛。Relief was flown to the floodhit areas.救济物品被空运到洪水灾区。To our great relief,the accident caused little damage.事故造成很小的损失，这使我们大为欣慰。知识拓展(1)(much)to ones reliefto ones great relief使某人大为放心，使某人深感宽慰(2)relieve vt.使解除，使免除relieve sb.from anxiety 消除某人的忧虑即学即用完成句子(1)It is _ _ _(很宽慰)to learn that her son was safe i
11、n the earthquake.(2)The first important thing to do before the examination is to_ _ _ _(解除学生的忧虑)答案：(1)a great relief(2)relieve the students mind5relax(1)vt.使松弛/放松/松懈After working a long time,he relaxed the muscles.长时间工作之后，他松弛了一下肌肉。Some classes relaxed discipline.有些班纪律松懈。(2)vi.松弛，放松，松懈His face relaxe
12、d in smile.他的表情在一笑中放松了。Lets stop working and relax for an hour.我们停工休息一小时吧。Hes feeling relaxed now.他现在觉得轻松多了。单词积累relaxation n.松弛，放松，松懈，消遣，娱乐relaxing adj.(指气候)使人无精打采的，使人懒洋洋的relaxed adj.轻松的，不烦恼的，不紧张的即学即用完成句子(1)音乐会使你感到轻松。The music will help to _ _.(2)比尔度假回来看起来很轻松。Bill came back from his holiday_ _.答案：(1
13、)relax you(2)looking very relaxed6collection n.(1)U；C收集；收取How many collections of letters are there every day?每天收到多少封信？(2)C搜集品；收藏品He has a fine collection of paintings.他有一幅精美的绘画收藏品。(3)聚集在一起的东西；聚积物There is a collection of dust/rubbish in the yard.院子里有一堆灰尘/垃圾。单词积累collect v.收集，搜集，聚集，拿来collector n.收集者，收
14、藏者collective adj.群体的，共有的；整个社会的a collection of 一些/批收藏品collections ofmake/take a collection 捐献即学即用完成句子他的诗集吸引了很多人。_ _ _ _ has appealed to many people.答案：His collection of poems7scene n.(1)活动领域，界，坛，圈子A newcomer has appeared on the fashion scene.时装界出了位新人。(2)地点，现场Firefighters were on the scene immediately
15、.消防队员立刻赶到现场。(3)事件，场面She witnessed some moving scenes.她目睹过一些感人的场面。(4)(电影、戏剧等的)一场，片断，镜头This picture will appear on Act 1,Scene 2.这幅画面将出现在第一幕第二场。(5)景象，风景，风光They went abroad for a change of scene.他们出国换换环境。知识拓展behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后；秘密地，背地里not ones scene 非某人所熟悉的事物set the scene 为做好准备(或铺平道路)on the scene
16、 在现场即学即用选词(view/scenery/sight/scene)填空(1)I sat in the front of the bus to get a good _ of the countryside.(2)The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.(3)This painting represents a _of bumper harvest.(4)Sometimes they just drive slowly down the lane en
17、joying the _.答案：(1)view(2)sight(3)scene(4)scenery8honour(1)vt.尊敬，尊重；给予荣誉The president honoured us with a personal visit.总统亲临，使我们深感荣幸。We should honour our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。(2)n.光荣，荣幸；荣誉，面子They competed for the honour of their country.他们为祖国的荣誉而战。We show great honour to him.我们向他表达了崇高的敬意。知识拓展honour sb.s
18、how ones honour to sb.尊敬某人；向某人表示敬意have the honour of doing sth.有幸做某事in honour of.为纪念；为向表达敬意Its an honour(for sb.)to do sth.很荣幸做某事be/feel honoured to do sth.因做而感到荣幸an honour to 是的光荣，为增光的人即学即用完成句子(1)想不到您会同意和我们一起来，我们真是不胜荣幸。We_ _ _ _ you should agree to join us.(2)居里夫人将它命名为钋，以纪念她的祖国。Madame Curie named i
19、t polonium _ _ _her native country.答案：(1)are deeply honoured that(2)in honour of1.push ones way through 挤着从中前进push sth.through使通过，使得到批准The lost child cried and push her way through the crowd to look for her mother.这个迷路的孩子哭着穿过人群去寻找她的妈妈。The government is pushing the rules through.政府将要通过这些规则。知识拓展lose o
20、nes way 迷路feel ones way 摸索着前进make ones way 前往；(艰难地)行走pick ones way 小心翼翼地走Little Tom lost his way home and stood in the crowd crying.小汤姆找不到回家的路，站在人群中哭了。My sister had no experience in selling clothes and she had to feel her way.我妹妹没有卖服装方面的经验，她必须摸索着前进。Its too late.Ill make my way home now.天太晚了，我现在要回家了。
