1、Section I Warmup The Spirit of Explorers新课导学自主探究板块语言点一单词集释板块语言点二短语荟萃板块语言点三句型解构板块语法讲座课时跟踪检测Unit 7 The SeaStep2Step3Step4识记.掌握理解.拓展应用.落实识记.掌握理解.拓展应用.落实识记.掌握理解.拓展应用.落实知识必备专题练习Step1返回返回返回1Did you ever find some marks on your skin after swimming?2Why are the seas salty?And will they get saltier?Please re
2、ad the following passage to get the answer.返回返回 Have you ever noticed that,in the summer,when your sweat dries it will leave marks on your Tshirt?The marks are tiny bits of salt.If you go to the seaside,you will know that seawater does the same to your clothes,because it also has a lot of salt in it
3、.Water evaporates(蒸发)from the surface of the sea but the salt remains.Have you ever thought about whether the seas will keep getting saltier?The answer is no.The oceans have stayed at about 3.5 per cent salt content for hundreds of millions of years.It maintains a constant level of salt in different
4、 ways.返回 Pick up a clamshell(蛤壳)and weigh it in your hand.It is heavy.All creatures need sodium(钠)to live and most need calcium to build bones and shells.The clam,like all sea creatures,gets its sodium and calcium from seawater.When creatures die,their salt is locked up in bones and shells,which dro
5、p to the bottom of the sea.Reactions between seawater and rocks are not just one way.Sea salt not only dissolves(溶解)from rocks;it also reacts with the rocks of the ocean crust(地壳)and volcanic lava(熔岩).The reactions take some of the salts in seawater away from the sea.返回 The outer hard crust of Earth
6、 is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift(漂流)on extremely hot,soft rock like floating islands on a sea.The heat within Earth is not the same everywhere and the plates move due to the heat.When an ocean plate bumps into a land plate,the less dense land plate floats over the ocean one.The oc
7、ean floor gets pushed under,and its salty rocks,along with shells and bones,are lost deep within Earth.So,thats why the seas are salty but dont get any saltier.返回返回ADo you know about how many navigators(航海家)?Please write down their names.Zheng He,Magellan(麦哲伦),Vasco da Gama(达伽马),Bartholomeu Dias(迪亚斯
8、),James Cook(库克船长),Christopher Columbus(哥伦布)返回BMatch the following navigators with their main sailing experiences.返回asailed directly from Europe to Indiabled seven expeditions to what the Chinese called“the Western Ocean”(Indian Ocean)cled to general European awareness of the American continentsdsai
9、led around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488答案：(1)(4)cbad返回True(T)or False(F)(1)Columbus reached America earlier than the Vikings.()(2)The ancestors of the Vikings were from Scandinavia.()(3)Eric the Red decided to set sail further west in 900 AD.()(4)Eric the Red left Iceland because he had co
10、mmitted a murder.()FTFT返回(5)All of Erics twentyfive ships reached Greenland successfully.()(6)Leif chose different directions from Biarnis and sailed to Canada.()FF返回Scan the text and choose the best answers.(1)Its said that Eric the Red got into trouble _.Awhen he left Greenland Bwhen he reached Gr
11、eenland Cwhen he committed a murder Dwhen he returned to Iceland返回(2)After Eric the Red discovered Greenland，_.Apeople started to live on that island Bhe thought people couldnt live on it Csome people went back with him to Greenland Dhe set sail further west(3)Who does“he”in line 23 refer to?AEric t
12、he Red.BBiarni.CBiarnis father.DErics father.返回(4)Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?ABiarni sailed to Newfoundland with Leif.BNewfoundland lies north to Canada.CNo people lived in Newfoundland when Leif discovered it.DBiarnis directions were of great use to Leif.返回(5)What does the pas
