1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 必修4 A Trip Along the Three GorgesModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5课内合作探究2课后强化作业5新课标语法3基 础 巩 固4课前自主预习1课前自主预习翻译下面的句子，体会句中情态动词的用法。You may choose one from these books._The work must be finished as soon as possible._Boats cant reach the upper part of the Yangtze
2、 River.It was too dangerous.船只_长江的上游，太危险了。Can I use your dictionary?_你可以从这些书中选择一本。这项工作必须尽快完成。不能到达我可以用一下你的词典吗？Shall I tell him you called?_Would/Will you ask them to wait outside?_You have to work hard to make a living.为了谋生_。We neednt be waiting here.我们_在这里等。我告诉他您来过电话吗？你可否请他们在外面等等？你就得努力工作不必课内合作探究1.im
3、mense adj.极大的An immense amount of money and time has been put into finding a cure.为寻找治疗方法，已投入了大量金钱和时间。知识拓展(1)immensely adv.非常，极其We enjoyed the play immensely.我们特别欣赏这部剧目。(2)immensity n(规模或困难程度的)巨大Thats the immensity of the task before us.这就是我们所面临的极为繁重的任务。即学即用语法填空The government will be building new ho
4、tels，a(n)_ stadium，and a fine new swimming pool in the suburb.答案：immenseimmense指“面积广大的”，符合句意。句意为：政府打算在郊区建造许多新的旅馆，一个巨大的露天运动场和一个漂亮的新游泳池。2forbid(1)禁止；不许Parking is forbidden!禁止停车！His parents forbid him to drink wine.他的父母不准他喝酒。The school forbids any student going out without permission.学校禁止任何学生未经允许出去。(2)
5、阻止；妨碍The storm forbids us to go out.暴风雨使我们不能外出。知识拓展(1)(反)allow 容许；permit 同意；容许(同)prevent 禁止；stop 禁止(构)forbiddance n.忍耐；克制forbidden adj.禁止的；严禁的Forbidden City 紫禁城forbidden zone 禁区(2)forbid sb.to do sth./forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth.禁止做某事即学即用(1)完成句子We forbid _(smoke)here.The school
6、forbids the students _ _(smoke)Anyone is forbidden _ _(enter)the laboratory without the teachers permission.答案：smokingto smoketo enter(2)语法填空In crowded streets,for the safety of people,it is _(forbid)to drive faster than 20mph.答案：forbidden句意：在拥挤的街道上，为了人们的安全，禁止车速超过每小时20英里。由句意和用forbid的过去分词。3require v要
7、求；需求常用于require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”；require doing“需要”；require that从句用should动词原形。The baby requires a lot of care and attention.婴儿需要许多照顾和关心。Friendship requires us to show honest.友谊需要我们付出真诚。The situation required that he(should)be present.这种形势需要他在场。知识拓展require doingrequire to be done 类似动词有need,want。T
8、he animals require looking after.The animals require to be looked after.动物需要照顾。The wall needs paintingThe wall needs to be painted.这面墙需要被刷。即学即用语法填空It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school,so seldom _you see them using one.答案：not use;will句意：据要求，学生不能在学校使用手机，因此你很少看到他们用手机。第一个空考查r
9、equire的主语从句中用should动词原形，should可以省略。第二个空考查seldom位于句首句子用倒装：seldom助动词主语。4nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近Ive worked here for nearly two years.我在这里已经工作将近两年了。知识拓展not nearly 远非；绝不是Its not nearly as hot as last year.天气绝没有去年那么热。There isnt nearly enough time to get there now.现在根本没有足够的时间赶到那儿。即学即用完成句子“Could we put off the
10、 meeting？”She asked.“Not_，”he answered politely.“This is the only day everyone is available.”答案：really5spot(1)n.地点；场所；现场；斑点；污点助记：spot是“点”，何以牢记spot“认出；识别”？由“点”到“认出”的过程即：“点”与周围不同之处“识别；认出”。This is really a nice picnic spot.这真是一个野餐的好去处。This is the spot where the accident happened.这就是事故发生的现场。(2)v.(使)沾上污点