21、The road was so icy that I had to pick my way to school.路太滑了，我必须小心地走去上学。即学即用介词填空He suddenly saw Sue go_the street.He pushed his way _ the crowd of people to get to her.答案：across;through2all of a sudden 突然间All of a sudden the lights went out.灯突然灭了。All of a sudden there came a knock at the door.突然有人敲门
22、。辨析sudden与abrupt两者都含“突然的”意思。(1)sudden指“事先未料到、无准备而迅速发生的”，强调“事先未警告”，如：a sudden outburst of temper突然大发雷霆(2)abrupt 指“突然的”“出其不意的”“事先未告知的”，如：He took an abrupt departure.他突然离去了。即学即用单句改错All of sudden,she burst out crying._答案：of后加a3dance to the music 伴着音乐跳舞Some of them are dancing to the music.他们中有些人正伴着音乐跳舞。
23、知识拓展这儿to表示“适合，配合，按照”的意思，还用于以下短语：sing to the music配合音乐唱歌set words to music给音乐谱写歌词add salt to taste 按口味加盐adopt it to ones needs 适合某人的需要采纳它to ones knowledge 根据某人所知即学即用完成句子一听到有节奏的音乐，这个小孩就随之起舞。The little baby _ _ _ _ the moment she hears a piece of rhythmic music.答案：dances to the music4draw upon 利用，凭借，依赖
24、Ill have to draw on/upon my savings.我得动用我的存款了。The writer drew heavily upon her personal experience.这位作家在很大程度上是以她的亲身经历为素材。The company drew upon its vast resources to fund the project.公司凭借其大量的资源为这个项目提供资金。知识拓展draw a conclusion 引出结论draw ones attention(to)引起某人注意draw a picture 画图draw ahead 向前移动；超过draw awa
25、y 拉开，引开，离开；撤离，退缩draw back 移开，后退draw.from.(从中)得到，获得draw sb.into(doing)sth.使某人卷入某事，使参与某事draw sth.out 拖延，拉长某事draw up 拟订，制订，起草即学即用完成句子(1)我们这一项目自始至终都凭借她的经验。We _ _ her experience throughout the project.(2)我将替你草拟这事的计划。I will _ _a scheme of it for you.答案：(1)drew on/upon(2)draw up5miss the point 不得要领；不懂好处You
26、 completely missed the point of the film.你完全没有理解这部电影的含义所在。He missed the point of my joke.他没有听懂我讲的笑话。知识拓展to the point 中肯；恰当to the point of sth.达到某程度get a point 抓住关键on the point of doing sth.正要做某事时make a point of doing sth.认为做某事重要beside the point 离题的；不相干的come/get to the point 说正事at one point 曾经，当时即学即用
27、单句改错I like Mr.Miners speech;it was clear and on the point._答案：把on改为to1.In a recording studio,even when relayed by microphone,music loses some of its liveliness.在录音棚里，即使被麦克风传送，音乐也失去了些许生动。when relayed by microphone是时间状语从句when it is relayed by microphone的省略形式。当主从句主语一致或从句主语为代词it，且从句谓语有动词be的某种形式，从句的主语以及b
28、e可以同时省略。When(she was)very young,she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时就开始学习弹钢琴。Dont come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你你就不要进来。Whenever(it is)possible,you should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能你就应该来帮忙。You should stay where you are,unless(you are)asked to leave.你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。即学即用语法填空Will you go to Ma
29、rys birthday party?No.Even if_(invite),I cant go.Ill be too busy then.答案：invited2The moment they start to play,it is clear the members of Twelve Girls Band are among the most gifted musicians in the world.她们一开始表演就证明了“女子十二乐坊”的成员都是世界上最有天赋的音乐家。名词短语the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。The moment he reached the cou
30、ntry,he started his search.他一到达这个国家，就开始了他的探寻工作。知识拓展“一就”的表达方式有：(1)由 as soon as,immediately/instantly/directly,the moment/minute/second等引导的时间状语从句。(2)hardly.when,no sooner.than.句型，其中主句用过去完成时，when和than引导的从句用一般过去时。当hardly，no sooner置于句首时，主句需部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前。(3)at名词或on名词/v.ing形式。I will go there di
31、rectly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早饭，我会立即到那里去。He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一段旅程。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。即学即用完成句子(1)他一回到家，我就告诉他那件事了。_he came home，I told him about it.(2)我们刚开始就被叫停。_had we begun when we were told