13、sage mainly talk about?AHow the Vikings discovered America.BThe life of Vikings in Scandinavia.CEric the Reds life story.DOld stories about the Vikings.答案：(1)C(2)C(3)B(4)D(5)A返回返回返回返回A词汇拓展1n探险家vt.探险2adj.不知道的，未知的adj.出名的，已知的3adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的n惊吓；恐怖vt.使惊吓；使惊恐adj.惊吓的；受惊的；害怕的explorerexploreunknownknownfright
14、eningfrightfrightenfrightened返回4n水手；海员vi.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行5vt.说服；劝服n说服；劝说 adj.有说服力的6vi.道歉n道歉B根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词7：an inner part of someone that includes their thoughts and feelings8:a long journey involving travel by sea or in space9：a person,typically one more remote than a grandparent,from whom one is
15、descendedsailorsailpersuadepersuasionpersuasiveapologiseapologyspiritvoyageancestor返回10:beyond the point already reached or the distance already covered11:a thing that somebody does that is usually very good or very bad12:an act of travelling from one place to another13：an educational talk to an aud
16、ience,especially students in a university14：at the end of a period of time or a series of eventsfurtherdeedjourneylectureeventually返回1.frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的(一)背诵佳句培养语感(鲜活例句)The earthquake that hit Japan on March 11,2011 was really frightening,causing more than 10,000 deaths.2011年3月11号袭击日本的地震真的很可
17、怕，造成了1万多人死亡。返回(鲜活例句)Travelling in an airplane can be a frightening experience for some people.乘飞机旅行对有些人来说可能会是一次骇人的经历。(二)归纳拓展全析考点frightened adj.惊吓的，受惊的，害怕的be frightened of 害怕be frightened to do.害怕做be frightened that 害怕返回Dont be frightened of making mistakes when you speak English.说英语时别害怕犯错误。He was to
18、 move.他太害怕了以至于一动不动。too frightened返回(三)明辨易混失误防范比较 frightened,frighteningfrightened意为“受惊的，惊吓的，害怕的”，当主语为人或作定语修饰人或与人有关的名词时使用frightenedfrightening意为“令人惊恐的，骇人的”，当主语为物或修饰物时用frightening返回用frightened或frightening填空He was to death when he saw the scene.当他看到这令人惊恐的一幕时他吓得要死。frightenedfrighteningfright n 恐怖，惊吓frig
19、hten vt.使惊吓，使恐怖返回2.voyage n航海；航空；航程；航行(一)背诵佳句培养语感(鲜活例句)Chinas first aircraft carrier Varyag set out on its maiden voyage on August 10,2011.中国第一艘航空母舰瓦良格号于2011年8月10日开始了它的处女航。(鲜活例句)They planned a voyage for crossing the Pacific Ocean.他们计划做穿越太平洋的航行。返回voyage 主要指海上的旅行，有时也用于太空的旅行travel常指长距离旅行或国外旅行(可数或不可数名词
20、)并往往暗示会回到原出发地返回journey常指远距离的陆地旅行(可数名词)trip指从一个地方到另一个地方所花的时间和所走的路程，常为短途旅行tour着重指路线比较曲折，最后回到原出发点的旅行，常表示(周游各地的)参观、访问、(巡回)旅游、视察、购物、演出等。可作动词和名词返回用voyage,travel,journey,trip或tour填空Well make a to Beijing by train.My father has gone downtown on a shopping.We had eight days by car.Tom will take a weekend to
21、the seaside.Can you go on a to Australia in a small boat?journeytourtraveltripvoyage返回3.further (教材原句)In 982 AD,when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west,there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.公元982年，冰岛生活着多达10 000的北欧海盗，就在此时，一个叫埃里克雷德的人决定向西远航。(1)adv.(时间、距离)更远，较远；(
22、程度)进一步，进一层We had walked further than I had realized.在不知不觉中我们已走得很远。返回We must go further into the question.我们必须进一步研究这个问题。点津far farther farthest多指具体的距离“较远”、“最远”；far further furthest多指程度上“进一步”、“最深”等抽象意义。(2)adj.较远的；更进一步的For call this number.欲知详情，请拨打这个电话号码。further details返回(3)vt.促进，增进She took the new job
23、to further her career.她接受了这项新工作以进一步发展她的事业。4.persuade (教材原句)He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他说服一些人与他一起回到格陵兰岛。返回(1)vt.说服，劝服persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事I have persuaded him to give up smoking.我已说服了他戒烟。We her taking the job.我们说服她接受这份
24、工作。She persuaded her father out of drinking.她劝服了父亲戒酒。persuadedinto返回(2)vt.使信服，使相信persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事persuade sb.that.使某人相信I persuaded him of its truth and he accepted it silently.我使他相信这是真的，他默默地接受了。返回比较 persuade,advisepersuade指劝说对方并且使对方接受，强调结果“说服了”advise表示劝说对方却未必使对方接受，强调动作“劝说”用persuade或advise填