11、；(使)带有斑点；弄脏；找出；认出；发现He spotted the desk with ink.他用墨水弄脏了书桌。I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall.因为他个子非常高，我在人群中很容易就认出了他。即学即用语法填空Luckily enough,a doctor happened to be on_spotwhen the old man collapsed.答案：theon the spot“当场”，符合题意。Nearly 100 million people live here,most of them in
12、 the east.差不多一亿人住在此地，绝大多数住在东部。本句中使用了most of them in the east这一比较特殊的结构，即独立主格结构。它是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副词)或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能用并列连词连接，也不能由从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。在做这类题时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。(1)逻辑主语V.ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，分词表示的动作 不是整句主语发出的动作，而是逻辑主语发出的动作。Weather p
13、ermitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们明天去看你。(2)逻辑主语V.ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者。The singal given,the train started.信号一发出，火车就启动了。(3)逻辑主语形容词或副词该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。Conditions better,the patient can leave the hospital.身体状况再好些的话，病人就能出院了。(4)逻辑主语介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主系介词短语”结构。The boy followed th
14、e nobleman here,sword in hand.男孩跟着那个贵族，手里拎着把剑。即学即用语法填空The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent_(launch)at the end of last March.答案：having been launched句中没有连接词，故不能用谓语动词；the most recent having been launched为独立主格结构，由at the end of last March可知应选用表示动作完成的现在分词的完成被动式。新课标语法图解
15、语法助记表解语法助记表一：情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如能力、职责、建议、意图、请求、可能等。主要的情态动词有：can/be able to,shall/will，may，must/have to，ought to，need/dare等。词义现在式过去式同义短语能够，可能cancouldbe able to许可，也许maymight/必须，一定must/have to词义现在式过去式同义短语应当，要shallshouldought to愿意，要willwould/需要need/敢daredared/情态动词记忆口诀情态动词二要点：动词原形跟后面，说话语气较委婉。can表“能力”ma
16、y“许可”，must“责任”或“义务”，否定回答neednt换；“需要”need、dare“敢”，should“应该”、would“愿”，have to“被迫”表客观。表二：情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can与be able to用在过去时中，can常常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做；be able to则常表示能做某事并且已经做了。I could catch the 6：30 train.我能赶上6：30的火车。I was able to catch the 6：30 train.我赶上了6：30的火车。can除表示能力外，还表示客观的可能性，或表示一时的情况。用于肯定句中，译为“有时候
17、会”。Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.单独一个人在体操馆里训练有时会非常危险。情态动词用法例句have to与musthave to着重于外界的压力，有“不得已而为之”的意思；must则强调内在职责的影响，一般仅用于现在时和(不久发生的)将来时。Since it is raining,we have to stay indoors.由于下雨，我们不得不待在家里。We must learn English well.我们必须学好英语。should与ought to当表示“应该”时，should更侧重说话人的主观看法，而o
18、ught to更着重客观的情况。We should/ought to go and see Mary sometime.我们应该找个时间去看玛丽。We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow，but I dont think we will have time.(不用should)我们明天应该去看玛丽，可是我认为我们没有时间。情态动词用法例句would与used towould表示过去习惯性动作时，强调特定情况下的“倾向”；而used to着眼于过去和现在的对比，含义为“现在不再是这样了”。Whenever I was in trouble,he would hel
19、p me.每当我有困难时，他总是帮助我。I used to drink black tea,but now I drink green tea.我过去喝红茶，可现在喝绿茶了。shallshall可用于疑问句，常用来征求对方的见；用在陈述句中与第二、三人称连用，表示话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。You shall go with me.你跟我一起去。(命令)You shall have the book when I finish it.我读完时就把这本书给你。(允诺)He shall be punished.他会受到处罚的。(威胁)情态动词用法例句need与dareneed作情态动词时
20、，用在疑问句和否定句中，表示“需要”、“必要”之义，只有现在时态，其他时态用have to的相应形式代替；dare作情态动词时，用在否定、疑问和条件句中，表示 “敢，敢于”。Need I finish the work before ten？我必须在10点前完成这项工作吗？Yes，you must./No，you neednt.是的，你必须。/不，你不必。The boy darent say so before the teacher.这个男孩在老师面前不敢这样说。may与mightmay和might表示“允许，许可”，否定回答一般用mustnt，表示“禁止，阻止”之义；也可表示可能性的推测，