32、 to stop.(3)他一到达机场，就被带到警察局。_arriving at the airport，he was taken to the police station.答案：(1)Immediately/The moment(2)Hardly(3)On单元课标语法二、现在完成进行时的基本用法1现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始，持续到现在并有可能持续下去；或者表示到目前为止的一段时间内时断时续、反复发生的动作。It has been raining since last Sunday.自上周日以来就一直在下雨。Hes been watching television all day.他
33、看了一天电视了。Youve been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了五年了。2现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。She is very tired.Shes been typing letters all day.她很累。她整天都在打信件。Her eyes are red.She has been crying.她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时是两种比较易混淆的时态。现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的
34、结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。那么现在完成时和现在完成进行时之间有什么区别呢？下面就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一个简单的比较。1现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果或影响，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后结果。We have been cleaning the house.我们一直在打扫屋子。We have cleaned the house.我们已经把屋子打扫过了。注意：句可译为“我们打扫屋子来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。句可以译为“我们把屋子打扫过了。”
35、其结果是：现在屋子很干净，可以用了。又句表示屋子刚刚打扫过，句则可能表示屋子是昨天打扫的。Be careful!John has been painting the door.小心！约翰刚刚把门油漆过。John has painted the door.约翰已经把门油漆过了。注意：句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以要小心。句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。2现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。英语中多数动词在这两种时态中表达不同的含义。They have been widening the road.他们在加宽马路。They have widened the road.他们
36、已经把马路加宽了。注意：句的意思是他们在加宽马路，可能尚未完工。句的意思则是已完工了。有少数动词(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性)。My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.我妈妈已经教英语教了20多年了。My mother has taught English for twenty years.我妈妈教了20多年的英语了。注意：句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。句则较为正式。又句表示动作现在仍在继续并将延续下去，句的动作是
37、否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。3现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。Have you been meeting her lately?最近你经常见到她吗？Have you met her lately?最近你见到过她吗？注意：句有“经常相会”之意，句则没有。句如与“often,every day”等时间状语连用，也表示动作在重复。4现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。I have waited for two hours.我等了两个小时。(陈述事实)
38、I have been waiting for two hours.我都等了两个小时了。(等得好辛苦)5状态动词、知觉动词如：see,feel,know等，不用于进行时态，通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。Ive known her for two days.(正)Ive been knowing her for two days.(误)我认识她两天了。Theyve been married for twenty years.他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。6现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要
39、用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。The house has been painted for a month.这房子已漆了一个月。The problem has been studied for five days.这个问题已研究了五天。高考直击(1)(2014湖 南 改 编)Since the time human started gardening,we _(try)to make our environment more beautiful.答案：having been trying本题考查时态。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知所填词表示“从过去一直持续到现在的动作”，强调其持续性，
40、应用现在完成进行时。(2)(2014江西改编)Tony,why are your eyes red?I_(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.答案：having been cutting本题考查的是现在完成进行时。句意：Tony，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。根据句意可知本句表示在过去的一段时间里一直都在做某事，所以使用现在完成进行时表示动作的持续性和反复性。即学即用语法填空(1)Weve spent too much money recently.Well,it isnt surprising.Our friends