25、空I my father to stop working,but I couldnt him.我劝说父亲不要工作，但未能说服他。advisedpersuade返回5.apologise(apologize)vi.道歉(一)背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)Mr Johnson apologised for the mistake.约翰逊先生因为这个错误而道歉。(鲜活例句)I dont know why I should apologise.I didnt do anything wrong.我不知道我为什么要道歉，我可没做错什么。返回(二)归纳拓展全析考点apologise to sb.for(do
26、ing)sth.因(做了)某事向某人道歉apology n.道歉offer/make an apology to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而向某人道歉accept an apology 接受道歉返回Japanese government apologised to the Japanese people for the nuclear radiation leaks.日本政府因核泄漏向日本人民道歉。Harry his teacher coming to school late.哈利为上学迟到而向老师认错。We should our teacher for being l
27、ate.我们应该因迟到向老师道歉。apologised toformake an apology to返回点 此 进 入点 此 进 入返回返回1sail 启航2according 根据，依照3get trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境4make it 到达5in search 寻找，寻求6be known 作为而出名；被称为，被叫作7succeed doing sth.成功地做某事8be the control of 在的控制之下settointotoofasinunder返回1.set sail启航(一)背诵佳句培养语感(鲜活例句)We set sail at dawn and headed
28、 for New York.我们在黎明启程，直驶纽约。(鲜活例句)The light faded as we set sail from the harbour.当我们从海港启航时，天色逐渐变黑。返回(二)归纳拓展全析考点set about开始做(某事)set aside 把放置一旁，不理会set out 动身，出发；着手，开始We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决方法。Du Li set out the world record.杜丽一心努力要打破世界纪录。点津set about表示“开始做某事”时，后跟动名词作宾语；set o
29、ut表示“着手/开始做某事”时后跟不定式作宾语。to break返回2.according to根据，依照(教材原句)According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway,Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder,for which he got into trouble.根据冰岛和挪威古老的传说，埃里克雷德因犯了谋杀罪而惹上麻烦，被迫离开冰岛。According to these figures,our company is doing
30、well.从这些数字来看，我们的公司经营得不错。The work was done her instructions.这项工作是依照她的指示办的。according to返回According to me,the film is wonderful.()应该为：In my view,the film is wonderful.()依我看，这部电影很精彩。点津according to后不能接view，opinion等词充当宾语。according to 是指按照他人的意见或其他事物，因此不能说according to me。返回3.get into trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境(一)背诵佳
31、句培养语感(鲜活例句)He is always getting into trouble when he is out.他出门时总会碰到麻烦。(鲜活例句)He got into trouble when he got to America.到美国时，他碰到了麻烦。返回(二)归纳拓展全析考点ask for/look for trouble自寻烦恼；自找麻烦get(sb.)out of trouble (使某人)摆脱困境have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难in/out of trouble 处于困境中/摆脱困境返回No one can help you out of t
32、rouble.没有人能帮你摆脱困境。Dont until trouble troubles you.麻烦不找你，别自找麻烦。We have some trouble(in)writing the article.我们写文章有些困难。ask/look for trouble返回4.make it to 到达(一)背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships,of which only 14 make it to Greenland.埃里克再次启航，这次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达格陵兰岛。(鲜活例句)
33、Can you make it to Lilys birthday party tomorrow?你明天可以去莉莉的生日派对吗？返回(鲜活例句)We live in a world where only the strongest can make it to the top.我们生活在一个只有最坚强的人才能到达顶峰的世界。(鲜活例句)Brazil and Argentina had been the most likely to make it to the finals,but they both stopped at the quarterfinals.巴西队和阿根廷队曾经最有可能晋级决
34、赛，但两支球队都在四分之一决赛中铩羽而归。返回(二)归纳拓展全析考点make it获得成功，约定时间make up 化妆，编造，组成make out 理解，明白Deng Yaping was once told she had no talent in table tennis and would never make it as a table tennis player.邓亚萍曾被告知没有打乒乓球的天赋，做一名乒乓球运动员永远也无法获得成功。Three doctors and five nurses the medical team.三名医生和五名护士组成了这个医疗队。made up返回5
35、.in search of 寻找，寻求(一)背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland,a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Erics party.埃里克雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人也从冰岛启航来寻找埃里克一伙人。返回(鲜活例句)One of the greatest joys known to man is to take a flight into ignorance in search of knowledge.人类