21、表示“大概，可能”之义。It may be true.它可能是真的。He might have some fever.他可能有些发烧。怎样选用can和may二者所适用的句子类型不同。一般说来，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；而may则多用于陈述句(肯定)，表示一种猜测。二者所强调的意思不同。一般来说，can强调客观上的可能性，而may则强调主观上的推测或判断。二者表示的语气不同。在否定句中，can表达的否定语气较强，意为“不可能”；而may表达的否定语气较弱，意为“可能不”或“也许不”。表三：情态动词表示可能性现在的可能性(1)must常表示对现在或经常的情况作肯定的推测，
22、表示说话人自己相信某事现在是事实，可译为“肯定，一定”。其否定式为cant；而mustnt只表示禁止，可译为“不许”。Where is Mike？迈克哪里去了？He must be at the library.他一定是在图书馆。现在的可能性(2)can表示实际可能性，多用于否定句和疑问句中，表示某事不是事实；cant意思为“不可能”。Can it be your mother？是你母亲吗？No，it cant be her.It may be my father.不，不可能是她，也许是我父亲。现在的可能性(3)could/may/might可表示现在某事有可能发生或可能是事实。may比cou
23、ld和might稍正式一些。might not和may not可表示某事可能不是事实，而could not和cannot表示某事不可能真实。His dictionary might be the same as yours.他的词典也许与你的一样。Dont eat it.It could be poisonous.别吃，这东西可能有毒。He might not be in England at all.他也许根本就不在英格兰。将来的可能性(1)must可用来表示由于特定事实或环境，某事必然会发生。Computer Interviewing and computer diagnosis must
24、 eventually lead to computer decisionmaking.计算机采访和诊断必然会导致计算机决策。(2)might和may可表示某个特定事件可能将会发生，might表示某事发生的可能性较小，而may表示某事发生的可能性较大。It might/may rain this evening according to the radio.根据天气预报，今晚可能会下雨。将来的可能性(3)should和ought to可表示某个特定事件可能会发生，意思为“很可能，应该”，语气比must含蓄，不如must肯定。此外，should和ought to也可用来表示现在发生某事的可能性。
25、This course should be quite interesting for you.这门课程对你来说很可能十分有趣。That should be John coming upstairs now.那应该是约翰正在上楼。即学即用语法填空1I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.答案：might not考查情态动词。句意：我真不喜欢詹姆斯，你为什么邀请他？不要担心，他有可能不来，他说过他对他的计划不确
26、定。might“可能”，可能性较小。由句意可知，用might not。2If you_ smoke,please go outside.答案：must考查情态动词。此处must表示“偏偏，非要”。句意：如果你非要吸烟，请到外面去。3 No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh，you are really his big fan.答案：can考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够；会”。句意：在打篮球方面没有人能够跟姚明相比。哦，你真是他的超级粉丝。4Will you read me a story,Mummy?OK
27、.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.答案：shall考查情态动词。shall用于二、三人称肯定句中，表示说话人的允诺、威胁、命令、警告等语气。此处表示允诺，意为：如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你读一个故事。5It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.答案：cant考查情态动词。根据题中“Its only six oclock.”可知，时间太早，不可能是邮递员来敲门，所以答案为cant，表示针对现在的非常有把握的否定推测。6Why didnt you come to Si
28、mons party last night?I wanted to，but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.答案：would考查情态动词。句意：昨天晚上你为什么不去参加西蒙的晚会？我想去，但我妈妈不让我晚上那么晚出去。根据句意可知此处考查一种语气，表示“不会”用wouldnt。7The police still havent found the lost child,but theyre doing all they _.答案：can考查情态动词与省略。句意：警察仍然没有找到那个失踪的孩子，但他们在尽他们所能去寻找他。can“能”
29、，与句意相符。后半句完整结构为：but theyre doing all they can do to look for him。8Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _，in case he comes late for the meeting.答案：must考查情态动词。must“必须，一定”，用来表示必要性；由空前的I am afraid可知，此处应侧重必要性。句意：我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。因此用must。9If you _ go,at
30、least wait until the storm is over.答案：must考查情态动词。must“必须；一定”。If you must(do sth.)“(表示虽不赞同但可允许)如果你一定要(那么做)”，是固定句型。句意：如果你一定要去，至少也要等到暴风雨停了。10Hows your new babysitter?We _ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.答案：couldnt句意：你们的新保姆怎么样？我们不可能再请到更好的了。我们的孩子非常喜欢她。“We couldnt ask for a better one.”