41、 and relatives_(come)around all the time.答案：have been coming句意：最近我们花了太多的钱。不奇怪。我们的亲戚朋友总是来。表示在一段时间内动作的连续用现在完成进行时。(2)We_(work)on this project for four hours.Letshave a rest.答案：have been working句意：我们一直从事这一项目已经四个小时了。让我们休息一下吧。根据时间状语可知，我们一直在干，甚至继续下去，故用现在完成进行时。(3)Why，Jack，you look so tired!Well，I_(paint)the
42、 house and I must finish the work tomorrow.答案：have been painting句意：杰克，为什么你看起来这么疲惫！我一直在粉刷房子，而且我必须明天就要完成这项工作。本题考查时态。强调动作从过去某个时刻开始一直在进行要用现在完成进行时。(4)Ever since the Greens moved to country a year ago,they _(enjoy)better health.答案：have been enjoying时间状语ever since 决定此处要用现在完成时，句意又着重强调一直进行到现在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。(5
43、)The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _(play)in the mud all morning.答 案：has been playing“由 .is dirty”和“all morning”可知，小孩一直在玩。过去的动作一直延续到现在并且还在进行，所以应用现在完成进行时。(6)It seems that oil _(leak)from this pipe for some time.Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.答案：has been leaking
44、句意：看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。第二句表将来采取措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续，因此应用现在完成进行时。巩 固 提 升.用所给词的适当形式填空1It is the third time that you _(come)to our school.2So far Peter _(not ring)back.Shall we make a phone call to him again?3The Chinese _(make)paper for two thousand years.4You must be tired now s
45、ince you _(work)for five hours.5Since I won the prize,my phone has never stopped ringing.People _(phone)to ask how I will spend the money.6I _(know)him for years.7Has the train come yet?No.I _(wait)for ages.8I _(look)for my lost book for three days,but I still havent found it.答案：1.have come2.hasnt r
46、ung3.have been making4.have been working5.are phoning6.have known7.have been waiting 8.have been looking.完成句子1Im glad to see that you _(一直在进步)since I met you last year.2 Now she is a successful teacher in our school.She _(一直在教学)in our school in the past 20 years.3Jenny _(一直在写)on this essay for 20 mi
47、nutes,but she has written only about a hundred words.4We _(建设这座桥已进行了两年了)and it will be half a year before its completed.答案：1.have been making progress2.has been teaching3.has been working4.have been building the bridge for two years.单项填空1There is a party tonight _ our new president,and I am _ to be
48、invited.Ain honour of;in honourBin honour of;honouredCin place of;honouredDin favour of;in honour答案：B句意：今晚有一个欢迎我们新董事长的聚会，我很荣幸地接到了邀请。in honour of向表示敬意；be honoured to do很荣幸做；in place of代替；in favour of支持。2You should _ your own knowledge to solve these problems.Adraw out Bdraw inCdraw on Ddraw up答案：C句意：
49、你应该利用自己的知识来解决这些问题。draw on/upon利用；draw out(天黑得)渐晚；draw in(天黑得)渐早；draw up 起草，制订。3The number of students in this school has _ from 500 to 350.Avaried BincreasedCbecome Dshrunk答案：D句意：这个学校的学生从500人减至350人。A项意为“变化”，B项意为“增加”，C项意为“变成”，D项意为“减少”。4_ I went to Jiuzhaigou,I was deeply impressed by the fantastic sc
50、enery.AFor the first timeBAt firstCIt was the first timeDThe first time答案：D考查状语从句。句意：我第一次去九寨沟，那里迷人的风景给我留下了很深刻的印象。The first time后可跟从句，作状语。For the first time第一次，在句中作状语；At first 首先，表示次序。5The old man is sitting under the tree,_，_ the radio.Arelaxed;listeningBrelaxed;listening toCrelaxing;listeningDrelax
51、ing;listening to答案：Brelaxed放松的，轻松的；relaxing(气候)使人懒洋洋的，listening to,ving形式作伴随状语。6In order to find the missing child,villagers _ all they can over the past five hours.A.did B.do C.had done D.have been doing答案：D本题考查动词的时态。句意：为了找到那个失踪的孩子，村民们在过去的五个小时里一直在做他们力所能及的事。解答本题的关键词over the past five hours意为“在过去的五个小时里”，常与现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态连用，故选D项。课后强化作业（点此链接）