36、认识到的最大乐趣之一是置身于愚昧之境去寻求知识。(鲜活例句)We drove around the town in search of a good hotel.我们开车在城里转，想找一个好旅馆。返回(二)归纳拓展全析考点in ones/the search for 寻找，寻求(in search of)search sb./sp.搜查某人/某地方search for 搜寻，寻找(某个特定的目标)search.for.(在某地或某人身上)搜寻(某东西)返回They are in the search for their relatives lost in the earthquake.他们正在
37、寻找在地震中失踪的亲人。点津search 前常有the或ones，其后介词常用for；但in search of结构中search前不带任何限定词。She all the shops a Mothers Day present.为了买一件母亲节的礼物，她找遍了所有的店铺。searchedfor返回(语境串记)The Customs were searching for drugs when I came through the airport.They searched everybodys luggage for them,and they searched the man in front
38、 of me from head to foot.我经过机场时，海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李，并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。返回6.be known as 作为而出名，被认为是(一)背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as Newfoundland.然后他继续南行至现在叫做纽芬兰的岛屿。(鲜活例句)These chocolate bars are known as something else in the US,but I cant remember what
39、.这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法，但我记不起来叫什么了。返回(二)归纳拓展全析考点be known to为所知be known for 因而众所周知He is known to the police because of his previous criminal record.他因以前的犯罪记录而为警察所知。The Great Wall its long history and its magnificence.长城以其悠久的历史和其雄壮伟丽而出名。is known for返回点 此 进 入点 此 进 入返回返回1句型展示They achieved this long before Colum
40、bus ever set sail.早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。典例背诵The invention had been widely studied long before it was put into use.这项发明在投入使用前进行了广泛研究。返回2句型展示Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course and found himself inan unknown land,from where he eventually reached Greenland.
41、比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但飓风使他偏离航线，刮到一个不知名的地方。从那里他最终抵达了格陵兰岛。典例背诵He found himself lost in the forest,anxious and frightened.他发现自己在森林里迷了路，又不安又害怕。返回1They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。(1)long before“早在以前，在之前很早”，后面跟表示时间概念的词语或句子，多用于过去时或过去完成时中。She had seen the film long be
42、fore she came to work here.她在来这儿工作之前很早就看过这部电影了。返回(2)long before还可以单独使用，意为“很久以前”。They left their hometown.他们很久以前离开了家乡。比较 long before,before longlong beforelong before作“很久以前”讲时，相当于long long ago，常用于过去时或过去完成时中before long意为“不久之后”，相当于soon。常用于将来时(不久将要怎么样)，也可以用于过去时(讲述过去某个时间点之后怎么样)返回用long before或before long填
43、空he stayed in Germany for half a year and he will go to Germany again.很久以前他在德国住了半年，不久他将再次去德国。点津long before的意思是“很久以前”；before long“不久以后”。记忆方法：long在前“很久以前”；long在后“不久以后”。Long beforebefore long返回2Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course and found himself in anunk
44、nown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但飓风使他偏离航线，刮到一个不知名的地方。从那里他最终抵达了格陵兰岛。返回句中found himself in an unknown land为find的复合结构，其基本用法如下：We all found Qingdao very beautiful the first time we went there.(形容词)我们第一次去青岛的时候，都觉得青岛很美。返回I find the book hard to understand because it c
45、ontains too many new words.(形容词不定式)我发现这本书很难理解，因为里面有太多的生词。She found an ID on the ground on the way home.(现在分词)在回家的路上，她发现地上有一个身份证。We found a whale washed up to the shore.(过去分词)我们发现一头鲸被冲到了岸上。When he woke up he found himself.(介词短语)他醒来时发现自己在医院里。lyingin hospital返回点 此 进 入点 此 进 入返回返回一、when,where,why 引导的定语从句
46、1when引导的定语从句先行词是指时间的名词，如：time,day,year,month,moment,week,hour,minute等，when在从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when we met for the first time.我仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天。返回It was an exciting moment for the Spanish fans,when for the first time their team won the World Cup.对于西班牙球迷来说，那是一个激动人心的时刻，因为在那一刻，他们的球队第一次赢得了世
47、界杯。返回2where引导的定语从句先行词是指地点的名词，如：place,factory,farm,station,town,meetingroom等，where在从句中作地点状语。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是town)返回Some preschool children go to a daycare center,where they learn simple games