31、中couldnt与better连用表示“不可能更好”。如I couldnt agree more.表示“我非常同意”。11(江苏高考改编)Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but _ say where he was.答案：wouldnt考查情态动词用法。句意：几天之后，我哥哥打电话说他很好，但不愿说他在哪里。wouldnt“不愿意”，符合题意。12(江西高考改编)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.答案：needn
32、t考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃饭，那么我们本不必买那么多食物。neednt have done“本不必做”，符合题意。13(辽宁高考改编)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.答案：shall本题考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们其中的一项规定就是学生在校期间应该穿校服。shall用于第三人称的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。14(四 川 高 考 改 编)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chin
33、ese,and I said“Ni Hao”，just as I _ do in China.答案：might本题考查情态动词。might表示推测，“可能，或许”，常用于肯定句和否定句。句意：我靠得足够近听到他们在说汉语，我也像在中国我可能做的那样，说了一声“您好”。根据句意应用might。15(重庆高考改编)_ you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir,but its urgent.答案：Must考查情态动词。句意：你非要现在打断我吗？你没看见我正在打电话吗？must“偏偏，非要”，符合句意。基 础 巩 固.单词拼写1T
34、o build a road in the _(多山的)area was a real challenge.2They have chosen to work in that _(边远的)area after graduation.3Who would have expected that he could climb up that _(陡峭的)cliff?4High school boys in the country are _(禁止)to wear long hair.5This is the _(现场)where he was murdered.6 There is a _(休 息
35、室)in the mill where the workers can take a rest.7The plane is about to take off.Please dont walk about in _(机舱)8Its almost impossible to find him in the_(极大地)ocean.答案：1.mountainous2.remote3.steep4.forbidden5spot6.lounge7.cabin8.immense.根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词1The lighthouse of the island gleamed _ _ _(在远处
36、)2 Passengers are required to_ their passports _ _(随身携带)3What about _ _(去木筏漂流)this summer vacation?4 My home province is _ _ _ _(西南)the country.5You can smoke _ _ _(如果你愿意)答案：1.in the distance2.take;with them3.going rafting4.in the southwest of5.if you like.语法填空1Only if you work hard _you be able to
37、succeed in the future.答案：will句意为：只有你努力学习，将来你才能成功。only if位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装，故will正确。2Its far away from here and its certainly not _ walking distance.答案：withinwithin walking distance意为“几步远”，是固定词组。3After entering the concert hall,the mother _(spot)a friend and went over to greet him.答案：spotted句意为：进入音乐厅之后，妈
38、妈认出了一位朋友并过去打招呼。spot sb.意为“认出某人”，符合句意。4There is a sign at the roadside，saying“_ the grass.”答案：Keep off句意为：路边有个牌子，上面说，“勿踏草地”。keep off意为“远离”，符合句意。5 Smoking _(forbid)here but you are allowed _.答案：is forbidden;to smoke 句意为：吸烟是被禁止的，但允许你在这儿吸烟。smoking与forbid之间为被动关系。be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”。6Old John
39、had no other hobbies,so he had to get a kick _ wine.答案：out ofget a kick out of sth.意为“从某事中得到乐趣”，是固定词组。7After the accident happened,police and reporters were soon on_.答案：the spoton the spot意为“在现场”，是固定词组。8You can have a good _ of this area from the summits(山顶)of nearby hills.答案：view have a good view of.意为“看到的美景”，是固定搭配。9The hill isnt as beautiful as I have expected.In fact,it looks better _ the distance.答案：in答语意为：事实上，在远处看这座山更好看。in the distance意为“在远处”，是固定词组。10The naughty boy was forbidden _(stay)inside for what he had done.答案：to stayforbid sb.to do sth.意为“禁止某人做某事”，此处考查它的被动结构。课后强化作业（点此链接）
