1、第四学时Grammar过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词前面，作前置定语。过去分词短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：1spoken English(英语口语)；iced beer(冰冻啤酒)；cooked food(熟食)；fried chips(炸土豆条)。2The tall man is a returned student.高个子的那个人是归国留学生。The excited people(the people who we
2、re excited)rushed into the building.激动的人们冲进大楼。3Is there anything planned(that has been planned)for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？4The meeting，attended by a lot of people，was a success.这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。When we heard
3、of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused(愉快的)broken(碎了的)closed(关闭的)astonished(吃惊的)crowded(拥挤的)experienced(有经验的)delighted(高兴的)lost(丢失的)gone(遗失的)disappointed(失望的)worried(担忧的)interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)satisfied(满意的)
4、surprised(吃惊的)married(已婚的)known(著名的)作表语的ed形式可被much，very，quite等所修饰。I was very pleased at the news.听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work.他十分厌倦这工作。三、过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼有。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。过去
5、分词作宾语补足语的基本句型：“主语谓语宾语宾语补足语”。在这一结构中，动词ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态，原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2The girl was found beaten black and blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)(1)动词ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括see，hear，watch，notice，feel，find，think，suppose，consider等。We tho
6、ught the game lost.我们认为球赛输了。I have never heard the song sung before.我以前从未听人唱过这首歌。She felt a great weight taken off her mind.她觉得如释重负。They considered the matter settled.他们认为这问题解决了。(2)过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括make，get，have，keep，leave，hold等。I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make hi
7、mself understood.他正努力让自己所说的话能被别人听懂。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手捧着脸。(3)过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want，wish，expect，order等。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with宾语
8、宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在后面。With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。一、用所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。1Look!Somebody（clean）the sofa.Well,it wasnt me
9、.I didnt do it.2Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company(明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司)，_(know)as 3M.1.Has cleaned 2.known3From the dates _(mark)on the gold coin，we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.4Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get
10、 parents _.(worry)3.marked 4.worried5With_(fall)leaves_(bury)in the earth every year，the soil becomes richer and richer.6She was glad to see her child well _(take)care of.5.fallen,buried 6.taken二、用恰当的非谓语动词填空1John Snow told the story about the_(astonish)people in Broad Street.2Some of the people _(in
11、vite)to the party couldnt come.3There is a car _(park)outside the house.4The experience _(gain)will be of great value to us.1astonished2.invited3.parked4.gained5These seats are _(reserve)for you.6The library is _(close)on weekends.7Dont drink the _(pollute)water.8The _ mother looked at her_ son，look
12、ing _.(worry)5.reserved6.closed7.polluted8.worried，worrying，worried三、翻译下列句子1什么使他们这样害怕？_2我不希望这个不切实际的计划得以实施。_3我们发现她变了很多。_4听了这想法他似乎很难过。_1What made them so afraid?2I wont like this impractical plan to be carried out.3We found her changed a lot.4He seemed quite upset at the idea.四、语法填空阅读下面积文，按照句子结构的语法性和上
13、下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Typing the word“pizza”into your favorite search engine may seem harmless enough.But_1_you may not know is that with this simple act youre sending information to possibly hundreds of machines_2_(locate)possibly thousands of miles from where you sit.Each machine tha
14、t search meets on its journey uses energy.Because there are many people_3_(search)at the same time all over the world that energy can really add up.Few people have_4_day without computers.Most of the computers that people use are connected_5_the Internet.And its easy to type,click and search_6_(get)
15、answers to even the silliest question.We enjoy this luxury so much that we can forget each search does in fact use energy.And that energy gives out the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.“Every time you type something into Google，_7_uses several machines to find those answers for you_8_display them on yo
16、ur page.All of that requires power，”says Sudhanva Gurumurthi,a computer science professor.Computers and electronics account for about 9 percent of home electricity use，_9_is a lot less than what the big users,especially heat and air conditioning,take up.But using your computer to search the Web has
17、effects that reach_10_(far)than your own home.1解析：考查主语从句。what引导主语从句，并在从句中作know的宾语，本句意为“你也许不知道的是”。答案：what2解析：考查过去分词。machines和locate是被动关系，故此处用过去分词短语修饰machines。答案：located3解析：考查现在分词。people和search是主动关系，故此处用现在分词短语作后置定语修饰people。答案：searching4解析：考查冠词。此处用不定冠词a泛指“一天”。答案：a5解析：考查介词。be connected to sth.意为“与某物连接”。
18、答案：to6解析：考查不定式。此处用不定式作目的状语。答案：to get7解析：考查代词。此处用it指代Google。答案：it8解析：考查连词。find those answers for you和display them on your page是并列关系。答案：and9解析：考查定语从句。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面的about 9 percent of home electricity use，which在从句中作主语。答案：which10解析：考查副词比较级。根据后面的than your own home可知，此处要用比较级farther或further。答案：further