48、 and songs.有些学龄前儿童去上日托，在那儿他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。(先行词是daycare center)点津当先行词表示抽象的地点或带有地点的意味且在从句中充当类似于地点状语的作用时，定语从句用where引导。返回Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.生命就像一场长跑比赛，其间我们互相竞争，超越自我。(先行词是race)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sigh
49、t matters more than hearing.那些成功的盲人舞蹈演员认为，舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更重要的活动。(先行词是activity)返回3why引导的定语从句先行词常为reason，why在定语从句中作原因状语。We didnt know the reason why he refused our help.我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。Theres no reason why we shouldnt be so rude.我们不该那么无礼，这没有理由。返回考题印证111(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is avai
50、lable with greater ease than ever before.AwhyBwhen Cto whom Don which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。答案：B 返回12(2011安徽高考)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile解析：考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西
51、，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“where it will keep for two or three weeks”是定语从句，关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语。答案：C返回二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。This is the hero of whom we are proud.这是我们引以为豪的英雄。(whom不能省略，不能用who代替)This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.这是我用来写信的
52、那支钢笔。(which不能省略，也不能用that代替)返回2当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往可以省略。This is the pen(that/which)I wrote the letter with.这是我用来写信的那支钢笔。This is the hero(that/who/whom)we are proud of.这是我们引以为豪的英雄。返回3“复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句与先行词常用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house,i
53、n front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵高大的树。返回4关系代词前面的介词使用情况：(1)根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.我永远也不会忘记我第一次遇到他的那一天。(表示具体的某一天时，用介词on)She wanted to find the way in which she could make everyone live more happily她想找到一种能让每个人生活得更幸福的方法。(介词in与way搭配，表示“用办法，以方
54、式”)返回(2)根据定语从句后面的动词和介词的搭配关系选择。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of my aunts.你刚才跟他说话的那个人是我姑姑的一个亲戚。(speak to意为“对说话”)The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.让他们感到自豪的两样东西是吉姆的金表和黛拉的头发。(be/feel proud of为固定短语，意为“为感到自豪”)返回(3)有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。Th
55、e clever boy made a hole in the wall,through which he could see what was happening inside the house.那个聪明的男孩在墙上凿了个洞，通过那个洞可以看到屋内正在发生的一切。返回5像listen to,look after,look at,look for,look into,get in,take care of,take for,take off,be used to(习惯于),make use of,take part in,depend on,pay attention to等固定短语动词，在
56、定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of.这就是她照顾的那个男孩子。返回考题印证221(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin them Cof whom Dof them解析：考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属关系，应用of。故选C。答案：C返回22(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gr
57、adual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin what Cwhich Din which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中最细小的细节也应该考虑在内。_ even the smallest details of life should be considered是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整，所以选关系副词；先行词是process，表抽象地点，所以选in which，相当于where。答案：D返回三、“介词关系代词”结构与关系副词的转换通
58、常“介词关系代词”结构可以与相对应的关系副词相互转换，表示地点的where相当于in/at which；表示时间的when相当于in/at/on which；表示原因的why相当于for which。This is the house where(in which)his grandfather once lived.返回这就是他的祖父曾经住过的房子。Do you remember the day when(on which)you joined our club?你记得你加入我们俱乐部的那天吗？That is the reason why(for which)he must apologise.这就是他必须道歉的原因。返回点 此 进 入点 此 进 入返回点 此 进 入点 此 进 入
